我市工矿企业职业病危害因素现状调查报告出炉 The our city industrial and mining enterprises the occupational-disease-inductive factors in the present situation investigation report

粉尘是职业病最大“祸首” Dust is occupational disease is the largest“culprit”

　　《重庆市工矿企业职业病危害因素现状调查与评估》研究报告昨日通过专家评审。报告称，目前我市职业病防治形势非常严峻，其中粉尘危害最普遍，堪称职业病的最大“祸首”。

《Chongqing mining enterprise the occupational-disease-inductive factors present situation investigation and evaluation》Research report yesterday by experts。The report says，At present our city occupational disease prevention and the situation has been very serious，Among them the most common dust harm，The biggest is occupational disease“culprit”。

　　据不完全统计，目前我市Ⅲ类职业危害的企业约1.6万家左右，接触的人群达180万人，累计职业病患者为5万人，尘肺病占总数的90%以上。为了探究这些职业病的“祸首”，市卫生局、市科委等部门组织专家对全市职业危害因素进行全面摸底，遍及34个区县(自治县)23个行业的578家企业，重点是生产、使用有毒有害化学物品及粉尘危害严重的企业和作业岗位。

According to not complete count，At present our city Ⅲ occupations of the harm of enterprise 1.6 or so，The crowd of contact 1.8 million people，Accumulative total occupational disease patients for 50000 people，Pneumoconiosis disease accounted for more than 90% of the total。In order to explore the occupational disease“culprit”，The municipal bureau of、City science and technology committee and other departments organize experts to the occupational harmful factors comprehensive baseline，In 34 districts (counties)(Autonomous county)23 industry 578 enterprises，Key is the production、Use of toxic harmful chemicals and dust of the enterprise and serious harm work post。

　　经过3年的选点监测，研究报告出炉。课题负责人、朕尔职业医学研究院院长何玉兰介绍，“目前我市在引进境外投资和技术时，有些具有新的职业危害因素的生产企业和工艺技术也进入重庆地区，形成新职业病危害因素和传统职业病危害因素并存的局面。”特别是在全市各中小企业中此类问题尤为突出，如建材、冶金、矿山、机械、医药、化工、轻工等行业都不同程度存在职业病危害。

After three years of study monitoring，Research report。Of a research、I professional medical research institute President HeYuLan's introduction，“At present our city in introducing foreign investment and technology，Some have new occupational hazard production enterprise and technology into chongqing area，Form new the occupational-disease-inductive factors and the traditional occupational-disease-inductive factors exist situation。”Especially in the small and medium-sized enterprises in the city in such problem particularly outstanding，Such as building materials、metallurgy、mine、machinery、medicine、chemical、Light industries different extent existing occupational hazards。

　　具体而言，此次调查的624个粉尘作业点，竟有94.55%超标。何玉兰称，此次普查共检测到水泥粉尘、砂轮磨尘等22种粉尘，其中水泥粉尘和矽尘的达标率为零。“可以说，粉尘是我市最主要的职业病危害因素，已经严重威胁到职工的生命安全。”比如炼焦工人接触粉尘患肺癌的死亡率比其他人高10倍，金属矿工死于肺癌的机会比一般人高3倍。

In particular，The survey of 624 ZuoYeDian dust，A staggering 94.55% overweight。HeYuLan says，The census were testing to cement the dust、The grinding wheel grinding dust etc and 22 of dust，Among them the cement dust and silicon of the success rate is zero dust。“Can say，Dust is the most of the occupational-disease-inductive factors，Have a serious threat to the worker's life safety。”Such as coking workers dust exposure risk of lung cancer mortality rates 10 times higher than others，Metal miners died of lung cancer opportunity three times higher than average person。

　　如何防尘，专家强调，“纱布口罩不能防尘”，这是因为一般的棉纱口罩只能挡住部分粉尘，对一些微细粉尘，尤其是小于5微米的粉尘，还是会从纱布的网眼中穿过去，进入呼吸系统，就是多戴几层也不会增强防护效果，无法起到防尘作用。何玉兰建议，“防尘要采取综合措施，包括改革工艺过程，避免粉尘接触、减少粉尘外逸。”(记者 文晶)

How to dust，Experts emphasized，“Gauze mask can't dustproof”，This is because the general cotton yarn mask can only blocking part of the dust，To some fine dust，Especially less than 5 micron dust，Or will the mesh wear gauze from the past，Enter respiratory system，It is much wear a few layer also does not increase the protective effect，Can't have dustproof role。HeYuLan Suggestions，“Dust to take comprehensive measures，Including the reform process，Avoid dust contact、Reduce dust to escape。”(Reporter wenjing)