从中学生到大学生 From students to college students

　　如何摆脱角色转换焦虑 How to get rid of the role transition of anxiety

　　编者按

Editor's note

　　金秋九月，高校新生和职场新人如何面对全新的环境？北京大学精神卫生研究所王向群教授呼吁：“一定要重视青年人群的心理健康。高校新生、职场新人处于焦虑障碍的高发期，需要加强对疾病的正确认知，出现症状尽早识别，及时进行专业的心理和药物治疗，以减少焦虑障碍对未来生活的影响。”

Autumn in September,Freshmen and new workplace how to face new environment?Beijing university institute of mental health WangXiangQun professor called for:"Young people must attach importance to the mental health.freshmen/New workplace in anxiety disorder of the period,We need to strengthen the correct cognition of the disease,Symptoms early identification,In a timely manner professional psychology and drug therapy,In order to reduce anxiety disorder for a future life influence."

　　“自身角色的转换和来自外界环境的变化常常会让高校新生和职场新人感到压力和紧张，出现偶尔的焦虑情绪无伤大雅。”北京回龙观医院的杨甫德教授指出，“但是，如果焦虑的严重程度与客观事件或处境不相称，或者持续时间过长，在大多数人不会紧张的情况或场所突然感到强烈恐惧，就可能是焦虑障碍的征兆了，需要及时前往正规医院的精神专科就医。”数据显示，80%-90%的焦虑障碍在患者35岁以前发病，其中，又以10至25岁是发病的高峰期。国内研究显示，59.1%的大学新生焦虑水平高于全国18至29岁青年的平均水平。高校新生既要承受学习的压力，又要学会独立应付日常起居，甚至还要面临情感上的困扰，焦虑抑郁时有发生。此外，刚刚结束校园生活，曾经自由自在的大学生步入职场，紧张的工作节奏，复杂的人际关系接踵而至，职场新人也常常感到应接不暇。可见，高校新生和职场新人正处于焦虑障碍的高发时期，应该格外受到关注。

"Their own role conversion and from the outside environment changes often let freshmen and workplace newcomers feel pressure and tension,Appear occasionally if anxiety."The Beijing huilongguan hospital professor noted that YangFuDe,"but,If anxiety severity and objective event or situation not match,Or for a long time,In most people don't tense situation or place suddenly feel a strong fear,May be a sign of anxiety disorder,Need to go to normal hospital in the spirit of the medical college."Data display,80% - 90% of the anxiety disorder in patients 35 years old disease,the,And with 10 to 25 years old is the peak of the disease.Domestic research shows that,59.1% of college freshmen anxiety level higher than the national 18 to 29 years old youth's average level.Freshmen should bear the pressure of learning,And learn to cope with the independent daily daily life,Even to face the problem of emotion,Anxiety depression happen from time to tome.In addition,Just finished campus life,Once free of college students into the workplace,Nervous working rhythm,The complicated interpersonal relationship ensues,New workplace and often feel was besieged with.visible,Freshmen and new in job market is in anxiety disorder of high-risk period,Should be more attention.

　　“焦虑障碍是一种真实、严重的疾病，但也是可以治疗的。”北京安定医院副院长李占江教授强调，“目前国际上公认尽早发现并求诊精神科医生，经过专业的心理和药物治疗后，绝大多数患者都可以重新开始幸福的生活。”

"Anxiety disorder is a kind of true/Serious diseases,But it is also can be treated."Beijing hospital, vice President of the stability of li jiang professor emphasizes,"The international recognized as early as possible and attending the psychiatrist,After professional psychological and drug therapy,The vast majority of patients can start again happy life."

　　焦虑障碍，是一组以焦虑为主要临床相的精神障碍，症状表现为精神症状和躯体症状，分为多个亚型，主要包括广泛性焦虑障碍，强迫症，惊恐障碍，创伤后应激障碍，社交焦虑障碍，尽管每一种焦虑障碍在不同的患者身上的症状表现各异，但是它们都会引起极度的恐慌或担忧，从而干扰正常的生活方式。例如，广泛性焦虑障碍患者的惶惶不可终日可严重损害患者的日常社会功能；而社交焦虑障碍的平均病程更是达到20年，严重影响青少年心理行为发育、破坏人际关系、甚至导致社会隔离。

