我国90%药品无儿童剂型 药品不良反应儿童成“重灾区” Our country 90% drug without children dosage form drug adverse reaction to children"Worst-hit areas"

儿童用药“基本靠掰”引发热议 Medicine for children"Basic depend to break"Trigger hot debate

　　新华网近日发布《儿童用药“基本靠掰”儿童专用药为何奇缺？》的消息在网上引起家长们的热议。网友甚至调侃称药盒上最神秘的数字是“小儿酌减”。据卫生部药品不良反应监测中心最新数据显示：中国每天有数百人死于不良用药，其中儿童占32%。怎样才能防止不良反应的发生呢？记者就此进行了采访。

Xinhuanet released recently[Medicine for children"Basic depend to break"Children ZhuanYongYao why famine?]News on the Internet cause parents hot debate.Net friend even ridicule say PCS of the most mysterious number is"Pediatric reduction".According to the ministry of health adverse drug reaction monitoring center the latest data display:China Daily hundreds of people died from adverse drug,The children's 32%.How to prevent the occurrence of adverse reaction?The reporter interviewed.

现状：90%药品没儿童版孩子用药“基本靠掰” status:90% drug didn't children's version of the child medication"Basic depend to break"

　　日前，新华网发布《儿童用药“基本靠掰”儿童专用药为何奇缺？》的消息在网上引起家长们的热议。近年来，儿童专用药物频频被曝出问题，就连一度在儿童药物领域被广泛使用的儿童退烧药尼美舒利、儿童感冒药优卡丹等都相继被国家药监部门禁止在特定群体中使用。有专家指出目前我国儿童占总人口20%以上，但儿童药品紧缺，国内市场90%的药物都没有“儿童版”，多数是成人药的“减量版”，国内市场90%药品无适用于儿童的剂型。由于缺乏儿童专用药，医生经常面临无药可开的尴尬局面，而儿童用药普遍“成人化”，用药安全难保证。

a,Xinhuanet release[Medicine for children"Basic depend to break"Children ZhuanYongYao why famine?]News on the Internet cause parents hot debate.In recent years,Children have been special drugs to expose problems,Even once in children's drug field were widely used children antipyretic nimesulide/Children cold medicines such as optimal · are successively by the state department also banned in particular used in groups.Experts pointed out that at present our country children's total population 20%,But children drug shortage,The domestic market, 90% of the drug are not"Children's version",Most is adult medicine"Decrement edition",The domestic market 90% drug no suitable for children's dosage form.Due to the lack of ZhuanYongYao children,Doctors often face no medicine can open embarrassing situation,And children's medicine generally"ChengRenHua",Drug safety for difficult to guarantee.

　　“‘小儿酌减’是多大的量呢？”记者采访多名家长，他们均表示不知道“小儿酌减”到底如何减。于是，大多数家长给孩子用药也是“靠掰靠蒙”。南昌市民唐女士说，前不久，女儿高烧，到药店买了一些药，看说明说“儿童减半”，“怎么减半呢？只能瞎蒙了。”唐女士说。

"‘Pediatric reduction’How much is the amount of it?"Reporter interviewed more than parents,They all say they don't know"Pediatric reduction"Exactly how to reduce.so,Most of the parents give children use is also"By break by have".Nanchang citizens tang woman says,Not long ago,Daughter high fever,To the drug store to buy some medicine,See that said"Half children","How half??Can only blind have been."Ms tang said.

　　江西省儿童医院的护士也经常会碰到这种情况：医生给患儿配到这样的药，要求每次服用四分之一片，碰到小粒的药片，很难分开。好不容易切了个大概，孩子太小还无法吞服，得用水化开。孩子看了这一团自制药水怎么也不肯服下，真是为难了孩子、捉弄了家长、浪费了药品！

The children's hospital of jiangxi province nurses are often encounters this kind of situation:The doctor gave children match to this medicine,For each take a quarter tablet,Encounter little grains of tablets,It is difficult to separate.Very not easy to cut a probably,The child is too small also can't swallow,Have to hydration open.Children to see this one regiment self-made potions refused to take,Is really embarrassed the child/Played a trick on parents/Wasted drugs!

