“一个医院一干一辈子，一个岗位一呆几十年”，医务人员几乎不“流动”。32件35人医疗领域职务犯罪表明—— "A hospital a lifetime,A position for a few decades",Medical staff hardly"flow".32 35 medical field duty crime shows that --

医疗行业易形成“不挪窝的腐败” The medical industry easy formation"Don't NuoWo corruption"

　　医疗领域腐败是个顽疾，一直没有得到较好“根治”。山东省临沂市检察院立案查处的32件35人医疗领域职务犯罪案件表明，医疗领域腐败主要呈现三种类型，具有共性，根源在于“一把手”权力过大，监督流于形式，还有医务人员不流动，形成“不挪窝的腐败”。

Corruption is a persistent ailment in the medical field,Has not been good"Effect a radical cure".Linyi city, shandong province, procuratorate put on record is investigated 32 a 35 medical field that duty crime cases,The corruption in the medical field mainly presents three types,Has commonness,root"a"Too much power,Supervision and become a mere formality,There are medical staff don't flow,formation"Don't NuoWo corruption".

三种腐败类型 Three types of corruption

　　据办案人员介绍，32件35人医疗领域职务犯罪案件主要呈现三种类型，每一类都具有相似的共性。

According to the investigators is introduced,32 35 medical field main duty crime cases presented three types,Every kind of have similar commonness.

　　“一言堂”型。“一言堂”即“家长”制，是一种一人独大的武断式掌权行为。医疗领域各单位有其特殊性，无论业务、人事还是财务都有很强的独立性，与外界鲜有往来，就像一座封闭的堡垒。正是由于这种特殊性，无论是外部还是内部的监督机构、监督力量，都很难对掌权者形成强有力的监督。

"YiYanTang"type."YiYanTang"namely"parents"system,Is a kind of alone big arbitrary type power behavior.Medical field each unit has its particularity,Whether business/Personnel or financial have a strong independent character,With the outside few exchanges,Like a closed fortress.It is because of this particularity,Either external or internal supervision mechanism/Supervision power,It is difficult to form strong to the supervision of the ruler.

　　苍山县中医院原院长龙学全，是一位从乡镇卫生院普通医生走上县级医院的“一把手”。2004年在担任中医院副院长时，他就将医院要害部门的权力揽在手中“从中牟利”，“家长”制的管理模式从那时起已在其身上暴露。到了“扶正”任院长之时，更有过之而无不及。2010年6月，龙学全案发。2012年8月，临沂市中级法院认定龙学全担任中医院副院长、院长期间，贪污公款151余万元、受贿43.5万元、挪用公款165万余元，数罪并罚决定执行有期徒刑二十年。

The former director LongXueQuan CangShanXian hospital of traditional Chinese medicine,Is a township health center from ordinary doctor at or above the county level to the hospital"a".In 2004, when as vice President of the hospital of traditional Chinese medicine,He will be the hospital the key department of power in their hands"lucrative","parents"System management mode since then has in its body exposure.the"righting"As dean of,Even more.In June 2010,LongXueQuan the.In August 2012,Linyi city intermediate court ascertained that LongXueQuan served as vice President of the hospital of traditional Chinese medicine/During the,Corruption public funds of 151 yuan/Bribery is 435000 yuan/Embezzlement of more than 1.65 million yuan,For several crimes decided to implement of imprisonment for 20 years.

　　办案人员介绍，在立案查处的35人中，单位“一把手”有10人，从这10人的犯罪情况看，基本都属于“一言堂”型犯罪。“医院的掌权者若想搞‘一言堂’，基本是一搞一个准。”

Investigators introduced,In the 35 people put on record is investigated,unit"a"10 people,From this 10 people criminal case,Basic belong to"YiYanTang"Type crime."The hospital authority to make‘YiYanTang’,Basic is a make a quasi."

　　“潜规则”型。“潜规则”在多个行业流行，不少人对此甚至表示认同，见多不怪。在医疗领域，“潜规则”甚至是公开或半公开的“秘密”。比如：病人要动手术，亲属不给主刀医生送红包或请吃饭，心里就不踏实；药品业务员上门推销业务，不给“说了算”的领导送上感谢费，生意就别想谈成；想进医院上班还想占个编制，不到领导家中“坐坐”，即使有业务专长也担心没戏……“潜规则”下的一方与另一方基本形成了一种默契：有“行规”按“行规”办，无“行规”按约定办，可谓“一个愿打一个愿挨”。

"Latent rules"type."Latent rules"In many industries pop,Many people are even agree,Sees many don't blame.In the medical field,"Latent rules"Even public or semipublic"secret".For example:The patient is going to have surgery,Relatives don't give the surgeon give a red envelope or please to have a meal,The heart is not practical;Drugs salesman call business,Don't give"Have the final say"Leadership to GanXieFei,Business don't want to talk to;Want to go to the hospital to work still want to account for a compilation,Less than leadership home"sit",Even with business expertise also worry that the no..."Latent rules"A party, and the other party basic formed a tacit understanding:have"Guild regulations"According to the"Guild regulations"do,no"Guild regulations"According to the agreed to do,is"A may play a may get".

