赵飞虹北京保护健康协会健康饮用水专业委员会负责人。 Net zhao feihong Beijing health protection association of professional committee of the healthy drinking water.

　　

傅涛 清华大学环境学院环保产业研究所所长、水业政策研究中心主任，中国水网顾问、总编。 FuTao environmental protection industry research institute of tsinghua university college of environmental science/Water sector, director of the center for policy research,China new consultant/The editor in chief.

　　

马军哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院副院长，从事受污染饮用水源水处理、水深度处理等领域研究，市政供水工艺技术、饮用水水质安全技术与管理。 Ma jun, vice President of the municipal environmental engineering institute, Harbin industrial university,Engaged in contaminated drinking water sources in water treatment/Water depth treatment, etc,Municipal water supply technology/Drinking water safety technology and management.

　　昨天，不少市民对北京市自来水集团的“水质全国最好说”提出质疑，专家认为，北京自来水达标率确实全国领先，民众的不信任缘于缺乏公开和第三方检测，建议建立有效的沟通机制。

yesterday,Many citizens in Beijing water group"Water quality of the best said"questioned,Experts say,Beijing water success rate is the lead,Public distrust of due to a lack of openness and the third party inspection,Proposal to establish an effective communication mechanism.

　　针对大家最关心的喝什么水健康问题，专家提出，喝开水安全，喝矿泉水健康，国家保证的是饮水总体安全，个人可有多样化的选择。

According to everybody's most concerned about the drinking water health problems,Experts put forward,Drinking water safety,Drinking water health,The state to guarantee the safety of the drinking water is the overall,Individuals can have a variety of choice.

　　

□专家观点 - expert opinion

　　

别喝一种水经常换一换 Don't drink a water often change

　　赵飞虹提到，她上世纪90年代曾去美国，发现一些相关领域的专家大部分也都不喝自来水，而去超市买瓶装水喝。她说，现在美国的朋友家里很多都买了净水装置，二次加工后再喝自来水。

Net zhao feihong mentioned,She went to the United States in the 1990 s,Find some relevant experts in the field of most are not drink tap water,And go to the supermarket to buy bottled water to drink.She said,Now the United States a lot of friends at home have bought water purification device,Secondary processing after drinking tap water.

　　“喝水就跟吃饭一样，不要就喝一种水。”马军打比方说，一个人要膳食均衡，各种蔬菜水果都吃，喝水也一样，如果在家、在办公室都喝一个牌子的桶装水，且长期只喝一种水，就要谨慎，最好是几种水换着喝。

"Water just like eating,Don't drink a water."Ma jun example,A person want to balanced diet,All sorts of fruits and vegetables to eat,Water is the same,If at home/Drink in the office a brand of bottled water,And only drink a water for a long time,Will be careful,It is better to change to drink some water.

　　马军表示，一个人一天比较适宜的饮水量是2-3升。他认为，都喝瓶装水没有那么大的必要，且瓶装水也不能保障绝对安全。

Ma said,One day suitable amount of drinking water is 2-3 liters.He thought that,Drink bottled water does not need to be so big,And bottled water cannot guarantee absolutely safe.

　　

白开水安全矿泉水健康 Plain boiled water safety mineral water

　　“我认为水是最便宜的保健品，一个月花费千余元，喝好一些是值得的。”赵飞虹表示，自己20年来不喝自来水，是个人生活和消费方式的选择，就好比有人花钱买保健品。

"I think water is the cheapest,Cost more than thousand yuan a month,Drink is better."Net zhao feihong said,His 20 years don't drink tap water,Is the choice of the ways of consumption and personal life,Is just like some people to buy health care products.

　　赵飞虹强调，无论国内还是国外，所有自来水的水质标准都基于安全的基础，符合标准就是安全的，选择喝瓶装水是为了更健康。

Net zhao feihong stressed,Whether domestic or abroad,All the tap water quality standards are based on the foundation of safety,Accord with a standard is safe,Choose drink bottled water in order to more healthy.

