权威专家回应"甲状腺癌发病诱因"多种传言 Authoritative experts respond to"Thyroid cancer pathogenesis inducement"A variety of rumors

　　近日据媒体报道称，北京市甲状腺癌发病率近几年提升，甲状腺癌已成为北京增长最迅速的恶性肿瘤。这一消息引起网友对甲状腺癌的广泛关注。一段时间来，关于甲状腺癌发病率上升及致癌原因的各种疑问、猜测不断。近日有关部门及专家接受新华网《第一回应》栏目记者独家专访，回应网友担心的问题。

Recently, according to media reports say,Beijing thyroid cancer incidence of a disease in recent years ascension,Thyroid cancer has become the most rapidly growing Beijing malignant tumor.This sparked a net friend's attention for thyroid cancer.A period of time to,About thyroid cancer incidence rates and carcinogenic reason all kinds of questions/Guess continuously.Recently the relevant departments and experts accept xinhua net[First response]Reporter an exclusive interview with our column,Respond to users concerned about a problem.

　　

发病率上升原因何在？ Why a rise?

　　记者近日就媒体报道的北京市甲状腺癌发病率提升一事求证北京市卫生局，北京市卫生局给记者的正式回复中提到，数据显示，北京市甲状腺癌发病率由2001年2.70/10万增长至2010年8.78/10万，10年间增长225.2%，去除年龄因素影响后，年平均增长14.2%。其中北京市2010年甲状腺癌新发病例1099例，占恶性肿瘤的2.9%。女性甲状腺癌发病率上升尤为快，发病率由第10位上升至第5位。

Recently, reporters will media coverage of the Beijing thyroid cancer incidence by the municipal bureau of health promotion verification,The municipal bureau of health to reporters mentioned in formal reply,Data display,Beijing thyroid cancer incidence from 2001 2.70/10 growth to 2010 8.78/10,10 years increase of 225.2%,Remove age factors,Average annual growth of 14.2%.The Beijing 2010 new cases of thyroid carcinoma in 1099 cases,Accounted for 2.9% of malignant tumor.Women thyroid cancer incidence is rising fast,By the 10th spot incidence rose to fifth.

　　根据北京市肿瘤防治办公室向记者提供的统计数据显示，甲状腺癌多发于中青年，尤其是中青年女性较多。2010年男性甲状腺癌发病352例，发病率为4.00/10万；女性847例，男女性别比例为30：100。10年间，男性甲状腺癌在恶性肿瘤发病顺位中变化不明显；女性甲状腺癌发病率则由2001年的4.21/10万上升至2010年的13.59/10万，增长223.8%，女性甲状腺癌高于男性，上升速度较快。

According to the Beijing office of cancer prevention and control to the reporter to the statistical data which provided display,Thyroid cancer happens in young and middle-aged,Especially young and middle-aged women more.In 2010, 352 cases of thyroid cancer pathogenesis men,Incidence was 4.00/10;Women in 847 cases,Sex ratio for 30:100.10 years,Men of the thyroid carcinoma in malignant tumor in the sequence does not change significantly;Women thyroid cancer incidence of a disease is composed of 2001 years of 4.21/10 rose to 2010 years of 13.59/10,Growth of 223.8%,Women thyroid cancer than men,Rise faster.

　　

相关消息在网上引起广泛关注，很多网友疑问，十年间为何发病率提升如此明显，原因究竟是什么？ In related news online aroused widespread concern,Many netizens question,Ten years incidence why ascension so obvious,What reason is what?