　　2004年到2010年间，临沂及济南的两家医药公司医药代表到临沂市肿瘤医院联系业务，必先到时任院长的马幼平那里“意思意思”，双方心照不宣。临沂市兰山区法院经审理认定他共从上述两家医药公司医药代表手中收受106.9万元、4000美元。2010年12月，马幼平以受贿罪被判处有期徒刑十一年。

From 2004 to 2010,Linyi and jinan's two pharmaceutical companies medicine representative to linyi tumour hospital contact business,Will go to the dean of the MaYouPing there"Meaning meaning",Both sides understood.LanShan linyi city district court, upon hearing that he altogether from the above two pharmaceutical companies medicine representative hand from 1.069 million yuan/4000 dollars.In December of 2010,MaYouPing for taking was sentenced to imprisonment 11 years.

　　“蚁贪”型。“蚁贪”，尽管每次并不起眼，但又源源不断，累积起来却不是一个小数目，这样的贪贿就像温水煮青蛙，慢慢将贪婪者拖入犯罪深渊。王平原是费县医院外四科主任，在当地是一位很有名气的外科医生。平时做骨科手术常用到一种钢板。生产这种钢板的厂家省内就有好几家，用哪一家的由他这位主刀医生说了算。纪某是济南生产这种钢板的厂家经理，每次来费县推销时，一定要到王平这里和他“打声招呼”。只要这个“招呼”一打，基本连正常的招标程序都免了。据案发后统计，王平7年时间共分71次从纪某手中收受33.88万元回扣。如果将这笔贿赂分成71份，每一份也可能“并不起眼”。2010年12月，法院以受贿罪判处王平有期徒刑七年。

"Ant greed"type."Ant greed",Although every time and small,But continuously,The cumulative but not a small number,Such take bribes as warm water boiled frog,Slowly the wolves into crime abyss.WangPingYuan fei county hospital is the four section head,In the local is a very famous surgeon.Usually do orthopaedic surgery commonly used to a plate.Production this kind of steel plate manufacturers province have several,With which a by him the the surgeon have the final say.Age is a jinan production this kind of steel plate factory manager,Every time when promote fei county,Must to wang ping here and he"To say hello".As long as the"called"A dozen,Basic even normal tendering procedure are from.According to the statistics after,Wang ping seven years is divided into 71 times a hand from the age from 338800 yuan rebate.If the bribery is divided into 71 copies,Each may also"And small".In December of 2010,The court sentenced for taking wang ping of imprisonment for seven years.

监督为何成了摆设 Supervision and why became decoration

　　“管理制度成了摆设，这是首要原因。”谈到医疗领域职务犯罪多发的问题，办案人员这样表示。

"Management system became a decoration,This is the primary cause."When it comes to medical field duty crime multiple problems,Investigators say.

　　办案人员介绍，查办案件时到发案单位一看，各种规章制度、各种约束性规定以及各种操作流程要么挂在墙上要么登在文件上，样样不缺，医院在显眼位置还设有监督服务台、举报箱以及留言簿等等，“但这些东西能起多大作用，是个疑问”。至少从目前查办的犯罪情况看，也只是一些应付检查的摆设，对于预防职务犯罪、对于监督领导者权力的运行作用实属有限，根本起不到实质性作用。“管理制度一旦成了摆设，遏制职务犯罪也就成了空话，腐败案件高发也就成了必然。”

Investigators introduced,Investigation cases probably to unit a look,Various rules and regulations/All kinds of mandatory provisions and various operation process or hung on the wall or ascend in the document,Everything is not lack of,The hospital in the conspicuous position also is equipped with the supervision and service desk/JuBaoXiang and message board, etc,"But these things can be of much use,Is a question".At least from the current situation of the criminal investigation to see,It is only some cope with the decoration of the inspection,To prevent the duty crime/For the operation of the power supervision and the leader role is limited,Fundamental up less than substantive effect."Management system once became a decoration,Contain the duty crime become empty talk,Corruption case high-risk also became inevitable."

