饥饿被作为一种负面的情绪而被普遍认识，但事实上针对饥饿的大量研究表明，饥饿并不是一无是处。全世界四分之一的人口感染有肠胃寄生虫。感染了寄生虫之后，人们通常会食欲不振，日渐消瘦。据曼彻斯特大学的最新研究，体重下降其实就是免疫系统与寄生虫作战的小“诡计”，能够帮助机体更快地排出寄生虫。

Hunger is as a kind of negative emotions and is generally known,But in fact according to a large number of studies show that hunger,Hunger is not good for nothing.A quarter of the population all over the world have been infected with the parasite intestines and stomach.Infected with the parasite later,People usually loss of appetite,thinner.According to the latest research of the university of Manchester,Weight loss is actually the immune system fight with parasites small"trick",Can help the body faster discharge parasites.

　　战场 寄生虫“误闯”肠胃 Battlefield parasites"Error through"Intestines and stomach

　　一次偶然的发现引起了研究人员的兴趣。

A chance discovery caused the researchers' interest.

　　研究人员对一些志愿者进食之后的情况进行测试时发现，一名志愿者的胆囊收缩素水平比其他人高出非常多，胆囊收缩素的多少能控制进食量，胆囊收缩素高意味着机体将产生饱腹感，变得不想吃东西、食欲不振、体重变轻等各种状况。研究人员对他进行了进一步检查之后发现，原来这名男子最近度假时感染上了肠胃寄生虫。研究人员由此提出了猜想，让人饿肚子的胆囊收缩素水平和肠胃寄生虫之间是否存在某种潜在联系？

The researchers to some volunteers after eating the situation that test,A volunteer of cholecystokinin level higher than others very much,Cholecystokinin how many can controlling food intake,Cholecystokinin high means that the body will produce full abdomen feeling,Become don't feel like eating anything/appetite/Weight change light, etc. Various kinds of conditions.The researchers to further check after found,So this man on holiday in recently infected with the parasite intestines and stomach.The researchers thus puts forward the conjecture,Let people hungry belly of cholecystokinin level and intestines and stomach between parasites whether there are some potential contact?

　　武器 饿一饿“大败”寄生虫 Weapons hungry a hungry"cleaning"parasites

　　曼彻斯特大学免疫学小组和炎症修复研究所利用小白鼠做了研究。研究发现，感染旋毛形线虫(肠胃寄生虫的一种)的小白鼠，其免疫系统在对抗寄生虫这场“战役”中主要通过两大武器：胆囊收缩素和瘦素这两种免疫介质的相互配合。胆囊收缩素能控制进食量，减少进食、降低体重和脂肪储备。

University of Manchester immunology group and inflammation repair institute use mouse to do the research.The study found that,Infection trichinella(Intestines and stomach a parasite)Little mice,The immune system in the fight against parasites"campaign"Mainly through the two weapons:Cholecystokinin and leptin this two immune medium and cooperate with each other.Cholecystokinin can controlling food intake,Reduce eating/Reduce weight and fat reserves.

　　实验中感染寄生虫的小白鼠，其免疫系统的“军工厂”——辅助性T细胞会帮助制造更多的胆囊收缩素，其造成的饥饿引起连锁反应，脂肪减少导致脂肪产生的瘦素减少，而后者直接影响对来自寄生虫的刺激作出反应，帮助小鼠排出寄生虫。为检测瘦素的减少是否有益，研究人员人工恢复了感染小鼠体内的瘦素含量。而结果是，这样的小白鼠体内，免疫系统没有做出完美的“战术安排”，排出体内的寄生虫用了更久的时间。

In the experiment of mice infected with the parasite,The immune system"Arsenal"- supporting T cells will help to produce more cholecystokinin,The cause of hunger causes a chain reaction,Fat reduction in fat from the leptin reduce,While the latter directly influence the stimulation from parasites response,Help mice discharge parasites.To detect leptin reduce beneficial,The researchers artificial restored infected mice leptin content.And the result is,Such mice,The immune system didn't make perfect"tactics",The parasites from the body in a long time.

　　战果 人体对抗还是未知 Victory against human body or unknown

　　这项实验主要由曼彻斯特大学生命科学系的约翰·沃灵顿完成。沃灵顿说：“通常我们以为，体重减轻是由于免疫对抗病原不力而造成的。但是这项研究表明实际情况恰恰相反。免疫系统令体重减轻，从而帮助小鼠排出寄生虫，治好感染。”目前这项研究仅在小鼠身上得到了证实，具体到人类身体上还不清楚。

The experiment mainly by Manchester university life science John warrington finish.Warrington said:"We usually think,Weight loss is due to immunity against pathogens caused by the poor.But the research shows that the actual situation is just the opposite.The immune system to lose weight,To help mice discharge parasites,Cure infection."At present the study only in mice are confirmed,Specific to the human body is not clear.

　　不过沃灵顿认为，这项研究仍具有重要意义，它为我们提供了“肠道炎症时免疫系统和进食通路相互作用的新见解，可能帮助我们为众多肠道寄生虫感染患者找到新的治疗方法。”

But warrington think,The study still has important significance,It provides us with"Intestinal inflammation in the immune system and feeding channel interaction of new ideas,May help us for many intestinal parasite infection patients find new treatments."