　　北京市肿瘤医院头颈外科主任、甲状腺癌治疗专家张乃嵩接受新华网记者采访时表示：“甲状腺癌发病率增高原因之一，主要源于现在医学影像检查技术的进步，提高了微小癌的检出率，现在运用超声影像技术0.3cm至0.5cm左右都可以看清楚，因此可及时作出诊断，更早发现甲状腺癌患者。”

Beijing cancer hospital, director of the head and neck surgery/Thyroid cancer treatment experts ZhangNaiSong accept xinhuanet reporter to interview said:"Thyroid cancer incidence one reason,Mainly comes from now medical imaging technology progress,Improve the tiny cancer detection rate,Now using the ultrasonic imaging techniques 0.3 cm and 0.5 cm can see clearly,So can timely diagnosis,Earlier found that patients with thyroid cancer."

　　张乃嵩介绍，据临床观察看，目前甲状腺癌发病率高主要类型是甲状腺乳头状癌、尤其是甲状腺微小癌乳头状癌(通常指1厘米以下甲状腺癌)，近些年微小癌的发病比例明显增高。

ZhangNaiSong introduced,According to clinical observation to see,At present the high rate of thyroid cancer main type is thyroid papillary carcinoma/Especially tiny papillary carcinoma of thyroid carcinoma(Usually refers to 1 cm the following thyroid carcinoma),In recent years small cancer proportion increased obviously.

　　有媒体报道，上海市在临床中也发现患甲状腺疾病病人增多的现象。张乃嵩说，2012年10月19日在昆明举行的第五届全国甲状腺肿瘤会议上，上海肿瘤医院公布微小癌占比为近50%。因此医学影像技术的进步对于微小癌的检出率高，也可能是甲状腺癌发布率增高因素之一。

Media reports,Shanghai in the clinical also found with thyroid disease patients increased phenomenon.ZhangNaiSong said,On October 19, 2012 held in kunming the fifth national thyroid tumor meeting,Shanghai tumour hospital announced tiny cancer than to account for nearly 50%.So the progress of medical imaging technology for tiny cancer high detection rate,May also be release rate increased thyroid carcinoma is one of the factors.

　　北京市卫生局宣传处相关负责人给记者的书面回复中提到，北京市卫生局副局长雷海潮认为体检的普及和体检中甲状腺超声的广泛引用，发现了更多的甲状腺癌患者。

The relevant person in charge of the municipal bureau of health propaganda division to reporter mentioned in the written reply,The municipal bureau of health, deputy chief of the popularization of medical LeiHaiChao think and physical examination thyroid ultrasonic widely quoted,Found more thyroid cancer patients.

　　关于女性甲状腺癌发病率增高原因，张乃嵩解释：“从甲状腺癌发病的男女性别比例看，现在与过去相比男女比例基本无太大变化。女性甲状腺癌发病率一直高于男性。而这可能与女性激素分泌有关，尤其生育期女性，因分化甲状腺癌大多发生在生育期的女性。”

About women thyroid cancer incidence reason,ZhangNaiSong explain:"From thyroid cancer pathogenesis of men and women sex ratio to see,Now, compared with the past the proportion of men to women basic do not have too big change.Women thyroid cancer incidence of a disease has been higher than male.And this may be related with the female hormone secretion,Especially women growth period,Because of the differentiated thyroid cancer occurs mostly in growth period of women."

　　“甲状腺癌发病率高现已成为世界各国普遍存在的问题，流行病学目前对甲状腺癌发病率提升的原因还没有具体的研究与明确结论。”张乃嵩说。

"The high rate of thyroid cancer has now become the world common problems,Epidemiology at present for thyroid cancer incidence ascending the reason has no specific research and a clear conclusion."ZhangNaiSong said.

　　

电离辐射是否为致癌根源？ Ionizing radiation whether for carcinogenic root?

　　到底什么原因导致了甲状腺癌发病率上升？网上各种传言不断，网友纷纷猜测可能诱发甲状腺癌各种原因，辐射等都成为网友猜测之一。那么，辐射等是否真的会诱发甲状腺癌？记者为此采访了中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学研究所相关专家。

What caused the thyroid cancer incidence of a disease is on the rise?Online all kinds of rumors constantly,Netizens have guess may be induced thyroid carcinoma of all sorts of reasons,Radiation become one of net friend guess.so,Radiation are really induced thyroid carcinoma?This reporter interviewed Chinese centers for disease control and prevention of radiation protection and nuclear safety institute of medicine relevant experts.