　　她表示，很多国人没认识到水和生命之间的关系，大概80%的人每日饮水量不足，水是我们七大营养素的基础，如果没有水，所有代谢都停止，但很多中国人都觉得水就是解渴，其他功能被长期忽略。此外，赵飞虹认为，优质矿泉水是稀缺资源，饮用就存在费用问题。喝白开水是安全的，但喝优质的矿泉水更健康。

She says,A lot of people don't realize the relationship between water and life,About 80% of the people daily drinking water quantity,Water is the basis of our seven nutrients,If there is no water,Stop all metabolism,But many Chinese people think water is quench thirst,Other functions has been ignored for a long time.In addition,Net zhao feihong think,High quality mineral water is scarce resources,Drinking and cost problems.Drink plain boiled water is safe,But drink high-quality mineral water more health.

　　

絮状物无害煮一下就好 Flocculating harmless cook just good

　　赵飞虹介绍，北京水中确实含有大量丰富的钙镁离子，产生絮状物等，这些对人体无害。

Net zhao feihong introduced,Beijing water really contains a lot of rich calcium magnesium ions,Produce flocculating, etc,These harmless to the human body.

　　从提高口感的角度，简单的可以煮水时在开水壶里放块纱布、丝瓜筋等，过段时间更换，也可买净水器，里面都含活性炭，也要定期更换。各种过滤器可根据自己的需求买，但都存在二次污染的问题，所以一定要定期更换、清洗、消毒，频率根据家里的水质情况和用水量而定。

From the Angle of improving taste,Simple can boil water in KaiShuiHu put sponge/Towel gourd reinforcement, etc,Change over time,Also can buy a water filter,In all of activated carbon,Will be replaced periodically.All kinds of filters according to your own needs to buy,But there is the problem of secondary pollution,So must be replaced on a regular basis/cleaning/disinfection,Frequency according to the water quality situation of home and water consumption.

　　

□用水答疑 - water answering questions

　　针对市民关心的饮水问题，赵飞虹在网络访谈和电话采访中一一作答。

In view of the people concerned about drinking water problems,Net zhao feihong in network interview and telephone interview in an answer.

　　问：什么水最适合长期饮用？

q:What is most suitable for drinking water?

　　答：矿化度适中的天然矿泉水，比较适合长期饮用。

answer:Moderate salinity of natural mineral water,Is suitable for drinking for a long time.

　　问：自来水有什么是不安全的？

q:Tap water is not safe?

　　答：自来水中存在的消毒副产物，可能对人的健康有一定影响。活性炭是去除消毒副产物最好的办法。

answer:Disinfection by-products in tap water,May have a certain influence to the health of people.Activated carbon is the best way to get rid of disinfection by-products.

　　问：北京的自来水刚刚被接出来以后有一股氯气的味道，是正常的吗？

q:The tap water in Beijing just was taken out after a smell of chlorine gas,It is normal??

　　答：自来水加氯是为了保证自来水的卫生学的安全，避免微生物污染，避免传染性疾病的流行，应该说有氯味是安全的，而且氯是无毒的，对人体无害。但氯容易跟水中有机物结合，形成消毒副产物。

answer:Tap water chlorine in order to ensure the safety of water hygiene,Avoid microbial contamination,Avoid the prevalence of infectious diseases,Should say have chlorine taste is safe,Is non-toxic and chlorine,Harmless to human body.But of chlorine with organic matter in water easily,Formation of disinfection by-products.

　　问：水质较硬会引发结石吗？

q:Water quality is hard will result in the stone?

　　答：饮水量不足容易得肾结石，水中缺少钙镁离子也容易患肾结石，但是胆结石与水无关。

answer:Drinking water is enough to have kidney stones,Water lack of calcium and magnesium ions is also likely to develop kidney stones,But gallstones has nothing to do with water.

　　问：市面上的净水器有用吗？多久更换、清洗一次最好？

q:On the market of water purifiers useful?How long to replace/Cleaning a best?

　　答：自来水经过过滤安全性提高了，但要注意净水器的二次污染问题，净水器要及时更换和清洗。净水器前端过滤器要根据使用的水量和水质而定，一般pp面一个月更换一次，活性炭两个月更换一次。

answer:Tap water filtered to improve safety,But must pay attention to the water problem of secondary pollution,Water purifiers to change in time and clean.Water purifiers front filter according to the use of water and water quality,General pp surface change once a month,Activated carbon replaced every two months.

　　问：纯净水能长期饮用吗？

q:Pure water to drink for a long time?