　　纪维华案发前长期担任莒南县人民医院院长、党委书记，集单位财政、业务、人事以及工程建设等大权于一身，妻子徐宝凤是院内三科主任。纪维华主持医院工作长达15年之久，单位的各个要害部门都有“他的人”，他干什么事都会有人附和叫好。案发前几年，“医院的事就是他的事，他的事也就是医院的事”，他在会议上每提出一项措施，很少能听到“不同声音”。在他面前，管理制度成了摆设。2011年5月，纪维华因犯受贿罪、巨额财产来源不明罪被判处有期徒刑十七年；徐宝凤因贪污罪、受贿罪、非国家工作人员受贿罪、巨额财产来源不明罪被判处有期徒刑二十年，夫妻二人涉案总额高达670余万元。

JiWeiHua before the long as junan county people's hospital dean/Secretary of the party committee,Set unit financial/business/Personnel and project construction, power at a suit,Wife XuBaoFeng is hospital three director.JiWeiHua host hospital for as long as 15 years,Units of all the key department"His people",What he is going to be someone echo hurrah.The before a few years,"The hospital is him,He is the business of hospital",He put forward at the meeting each a measures,Rarely heard"Different voice".Before him,Management system became a decoration.In May 2011,JiWeiHua made for taking bribes/Crime of huge property's unclear source was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment seventeen years;XuBaoFeng because of the crime of corruption/Taking bribes/Non-state staff taking bribes/Crime of huge property's unclear source was sentenced to imprisonment for 20 years,The couple total involved as high as 670 yuan.

　　第二个原因是，医务干部基本不交流，“原地腐败”。

The second reason is,Medical cadres basic don't communicate,"In situ corruption".

　　在医疗单位，上至领导，下至中层主管及普通人员，除了极少数的综合服务人员外，大都是行医出身，都有一技之长。这样一个特殊群体，决定了医务人员很少能与领域外其他单位人员进行交流，特别是那些有医务特长的专家型人才，即使在本领域内各单位间流动，有时也会被本单位以人才难得为由抓住不放。因此，不少医务人员在一个岗位上一干就是一辈子，有的领导一干可能就是“终身制”。

In the medical unit,Up to the leadership,Down to the middle supervisor and ordinary people,In addition to very few comprehensive service personnel outside,Mostly doctor was born,Have professional skill.Such a special group,Determine the medical personnel with little outside the territory of the other unit personnel exchanges,Especially those who have the medical specialty of expert talent,Even in this field between each unit flow,Sometimes will also be this unit with rare talent for hold onto.therefore,Many medical staff in a post does is for a lifetime,Some leaders may be a"The system of life tenure".

　　“医务人员‘不挪窝’，就容易催生腐败。”办案人员分析说，而交流、调动对职务犯罪有较好的预防作用。

"Medical personnel‘Don't NuoWo’,It is easy to midwifery corruption."Investigators said analysis,And exchange/Transfer of the duty crime have better prevention effect.

　　办案人员介绍了一起典型的“原地腐败”。苍山县向城镇卫生院院长苗金山和副院长付全法，两人都是从该院成长起来的干部，在卫生院20多年没“挪窝”。2011年6月，二人案发，他们合伙贪污公款50多万元，苗还分19次受贿6万元，付分9次受贿1.49万元。2011年12月，两人皆被判处有期徒刑十年。

Investigators introduced the typical together"In situ corruption".CangShanXian to town health center director, vice President of the MiaoJinShan and pay the whole method,Both grew up from the hospital cadres,In the health center for more than 20 years didn't"NuoWo".In June 2011,The two people,Their partnership corruption public funds more than 50 ten thousand yuan,Miao also points 19 bribery is 60000 yuan,Pay points, nine times bribery is 14900 yuan.In December of 2011,Two people were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment for ten years.

　　第三个原因是，内外监督被“架空”。客观地说，医疗机构的监督措施比较健全，上有卫生行政主管部门对医疗领域人员的监督和管理，外有社会上聘请的医务监督员的监督，内有本单位纪检监督，以及群众和社会监督等等，可谓“多而全”、“细而广”。可是，从近几年的办案情况来看，这些监督基本上流于形式。监督一旦被架空，有关人员的胆子就变大，一旦胆子变大，“一言堂”、“潜规则”、拿回扣就肆无忌惮。2000年至2009年10年时间，费县人民医院原设备科主任李辉利用单位进设备之机，先后30余次从8个单位14人手中收受贿赂16万元。2011年12月，李辉以受贿罪被判处有期徒刑十年。