　　原中国疾控中心辐射防护与核安全医学研究所所长、研究员王作元教授告诉记者：“判断甲状腺癌是不是由辐射引起的，必须要有科学的依据，只笼统的讲辐射是甲状腺癌增加的原因之一有些牵强。”

The China CDC radiation protection and nuclear safety medical institute director/The researchers WangZuoYuan professor told reporters:"Judge thyroid cancer is caused by radiation,Must have scientific basis,Only general speaking radiation is one of the reasons for the increase of thyroid carcinoma some far-fetched."

　　王作元教授介绍，辐射分为电离辐射与非电离辐射。诸如α、X线辐射等属于电离辐射，而电脑、手机、微波、激光等属于非电离辐射。

WangZuoYuan introduced professor,Radiation is divided into ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.α such as/X-ray radiation and belong to ionizing radiation,The computer/Mobile phone/microwave/Laser and belong to non-ionizing radiation.

　　“目前国际上的说法是电离辐射可以引起癌症，甲状腺癌是癌症的一种，说电离辐射是原因之一也不错，但要具体分析。我认为北京市甲状腺癌发病率的增加主要是由于检测、诊断技术的进步。我同意上述专家的观点。如认为是电离辐射造成的，要给出碘-131(I-131)用量增加的数据。”王作元说。

"The international says ionizing radiation can cause cancer,Thyroid carcinoma is a kind of cancer,Said ionizing radiation is one reason why pretty good also,But to a concrete analysis.I think Beijing thyroid cancer incidence of a disease is mainly due to the increase of detection/The progress of the diagnosis technology.I agree to the above expert's viewpoint.If think is caused by ionizing radiation,To give iodine - 131(I - 131.)Increased use of data."WangZuoYuan said.

　　据了解，元素碘是一种放射性同位素，为人工放射性核素(核裂变产物)，在医院做CT检查时有时会先注射一定剂量的碘-131，才能对疾病检查更清楚。

It is understood,Element iodine is a radioactive isotope,For artificial radioactive nuclide(Nuclear fission product),In the hospital do CT examination will have to inject a certain dose of iodine - 131,To check the disease more clearly.

　　王作元教授告诉记者：“电离辐射对人体健康造成的影响，可分为随机效应和非随机效应两类。随机效应是指人体接受超过剂量阈值的剂量后，很快就会发生的反应，如呕吐、掉头发、乏力、白细胞数降低、牙龈出血等等，严重可导致死亡。非随机效应主要是指癌症发病率的增加，即任何小剂量的照射都会引起癌症发病率的增加，不同癌症发病时间不会相同。甲状腺癌是癌症的一种。电离辐射引起甲状腺癌主要是甲状腺吸收放射性碘核素造成的。如果放射性碘用量没有增加，那么由辐射诱发的甲状腺癌发病率怎么会增加呢？”

WangZuoYuan professor told reporters:"Ionization radiation on human health caused by the impact,Can be divided into random effect and the random effect two kinds.Random effect refers to the human body to accept more than dose threshold doses,Will soon occur reaction,Such as vomiting/Hair loss/Lack of power/Leucocyte number reduce/Gingival bleeding, etc,Serious can cause death.The random effect is mainly refers to the increase of the incidence of cancer,That is no small doses of radiation can cause the increase of the incidence of cancer,Different cancer time never be the same.Thyroid carcinoma is a kind of cancer.Ionizing radiation cause thyroid cancer is mainly thyroid absorption radioactive iodine nuclide cause.If radioactive iodine amount did not increase,So by radiation induced thyroid cancer incidence of a disease how can increase?"