Anxiety disorder,Is a set of with anxiety as the main clinical phase of the disorder,Symptoms for mental symptoms and physical symptoms,Divided into a number of subtypes,Mainly includes generalized anxiety disorder,Obsessive-compulsive disorder,Panic disorder,Post-traumatic stress disorder,Social anxiety disorder,Although each anxiety disorder in different patients with different symptoms,But they can cause extreme panic or worry about,Thus interferes with normal way of life.For example,Generalized anxiety disorder patients be on tenterhooks can seriously damage patients daily social function;Social anxiety disorder and the average course is up to 20 years,The serious influence adolescent psychological behavior development/Destroy relationships/Even lead to social isolation.

　　近年来，我国报告的焦虑障碍患病率呈上升趋势，更有回顾性研究显示2002年度的焦虑患者已是1992年度的4倍左右。北京大学精神卫生研究所王向群教授指出：“控制焦虑障碍的发病率是全社会面临的紧急问题。”然而，日前发布的京、湘、沪三地公众知晓度调查显示，90%的公众对于焦虑障碍的认知仍然存在较大的偏差。由于对焦虑抑郁障碍是由环境因素，个体因素和生物学因素共同导致大脑内化学物质的改变而引起的一组精神疾病认识不足，焦虑患者常常就各种情绪相关的躯体症状反复求诊于临床各科室，在获得正确诊断前进行了许多不必要的检查和治疗，不仅增加患者及家属的心理和经济压力，还造成了巨大的社会医疗资源浪费。

In recent years,Our country report anxiety disorder prevalence shows ascendant trend,More retrospective research shows that 2002 year's anxiety patients have is 1992 year 4 times the left and right sides.Beijing university institute of mental health WangXiangQun professor noted that:"Control the incidence of anxiety disorder is whole society faces problems of emergency."however,Released by the Beijing/xiang/Shanghai public places awareness survey,90% of the public for anxiety disorder cognitive still exist large deviation.Because of anxiety depression disorder is by environmental factors,Individual factors and biological factors common cause the brain chemical change and cause a group of mental illness, inadequate understanding,Anxiety patients often is various emotions related somatic symptoms in clinical each department repeated calls,To obtain the accurate diagnosis before many unnecessary examination and treatment,Not only increase the patient and family to psychological and economic pressure,Also caused great social medical resources waste.

　　因此，王向群教授重申：“提高公众对于焦虑障碍的正确认知刻不容缓。了解焦虑障碍的常见的症状，及早识别及早诊断，通过求诊正规医院的精神专科医生，获得专业的心理和药物治疗，将使患者本身，家庭和社会各方受益。

therefore,WangXiangQun reiterated that professor:"Improve public for anxiety disorder correct cognitive delay.Understand anxiety disorder of common symptoms,Early identification of early diagnosis,Through attending the normal hospital spirit of specialized subject doctor,For professional psychology and drug therapy,Will make the patients themselves,The family and social parties benefit.

　延伸阅读 readings

　　常见焦虑障碍的主要特征

The main characteristics of common anxiety disorder

　　1.广泛性焦虑障碍

1. Generalized anxiety disorder

　　在多数的日子里，几乎每天都对普通的事情或活动无法控制的过度担忧，常伴有躯体症状、如头痛或恶心及无法忍受的不确定感。

In most days,Almost every day to ordinary things or activity can't control excessive worry,Often accompanied by somatic symptoms/Such as headache or sick and can't stand of uncertainty.

　　2.社交焦虑障碍

2. Social anxiety disorder

　　过分或不现实地害怕社交场合，无法忍受尴尬或别人的审视。

Too much or not realistically fear of social situations,Can't stand embarrassed or others look at.

　　3.惊恐障碍

3. Panic disorder

　　反复出现突然发作，不可预测的强烈惊恐体验，一般持续5-20分钟，发作时伴濒死感或失控感及强烈心脏和神经系统症状，让患者担忧；患者主动回避预计会发生惊恐发作的场景。

Repeated sudden attack,Unpredictable strong experience fear,Usually lasts for 5 to 20 minutes,Onset with dying feeling or out of control and strong sense of the heart and nervous system symptoms,Let the patient concerns;Active avoidance is expected to occur in patients with panic attack scene.

　　依凝

In accordance with the setting