数据：不良用药致死事件儿童占32% data:Adverse drug lethal event children accounted for 32%

　　一名业内人士说，儿童药品临床经验缺乏、制药厂生产儿童药品利润低、报批难等都是儿童专用药匮乏的原因。据介绍，由于儿童药物利润较低，在研发、生产、销售等诸多环节缺少政策支持，这在很大程度上影响了药企的生产积极性。

A the personage inside course of study says,Children lack of drug clinical experience/Pharmaceutical factory produces children's drug low profit/The difficult in the examination and approval ZhuanYongYao children is the lack of reason.According to introducing,Because children drug less profit,In the research and development/production/Selling a lot of link such as lack of policy support,This in a great extent, influences the medicine enterprise's production enthusiasm.

　　由于儿童药物紧缺，国内市场90%的药物都没有“儿童版”。据卫生部药品不良反应监测中心数据显示：我国儿童用药不良反应率是12.9%，新生儿高达24.4%，而成人是6.9%，中国每天有数百人死于不良用药，其中儿童占32%。另一组来自官方的最新数据表明，国内每年约有3万孩子因用药不当致聋。南昌市药监局一名工作人员说，据中国聋儿康复中心统计，“我国7岁以下聋儿，超过30%是因药物过量造成的毒副作用所致。”

Because children drug shortage,The domestic market, 90% of the drug are not"Children's version".According to the ministry of health adverse drug reaction monitoring center data display:Children in our country medicine adverse reaction rate is 12.9%,Neonatal reaches as high as 24.4%,And adults are 6.9%,China Daily hundreds of people died from adverse drug,The children's 32%.Another group of the latest data show that from the official,The domestic each year about 30000 children because of improper use cause deafness.Nanchang city, the administration's a staff said,According to Chinese children rehabilitation center statistics,"Our country under the age of seven children,More than 30% for drug overdose caused by side effects."

　　“事实上儿童用药更加严格，不同年龄段的人用药都有不同要求。”专家介绍说，不同时期孩子对药物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄能力都不同，应该按体重、年龄或体表面积来综合换算，同时还要根据不同时期孩子特点和具体病情确定治疗方案。

"In fact children use more strictly,Different age paragraph the person drugs have different requirements."Experts say,Different period children on drug absorption/distribution/Metabolism and excretion ability is different,Should according to the weight/Age or body surface area to comprehensive conversion,Also according to the different period children characteristics and detailed illness determine treatment.

说法：儿童药剂短缺受困“一品两规” statement:Children's agent shortage under siege"Yipin two gauge"

　　其实，儿童用药短缺以及儿童药品不良反应成“重灾区”的问题，早就引起一些专家的关注，并且提出了一些解决办法。

In fact,Children's medicine shortages and children's adverse drug reaction into"Worst-hit areas"problems,Would have caused the attention of some experts,And put forward some solutions.

　　记者了解到，江西省儿童医院神经科主任、江西省政协委员钟建民就曾提过这类提案。钟建民认为，目前这种现状，与医药招标体制及“一品两规”制度的缺陷有关。“一品两规”是指医院在购入药品时，对于一个品种的药品，只能选择两个不同的规格或剂型，两种规格或剂型的药品，无法满足不同年龄阶段儿童用药的需求，而且存在一定的安全隐患。当前生产儿童药品的厂家相当少，儿童用药的安全性也缺乏保障，儿童用药受困于药品采购招标、“一品两规”和医保报销等制度限制，呼吁有关部门适当放宽处方政策，完善医药管理体制，同时鼓励更多药厂生产儿童用药，满足儿童用药需求，保障儿童用药安全。“可借鉴国外一些好的做法，对儿童专用药物或制剂的研制予以优先立项资助，在相关政策上给予倾斜。”他说，为了让儿童用药更安全，需要政府更大的支持，如生产儿童专用药的企业可以被政府认定为“高新技术企业”，享受相应的优惠政策，就有可能使之做大做强，甚至把江西建设成儿童专用药物的主要生产基地，进一步加速我省生物制药这一支柱产业集聚提升。