　　“在电离辐射致癌研究中，电离辐射致癌概率是每希沃特(辐射剂量单位)可以使癌症发病率增加5.5%。世界平均每人每年接受医学照射剂量为0.3个毫希沃特，这可使癌症发病机率增加百万分之七，这数字是很小的。甲状腺癌仅是癌症的一种，增加的概率就更小了。”王作元教授说。

"In ionizing radiation in cancer research,Ionizing radiation carcinogenic probability is every and walter(Radiation dose unit)Can make cancer incidence increased by 5.5%.The world's average per person per year receive medical exposure dose for 0.3 milli and walter,This can make cancer probability increased seven over one million,This figure is very small.Thyroid cancer is only a kind of cancer,Increased probability is smaller."WangZuoYuan professor says.

　　很多网友关心，如果到医院做相关检查是否就意味着患病的机率有所增加，王作元教授介绍：“我国对医院X射线照射量有明确防护规定，到医院进行一次X检查所受电离辐射剂量比乘坐一次飞机还小，而乘坐一次飞机的辐射剂量也不到一毫希沃特。”

Many netizens care,If had to go to the hospital to do relevant check whether means that the risk of illness has increased,WangZuoYuan introduced professor:"Our country to hospital X-ray exposure have a clear protective regulations,To the hospital for a X inspection by ionizing radiation dose than take a plane is small,And take an airplane radiation dose is also less than ten cents and walter."

　　记者查阅我国《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》后发现，关于辐射照射量本标准规定，公众的年有效剂量限值为1毫西弗(mSv)；在特殊情况下，如果5个连续年的年平均剂量不超过1mSv/a，则某一单年份的有效剂量不超过5mSv；同时对眼晶体和皮肤的年当量剂量也做了限值，分别为15mSv和50mSv。本标准还规定对患者的慰问者所受的照射加以约束，使他们在患者诊断或治疗期间所受的剂量不超过5mSv。

Reporters access to our country[Ionizing radiation protection and safety of radiation sources basic standard]Found after,About radiation exposure this standard,Public years effective dose limit value is 1 milli sepher)(mSv);Under special circumstances,If five consecutive years of average annual dose not more than 1 MSV/a,Is a single year effective dose not more than 5 MSV;At the same time to eye skin crystal and the equivalent dose also did limit value,15 respectively MSV and 50 MSV.This international standard also provides to the patient's comforter by exposure to constraint,Make them in the patients during the diagnosis or treatment by dose not more than 5 MSV.

　　

电子产品大量使用是否致癌？ The use of electronic products is carcinogenic?

　　随着社会与科技发展，人们日常生活中越来越离不开电脑、手机、微波炉等电子产品。有网友猜测，近些年甲状腺癌发病率提升是否也与电子产品的辐射有关。在记者的多方采访中也了解到，近期不少网友打电话到卫生部门咨询，“会否因微波炉、高压线等造成甲状腺癌？”

Along with the society and the development of science and technology,People's Daily life more and more cannot leave computer/Mobile phone/Microwave ovens and other electronic products.Netizens to guess,In recent years thyroid cancer incidence is ascension with the electronic product radiation relevant.With the reporter's many interview also know that,Recently many netizens call the department of health consultation,"Will be refreshed by microwave oven/High tension line caused by such as thyroid carcinoma?"

　　王作元教授对此表示：“电话、手机、广播、高压电线、微波炉等是电磁辐射，属于非电离辐射范畴。目前对于非电离辐射远没有电离辐射研究透彻。非电离辐射对人体健康的影响目前尚无定论。”

WangZuoYuan professor expressed:"telephone/Mobile phone/broadcast/High pressure wire/Microwave ovens is electromagnetic radiation,Belong to non-ionizing radiation category.At present for non-ionizing radiation far from ionizing radiation research thoroughly.Non-ionizing radiation effects on human health has not been determined."

