来自各方的努力，正在为我们打开一扇希望之窗，让每一个逝去的生命都可能选择以一种更有价值的方式继续存在。 Efforts from all sides,Is to open a window of hope for us,Let every lost life may choose to continue to exist in the form of a more valuable.

　　自称为“捐友”的南昌大学第四附属医院退休护士长邹德凤，自2010年成为遗体捐献志愿者后，目前已陆续号召亲人、朋友、同事、学生共40多人成为了“捐友”。

Claim to be"Give friends"The fourth affiliated hospital of nanchang university retired Zou Defeng head nurse,Since be body donation volunteer in 2010,At present have been called for the family/A friend/colleagues/Students become for a total of more than 40 people"Give friends".

　　《瞭望》新闻周刊了解到，截至2012年底，江西全省遗体捐献登记志愿者已超过1000人，其中132人成功实现遗体及其器官、组织捐献。然而，这一数字与社会需求相比仍缺口巨大，人体器官非法交易仍有存在的空间。

[outlook]Learned the weekly news magazine,By the end of 2012,Jiangxi province body donation volunteer registration has more than 1000 people,132 of them have a successful implementation body and its organs/Tissue donation.however,This figure compared with the social demand is still huge gap,There are still existing space trading illegally in human organs.

　　江西省人大常委会近日召开新闻发布会宣布，将于今年3月1日起正式施行《江西省遗体捐献条例》(以下简称《条例》)。这一地方性法规出台的目的之一，就在于推动民众逐渐接受遗体捐献的观念，从根本上遏制人体器官非法交易，从而破解令中国人纠结已久的人体器官移植困局。

Jiangxi province people's congress (NPC) recently announced at a news conference,Will come into force as of March 1[Body donation regulations in jiangxi province](Hereinafter referred to as the[regulations]).One of the purposes of the local regulations,Is to promote people gradually accept the idea of body donation,Fundamentally curb trading illegally in human organs,To crack for the Chinese struggle already a long time the dilemma of human organs for transplants.

　　“暴利超贩毒”滋生非法交易 "Windfall profits in excess of the drug"Breeding ground for illegal trade

　　今年1月15日，江西鄱阳县4名被告因组织十多人卖肾，被当地法院以组织出卖人体器官罪分别判处有期徒刑6个月至4年。江西景德镇市10名犯罪嫌疑人也因通过民营医疗机构非法摘肾18例，将被检察机关提起公诉。

January 15 this year,Jiangxi province Yang county four defendants for more than 10 people sell kidney organization,By a local court to organize selling human organs were sentenced to the crime of 6 months to 4 years.Jiangxi to startan 10 suspects have also been through private medical institution illegal kidney 18 cases,Will be prosecuted by procuratorial organs.

　　这两起案件只是去年公安部在全国18个省市开展集中行动，严厉打击组织出卖人体器官犯罪以来的成果之一。

This two cases just last year, the ministry of public security in 18 provinces and cities across the country to carry out the centralized operation,A crackdown on organized crime since selling human organs.

　　在这场统一行动中，全国公安机关共打掉组织出卖人体器官“黑中介”团伙28个，抓获犯罪嫌疑人137名，其中非法行医人员18名;解救活体器官提供者127名，铲除移植器官“黑窝点”13处。

In the unified action,The public security organ has demolished organization selling human organs"Black intermediary"Gangs of 28,137 capture of a criminal suspect,The illegal medical personnel 18;Save live organ provider, 127,Wipe out the organ transplants"Black sites"13.

　　早在2007年，国务院常务会议通过的《人体器官移植条例》就严格规定，任何组织或者个人不得以任何形式买卖人体器官，不得从事与买卖人体器官有关的活动。

As early as 2007,By the state council executive meeting[Human organ transplant ordinance]Has strict rules,Any organization or individual shall not buying and selling human organs in any form,Shall not engage in activities related to the buying and selling human organs.

　　2011年2月，《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》也明确规定，组织他人出卖人体器官的，处五年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金;情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。

In February, 2011,,[The amendment of criminal law of the People's Republic of China(eight)]Also make clear a regulation,Organize others to sell human organs,Be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years,Fine;If the circumstances are serious,Shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years,Fine or confiscation of property.

　　然而，暴利的驱动让犯罪团伙不惜铤而走险。

however,Windfall profit driven to desperate criminal gangs.

　　记者调查发现，此类案件的惯用手法是，由“黑中介”在网上招募卖肾者，然后对卖肾者集中封闭管理，再寻找买家、安排提供者体检、与患者配型，最后联系没有手术资质的民营医院进行非法手术，从中牟取暴利。

Journalist survey found that,Is the favourite games in such cases,By the"Black intermediary"Online recruiting sell kidney,And then the close management to sell kidney,To find a buyer/Arrange provider medical/Matches with the patient,The last contact no illegal surgery operation qualification of private hospitals,permits.