The reporter understands,The children's hospital of jiangxi province, director of the department of neurology/Jiangxi province political consultative conference (CPPCC) ZhongJianMin had mentioned this kind of proposal.ZhongJianMin think,At present the situation,And medicine bidding system and"Yipin two gauge"The defects of the system of."Yipin two gauge"Refers to the hospital in buying drugs,For a variety of drugs,Can only choose two different specifications or dosage form,Two specifications or dosage form drug,Unable to meet different age children use demand,And there are some potential safety problems.The current production of children's drug manufacturer is quite rare,The safety of medicine for children is also a lack of security,Medicine for children trapped in drug procurement bidding/"Yipin two gauge"And medical insurance reimbursement system limit,Called on relevant departments properly relaxed policy prescription,Perfect medical management system,At the same time encourage more children's medicine pharmaceutical factory production,Meet the children use demand,Protect the children's medication safety."Can foreign some good practices,On children's special drug or agent shall be the development of the priority project funding,In the related policy to tilt."He said,In order to let children use more secure,Need more government support,Such as production children ZhuanYongYao enterprise can be regarded as the government"High and new technology enterprise",Enjoy the corresponding preferential policies,It is possible to make bigger and stronger,Even the jiangxi construction into children's special drug of the main production base,Further accelerate biological pharmacy in our province the pillar industry agglomeration ascension.

提醒：缺儿童版药 遵医嘱更重要 remind:Lack of children's version of the drug as directed by a physician is more important

　　南昌市第一医院儿科刘主任说，很多药品成人使用不会有问题，儿童使用就出现问题。这并不是药品有什么问题，而是儿童的生理机能与成人不同。儿童药品不良反应比例高，一方面是儿童生理机能未成熟、儿童专用药较少有关，另一方面与不少家长中遵医嘱滥用药有关。

Nanchang city first hospital department of pediatrics, director liu said,Many drugs adult use won't have a problem,Children use problems.This is not to drug what's the problem,But children's physiological function and adult different.Children's adverse drug reaction ratio is high,On the one hand is children's physiological function immature/Children ZhuanYongYao less relevant,On the other hand, many parents and the follow the doctor's advice about drug abuse.

　　由于目前市场上儿童专用剂型并不多，临床上比较多的做法是将成人药按照儿童体重来计算给药剂量。但有些家长家里常备感冒药、肠胃药等药品。这些家长在孩子生病时，通常自作主张给孩子吃药。殊不知，这样的用药方法很可能会造成用药不对症、药品剂量过大或不足，或是联合用药时出现配伍禁忌和拮抗作用，从而引起药品不良反应。

Because children on the market at present special dosage form is not much,Clinical practice is more of the adult medicine according to children's weight to calculate drug dose.But some parents home permanent cold medicine/Intestines and stomach medicine and drugs.These parents in children is ill,Usually self-assertion give children to take medicine.Little imagine,This method is very drugs may cause drugs don't suit/Drug dose excessive or insufficient,Or combined treatment occurs when the incompatibility and antagonistic action,So as to cause adverse drug reaction.

　　刘主任建议，为了减少儿童用药不良反应的发生，建议家长遵循医嘱和药品说明书进行给药。同时，应根据病情和个体差异，合理选用药物，特别是不滥用抗生素类药物；所用药物品种宜少，严格按照说明书指示的剂量给药，联合用药应考虑药物间的相互作用。此外，对于中药复方，应了解复方制剂的组成，避免重复用药造成超剂量；注意小儿用药史或哺乳情况，按医嘱给小儿服药，注意观察疗效，并定期更换用药，不宜久服，发现不良反应应及时对症处理。(江南都市报 文/记者徐明)

Liu director suggests,In order to reduce the occurrence of children's medicine adverse reaction,Suggested that parents follow the doctor's advice and drug instructions to medicine.At the same time,Should be according to the illness and individual differences,Reasonable choice drug,Especially not abuse antibiotic drugs;The drugs should be few varieties,In strict accordance with the instruction of the dosage of medicine,Combined treatment should consider drug interactions.In addition,For Chinese herbal compound,Should understand the composition of compound preparation,Avoid repetition medication cause ultra dose;Pay attention to pediatric medical history or lactation situation,According to the doctor's advice to pediatric dose,Attention to the observation of curative effect,And change regularly use,Shoulds not be long suit,Find adverse reaction should cure in time.(Jiangnan metropolis daily text/reporter declining)