　　“日常生活中对电离辐射防护知识的普及很重要。儿童与孕妇尽量不要接受电离辐射照射。”王作元教授说，“平时在室内多开窗通风对降低室内氡气(在大气中存在的一种有毒放射性核素)的照射很有必要，对电离辐射防护也有很好作用。”。

"In the daily life of ionization radiation protection the popularization of knowledge is very important.Children and pregnant women try not to accept ionization radiation exposure."WangZuoYuan professor says,"At ordinary times more in indoor ventilation window to reduce indoor radon(In the atmosphere is a toxic radioactive nuclide)The exposure is necessary,To ionizing radiation protection also have very good effect.".

　　张乃嵩也认为，放射线是甲状腺癌的致病因素之一，特别是婴幼儿应尽量少接触放射线或远离放射性物质。

ZhangNaiSong also think,Radiation is thyroid carcinoma is one of the pathogenic factors,Especially in infants and young children should as far as possible little contact radiation or away from radioactive substances.

　　另外，此前曾有网友称，吃加碘盐是造成甲状腺癌的主要原因。北京协和医院内分泌科教授戴为信在接受媒体采访时表示，从严格定义来讲，我国绝大多数人应该食用碘盐，因为碘盐里面的碘是微量的，是一个基本量。目前并没有相关证据表明过量食用加碘盐与甲状腺疾病有直接关系。

In addition,There hae been net friend said,Eat iodized salt is the main reason for the cause of thyroid carcinoma.Beijing union medical college hospital endocrinology professor wear for letter, when being interviewed by the media said,Will tell from strict definition,Our country most people should eat iodate,Because iodate inside of iodine is the trace,Is a basic quantity.There is no evidence shows that excessive edible iodized salt and thyroid disease has a direct relationship.

　　

专家提醒公众无需过度忧虑 Experts remind the public without worries too much

　　张乃嵩告诉记者，除了放射线以外，甲状腺癌可能与遗传、环境、碘代谢等因素有关。但是具体的原因仍然需要等待进一步研究证实。

ZhangNaiSong told reporters,In addition to outside radiation,Thyroid cancer may and genetic/environment/The other factors, such as iodine metabolism.But the specific reason still need to wait for further study confirmed.

　　“虽然甲状腺癌发病率在提升，各种有关甲状腺致癌的因素猜测不断，但公众也没必要过度忧虑，甲状腺癌治愈率在90%以上，基本是早期发现。只要经过正规治疗、及时处理，一般一次性就可以治疗好。而健康的生活方式与健康的心理是拥有一个健康身体至关重要的因素。”张乃嵩说。

"Although thyroid cancer incidence of a disease in ascension,Various relevant factors of thyroid cancer speculation constantly,But the public didn't be necessary to worries too much,Thyroid cancer cure rate in more than 90%,Basic is early detection.As long as after regular treatment/Timely treatment,General one-time can cure.And healthy way of life and healthy psychology is to have a healthy body is important factor."ZhangNaiSong said.

　　北京市卫生局副局长雷海潮认为，发现甲状腺肿物的患者应及时到具有诊疗能力的医院检查，专科医师和超声的检查，可基本确认80%左右的甲状腺癌患者。必要时，还可进行甲状腺肿物穿侧，做病理检查来确诊。经过规范治疗的患者预后较好，45岁以下非晚期甲状腺癌患者，20年生存率可达到85%-90%，治疗效果较好。(新华网记者 李莹)

Deputy director of the municipal bureau of health LeiHaiChao think,Found that thyroid neoplasm of the patients should be in time to have the ability of diagnosis and treatment hospital inspection,Specialist and ultrasonic inspection,It can basically confirmed that 80% of patients with thyroid cancer.When necessary,But also for thyroid neoplasm wear side,Do pathologic examination to diagnose.After standard therapy of the patients prognosis is good,Under the age of 45 patients with thyroid cancer is not late,20 years of survival rate can reach 85% 90%,Treatment effect is good.(Xinhuanet reporter LiYing)