The third reason is,Internal and external supervision is"overhead".Objectively said,Medical supervision, perfecting measures,On the public health administrative department in charge of medical field personnel supervision and management,The society has retained the supervision of medical supervisor,Has this unit disciplinary inspection and supervision,And the people and social supervision, etc,is"Much and all"/"Fine and wide".but,From in last few years the handling situation,These supervision and basically become a mere formality.Supervision and once they are overhead,Relevant personnel of courage is bigger,Once the courage greatens,"YiYanTang"/"Latent rules"/Take rebate is without scruple.From 2000 to 2009, 10 years time,Fei county people's hospital original equipment division director li hui of unit equipment into the machine,More than 30 times successively from eight unit 14 people hand took bribes 160000 yuan.In December of 2011,Li hui for taking was sentenced to imprisonment for ten years.

既要治病救人，也要“治医” Should not only cure the sickness to save the patient,Also want to"To medical"

　　近年来，发生在医疗领域的腐败令人深恶痛绝，医疗机构在为患者治病的同时，更应当将自身的顽疾彻底根治。办案人员认为，只有把自身的“疾患”治彻底了，才能从根本上提高为患者服务的质量。

In recent years,Occurred in the medical field of corruption is detest,A medical institution for patients at the same time of cure,More shall own ill effect a radical cure thoroughly.Investigators think,Only by their own"disorders"Cure thoroughly the,To fundamentally improve the quality of service for the patients.

　　首先，医疗机构要加强对单位领导层的管理。要提倡医务干部交流，不能让单位领导或者部门主管在一个位置上呆得太久或主抓一项工作时间太长，经常性交流也是对医务干部的一种保护。交流范围尽可能在本地区医疗领域内，特殊情况下也可以跨地区交流，提倡到异地任职；单位领导或部门主管不能搞“终身制”，实行选任制、任期制，采取竞聘上岗、任人唯贤地选拔和使用，这样才有利于避免“小圈子”和“家长制”作风。莒南县人民医院外二科原主任王远华，当科室副主任时就主持科里的工作，在这个位置上一干就是十几年，他收受回扣基本是公开的秘密，因为医术高明，院里顺着他。2010年12月，他因受贿罪、非国家工作人员受贿罪被判处有期徒刑十四年。

First of all,Medical institutions should strengthen the management of the unit leadership.We must promote medical exchange of cadres,Can't let the unit leadership or departments in a position to stay too long or eco-agricultural a working time is too long,Regular communication is also to the medical cadre's a kind of protection.Communication range as far as possible in this area in the field of medical treatment,Special circumstances can also span area communication,Advocate to different work;The unit leadership or departments can't make"The system of life tenure",Implement XuanRenZhi/Tenure system,Take an mount guard/Appoint people by abilities to the selection and use,In this way we can avoid"clique"and"patriarchal"style.Junan county people's hospital of the second section original director WangYuanHua,As deputy director of the department when they host Corey work,In this position does is more than ten years,He had received kickbacks basic is an open secret,Because learned,Courtyard down his.In December of 2010,He was taking bribes/Non-state staff taking bribes was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of fourteen years.

　　其次，加大监督力度。所办理的32件职务犯罪案件，由群众举报的达24件，占75%，由此一方面可以看出群众监督的威力，另一方面也表明医疗机构系统自身监督“匮乏”。医疗机构必须充分利用单位纪检、监督部门的监督，加大监督力度，把挂在墙上的“形式监督”落实到实际当中。今年以来，临沂市医疗卫生系统先后两次聘请检察官给医务人员开办职务犯罪预防讲座，表明医疗机构对医务人员犯罪预防越来越重视。但仅靠几场讲座，解决不了根本问题，必须从根本上提高医务人员的法律意识，还要从制度上加以制约，“双管”齐下治理医疗腐败。(卢清华 朱立波)

secondly,Increase the surveillance dynamics.Apply to 32 of the duty crime cases,By the masses inform against to 24 pieces,75%,Thus on the one hand we can see that the power of the supervision of the masses,On the other hand also show that medical institutions supervision system itself"lack".Medical institutions must make full use of discipline inspection unit/The supervision of the supervision department,Increase the surveillance dynamics,The hanging on the wall"Form supervision"Implement to practice.Since this year,Linyi city medical and health system has two employ prosecutors to medical personnel duty crime prevention seminar offered,Show that medical institutions for medical personnel pay more and more attention to the crime prevention.But only on a few lectures,Not solve the fundamental problem,Must fundamentally improve the legal consciousness of medical personnel,But also from the system to restrict,"Double tube"The medical corruption's governance.(LuQingHua ZhuLiBo)