　　答：纯净水把有害物质过滤的同时，也去除了钾、钙、镁、铁、锶、锌等人体必需的矿物元素，因此大量饮用纯净水，将导致体内营养状态失去平衡，因此纯净水不宜作为日常饮用水长期饮用，特别是老人和小孩。

answer:Pure water filter the harmful substances at the same time,Also removed k/calcium/magnesium/iron/strontium/Zinc and other minerals in the human body essential elements,So a large number of drinking pure water,Will lead to the body nutrition balance,So pure water should not be as a daily drinking water drinking for a long time,Especially the elderly and children.

　　问：瓶装水怎么挑选？

q:Bottled water how to choose?

　　答：瓶装水的性质主要看两个，比自来水更健康、更便利。现在有人炒作，一些高档水定价很高，但并不是越贵的水就越好。选用时注意看标签，水源决定水质，如果水源地位于偏远山区、自然保护区、高海拔冰川等，相对比较好。

answer:The nature of the bottled water mainly two,More healthy than tap water/More convenient.Now someone hype,Some high-grade water pricing is very high,But not the more expensive the water is better.When look at the label,Water to water,If the source is located in remote mountainous area/Nature reserve/High-altitude glaciers, etc,Relatively good.

　

　□疑问 - question

　　自夸水最好市民存疑问 Boast water best citizens with questions

　　北京自来水集团新闻发言人梁丽曾表示，北京的自来水是国内最好、最高标准的水。

Beijing water group spokesman LiangLiCeng said,The tap water in Beijing is the best/The highest standards of water.

　　市民郝云刚对此不认同，昨天他在微博上贴出一张照片，称包在自来水龙头上的纱布十天半个月后，就满是污垢、碎屑和泥沙。“如果输水管线有问题，有污染，大家怎能放心喝？”“别老检查自来水厂的，你得到百姓家里检查才算数！”微博上，网友纷纷发表观点。

Citizens HaoYunGang disagree about this,Yesterday he put up a photo in micro bo,Says wrapped in gauze ten days on the water tap after half month,It is full of dirt/Debris and sediment."If delivery has a problem,There is pollution,You can rest assured to drink?""Don't check the waterworks,You get home check people to count!"On the micro bo,The net friend have been published.

　　

□答疑 - answering questions

　　水厂技术领先存在二次污染 Water leading technology in secondary pollution

　　傅涛认为，全国各地原水水质都在下降，北京水质也有所下降。在自来水厂净化处理上，北京做得相当好，深度处理厂全国最多，技术领先。但北京的运输管网尚有差距，二次污染及管理方面处全国中游以上水平。在特大型城市里，北京自来水的达标率值得骄傲，但这是相对而言。

FuTao think,Original water all over the country are in decline,Beijing water also fell.On the water purification processing plant,Beijing did fairly well,Depth treatment the most,Leading technology.But the transportation network in Beijing, there are the gap,Secondary pollution and management in the middle reaches the level.In large cities,Beijing success rate to be proud of tap water,But this is relatively.

　　马军认为，从北京的水讲，硬度是影响口感的主要指标，380mg/L和420mg/L的标准比较接近国标450mg/L，但这个指标要降低是很难的，需投入非常大的成本。硬度太高影响使用，太低对心脑血管不好，作为城市供水，很难掌握到完全适中。而从理论上说，中等硬度的水对人体比较适宜，即硬度为200mg/L左右的水。

Ma think,The water from Beijing,Hardness is the major indexes of the palate,380 mg/L and 420 mg/L are closer to the standard gb 450 mg/L,But the index is difficult to reduce,Need to the cost of the investment is very big.High hardness affect use,Low cardioascular is bad,As urban water supply,It is very difficult to master completely moderate.And in theory,Medium hardness of the water to the human body is appropriate,The hardness of water about 200 mg/L.

　　

公开程度不够可第三方介入 Open enough to third party intervention

　　傅涛认为，供水是公共服务，居民当有知情权，但长期的垄断经营，行业的改革并没有完全到位，因为沟通不够，造成社会上的误解，做得好的也被认为不好，确实做得不好的被隐瞒了。

FuTao think,Water supply is a public service,Residents when have a right to know,But long-term monopoly business,The reform of the industry and not fully in place,Because communication is not enough,Caused by the misunderstanding of the society,Do good is also believed to bad,Really do it bad been hidden.