　- “前传” - "prequel"

　　饥饿研究 Hunger research

　　饿一饿，告别忧郁气质 Hungry a hungry,Farewell melancholy temperament

　　当肚里空空如也的时候，胃就会产生大量的胃饥饿素，让人有饥肠辘辘的感觉，从而推动着人们去寻找食物。不过胃饥饿素的作用不只限于此。

When his stomach was empty,Stomach can produce a large number of ghrelin,Let a person have the feeling of hungry,So as to push people to search for food.But ghrelin role not only to this.

　　2008年7月一本科学杂志发布的一项研究结果，称较高水平的胃饥饿素具有抗抑郁的效果，其结果是能够让人快乐。

In July 2008, a science magazine published the results of a study,Say a higher level of ghrelin has antidepressant effect,The result is to make people happy.

　　为了更好理解胃饥饿素的作用，科学家利用不同方法来改变小鼠体内的胃饥饿素水平来观察它们的反应。

In order to better understand the role of ghrelin,The scientists used different methods to change the mice ghrelin level to observe their reaction.

　　科学家发现，胃饥饿素水平低的小鼠显得很抑郁忧伤。甚至将它们放进深水中，也丝毫不挣扎。

Scientists found that,Ghrelin level low mice appears very depressed sad.Even they are in deep waters,Also no struggle.

　　相比之下，那些体内胃饥饿素水平较高的小鼠，表现则截然不同。它们在深水中使劲儿地游泳，拼命挣扎要离开水面。它们热切地去探索新环境。此外，当有其他小鼠时，它们的“社交活动”也很频繁。

Compared with,The body ghrelin high levels of mice,Performance was different.They are in deep waters strain to swim,Struggling to get out of the water.They are keen to explore new environment.In addition,When there are other when mice,their"Social activities"Also very frequent.

　　科学家们认为，由饥饿诱导的这种快乐感，是人类进化产生的自我适应。其实很容易理解，人类幼儿时期，要想找到食物，特别是在野外获得食物，就必须要集中精力、保持头脑清晰以及和别人合作。如果饥饿让我们浑浑噩噩，那么我们早就成为别人的盘中餐了。为了避免成为别的物种的食物，胃饥饿素就促使我们集中精力来获取食物。

Scientists believe that,The hunger induced this kind of happiness,Is human evolution to produce self.Actually it is easy to understand,A human child period,If you want to find food,Especially in the field for food,You must concentrate on/Keep a clear mind and cooperation with others.If hungry let us ignorant,Then we would have become a on someone else's menu.In order to avoid becoming other species of food,Ghrelin has prompted us to focus on to get food.

　　饿一饿，记忆力更长久？ Hungry a hungry,Memory longer?

　　而在2008年《细胞代谢》期刊上发表的一项研究成果介绍，胃饥饿素不仅能抗抑郁，还能增强记忆力。

In 2008[Cell metabolism]Journals published the results of a study are introduced,Ghrelin can not only antidepressant,Still can enhance memory.

　　胃饥饿素让人饥不择食已是不争的事实，当饿着肚皮去超市时，所有的食物看起来都那么诱人。不过加拿大蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学神经病学家达格赫所作的研究则表明，胃饥饿素不仅让食物更诱人，而且提高了我们注意食物的能力和记住它们的能力。

Ghrelin let a person beggars cannot be choosers is tangible,When hungry belly when go to the supermarket,All the food looks so inviting.But Canada Montreal McGill university neurologist christs Hector research indicates that,Ghrelin not only make the food more attractive,But also improve our attention food ability and the ability to remember them.

　　达格赫说：“当胃饥饿素处于较高水平时，人们能够更好地回忆起食物照片。”不过究竟胃饥饿素是能够普遍地提升记忆力，还是只能提升与食物有关的记忆力，还有待证实。

Christs Hector said:"When ghrelin at higher levels,People can better remember food photos."But what ghrelin is able to generally improve memory,Or can only ascend and food related memory,Remains to be proven.

　　饿一饿，嗅觉更灵敏？ Hungry a hungry,More sensitive sense of smell?

　　胃饥饿素不仅能够让你产生想饕餮一顿的欲望，还能令你的嗅觉更加灵敏。这是2011年4月，美国《神经科学》杂志上刊登的一项研究成果。

Ghrelin can not only make you want to produce a gluttonous's desire,Still can make you more sensitive sense of smell.This is April 2011,The United States[neuroscience]Magazine published the results of a study.

　　美国辛辛那提大学的科学家在小白鼠身上做了实验。他们给小白鼠注射了胃饥饿素，然后将录像机对准它们的鼻子。结果几个小时内，小白鼠的嗅觉测探器超速运转，并且能察觉到极微小的气味。

American scientists at the university of Cincinnati in mice to do the experiment.They give mice injected with the ghrelin,Then the video on their nose.Results a few hours,The little white rat sense of smell sounding device speed operation,And can detect tiny smell.

　　嗅觉是感知能力的重要组成部分。大部分哺乳动物都通过嗅觉来定位食物的方位，辨别食物来源。由于胃饥饿素控制人体饥饿的感觉，当胃里没有东西可消化时，就会出现饥饿感，刺激人们想吃东西的欲望，从而间接增强了人的嗅觉。因此，胃饥饿素和嗅觉之间有很大关联。 新京报记者 高美

Smell is an important part of perception.Most mammals are through the sense of smell to locate food bearing,Discrimination food source.Due to the ghrelin control the human body the feeling of hunger,When the stomach have nothing digesting,There will be a hunger,Stimulate the desire of people want to eat,Thus indirectly to enhance the people's sense of smell.so,Ghrelin and smell is highly correlated between. The Beijing news reporter high beauty