　　傅涛提到，本月，北京的水质监测42项指标终于要公开了，但公开程度还远远不够。不仅是水质，还有服务，比如水压、换表、管道功率、官网更新、水源地信息，与水服务相关的指标都应陆续公布。

FuTao mentioned,This month,Beijing's water quality monitoring and indexes was open at last,But the public is still far from enough.Is not only the water quality,And service,Such as water pressure/In table/Pipe power/Website update/The source of information,Related to the water service indicators should be published in succession.

　　国际上有绩效评价体系来评价供水服务，包括客户满意度。

International on the performance evaluation system to evaluate water supply services,Including the customer satisfaction.

　　傅涛建议，水质监测体系和公开体系应该考虑第三方力量。可让具备检测能力的，如大学实验室、卫生检测机构等作为第三方参与检测水质。

FuTao Suggestions,Water quality monitoring system and the open system should consider the third party.Can make detection ability,Such as the university laboratory/Health detection institutions such as the third party to participate in the test water quality.

　　马军认为，水质的提高要靠综合系统，不能把压力都放在水厂，比如严格保护水源地，不允许养殖、排污，尤其要严格保护地下水，公众要有安全保护意识和参与意识。

Ma think,The improvement of water quality depends on the comprehensive system,Don't put all the pressure in water,Such as strict protection of water source,Don't allow breeding/emission,Especially strict protection of groundwater,The public to have a security awareness and participation.

　　

□官方表态 - the official statement

　　老旧小区将换供水管 The old village will change water supply

　　针对市民对水龙头出水杂质多、不好喝等问题，北京市水务局供水处处长胡波介绍，因房屋建成年代不同，输水管道的标准也在调整。1999年以前的标准相对低，没对户内管道有涂层要求，所以一些老楼自来水管时间长了，会有锈蚀情况，并脱落杂质，从水龙头流出。

For citizens of the tap water impurities/Bad to drink, and so on,Water supply in Beijing water authority HuBo is introduced,Because of the different houses built s,The standard of the pipes also is adjusted.1999 years ago the standards is relatively low,Not for indoor pipeline coating requirements,So some old building long water pipe,There will be rust,And off impurities,From the faucet.

　　他介绍，这部分管道的改造涉及产权问题，按照北京市城市供水管理办法，自来水集团责任范围在计费总表计以外，计费水管以内包括厨房水管等按产权划分，由物业或房管部门管理。未来三至五年，北京在老旧小区改造中，旧供水管道会一并更换。

He introduced,This part of the pipeline concerning the reform of property rights,In accordance with the measures for the administration of the urban water supply in Beijing,Tap water group responsibility scope in billing total meter,Billing pipes within such as kitchen conduit according to the property,By the property or janitorial services management.The next three to five years,Reform of the old district of Beijing,Old water supply pipeline will replace.

　　胡波介绍，根据北京市供水压力，6层以上的高楼层一般需要二次供水，就有可能存在二次污染，当这部分出现问题时，可向物业管理公司和卫生监督部门反映。

HuBo introduced,According to the Beijing municipal water supply pressure,6 layers above the high floor of general need secondary water supply,There is potential secondary pollution,When there is a problem in this part,To the property management company and health supervision department.

　

　水硬问题两年后改观 Water hard question two years later

　　胡波介绍，北京有22个水源地，东南西北四个方向基本都有，经水厂处理后进入全市连通的大管网相混合，因此各个水源地的水市民都在使用，只是因为压力原因，离哪个水厂近，这个水厂的水会多一些。

HuBo introduced,Beijing has 22 water source,The southeast northwest basic there are four directions,After dealing with water in the city is mixed with large network connectivity,So every water source water citizens in use,Just because of stress,Near which waterworks,The water of water will be more.

　　他表示，北京的水硬是客观存在的，南城和北城之间也存在水的硬度差异，给观感和口感上带来差异，但两年后这一状况有望有大的改善。2014年南水北调工程的水源到北京后，将逐步减少地下水供水量，整个管网水的硬度会有大幅度下降，水质特别是硬度会让居民感觉有大的变化。

He said,Beijing just in the water,There exist the hardness of water differences between Beijing and site,Bring perception and taste the difference,But two years later the situation is expected to be a great improvement.After the south-to-north water transfer project of water supply to Beijing in 2014,Will gradually reduce groundwater water supply,The pipeline network of water hardness will be dropped dramatically,Water quality, especially the hardness will let people feel a big change.

　　本版采写本报记者商西

Benban titled west our reporter