　　鄱阳县办案人员透露，卖肾者一个肾一般只能获得3万至5万元，而“黑中介”找到有买肾需求的尿毒症患者家属，售价却在28万元以上。为确保暴利所得，每名配型成功患者的家属还必须事先向“黑中介”支付5万至12万元的定金。

Province Yang county, investigators said,Sell kidney kidney is normally only get 30000 yuan to 50000 yuan,while"Black intermediary"Find a buy kidney demand uremic patients' families,Price is in 280000 yuan of above.In order to ensure the windfall gains,Each match the patient's family must also be told in advance"Black intermediary"Pay a deposit of 50000 yuan to 120000 yuan.

　　据当地检察机关透露，景德镇“卖肾案”中，每名卖肾者在手术前都要签下“捐肾志愿书”，在摘肾后仅可获得2万元。其余的利润则被“黑中介”、团伙头目、手术医师、麻醉师等众多人员瓜分。其中，两家涉案的民营医疗机构在非法摘取肾脏手术中，每例分别收取2.6万元和3.7万元。

According to the local procuratorial organs,jingdezhen"Case sell kidney"In the,Every person that sell kidney surgery to sign"Donate kidney application",After picking kidney may obtain 20000 yuan only.The rest of the profit is"Black intermediary"/The gang leader/Surgery doctors/The anesthesiologist such personnel.Among them,Two private medical institutions involved in illegal harvesting kidneys in the operation,Each charge 26000 yuan and 37000 yuan respectively.

　　“人体器官非法交易的暴利甚至比贩卖毒品还高。”负责遗体捐献工作的江西省红十字会秘书长戴莹说，目前中国等待器官移植的人数超过150万人，但能获得移植的仅为1万人，巨大的需求缺口为地下交易提供了空间。

"Trading illegally in human organs of profits and even is higher than drug trafficking."In the job of body donation, secretary-general of the jiangxi province Red Cross Dai Ying said,China is now more than 1.5 million people waiting for organ transplants,But can get transplants was only about 10000 people,Huge demand gap provide the space for underground trade.

　　“双管齐下”能否缓解需求缺口 "Do both"Can ease the demand gap

　　虽然严厉的打击行动，已经有力地遏制了此类犯罪的发展蔓延。但要从根本上解决问题，仍需要打击犯罪和引导民众器官捐献“双管齐下”。

Although severe crackdown,Has effectively curb the spread of such crimes.But to fundamentally solve the problem,Still need to fight crime and to guide people to organ donation"Do both".

　　为此，包括江西在内的多省市相继出台类似的“遗体捐献条例”。为了建立人体器官捐献体系，促进人体器官移植健康发展，2010年3月，卫生部、中国红十字总会还选取了包括江西在内的10个省市开展人体器官捐献试点工作。

To do this,Many provinces and cities, including jiangxi province, have issued similar"Body donation regulations".In order to establish human organ donation system,Promote the healthy development of the human organ transplant,In March 2010,The ministry of health/China Red Cross association is also chosen, including jiangxi, 10 provinces and municipalities to carry out the pilot work human organ donation.

　　“生前未明示不捐献遗体的人身故后，其配偶、成年子女、父母等近亲属可以表示同意捐献其遗体。”江西省卫生厅副厅长曾传美对《条例》解释说。

"Was not clear don't donate body after people die,Their spouses/Adult children/Parents and other close relatives can be agreed to donate their body."Jiangxi province health department was appointed deputy director-general of the who ChuanMei right[regulations]explains.

　　根据《条例》规定，自然人生前表示捐献意愿的，任何组织或者个人不得改变其捐献意愿。捐献人的近亲属应当尊重捐献人的捐献意愿，支持捐献人的捐献行为。这显然是针对过去频频发生的“流捐”现象而作出的特别规定。长期以来，一些人在世时登记表达了捐献遗体的意愿，可死后往往因遭遇其亲属的强烈反对而导致捐献无效。

According to the[regulations]provisions,Natural person's donation intentions,Any organization or individual may change its donation willingness.Donors of near relatives shall respect the donors' willingness to donate,In support of donors donation behavior.This is clearly in view of the frequently happened in the past"Flow to donate"Phenomenon of the special provisions.For a long time,Some people register expressed willingness to donate body while they are alive,Can death often caused by faced strong opposition from its relative contribution is invalid.

　　江西省人大常委会副主任胡振鹏说，在地方立法的基础上，还必须进一步提高遗体捐献知识的普及率、社会对遗体捐献的认知率和公众对遗体捐献的认同率。

Jiangxi province National People's Congress standing committee, deputy director of the Hu Zhenpeng said,On the basis of local legislation,Also must further improve the penetration of body donation knowledge/Social presence of body donation and public approval ratings for his remains.

　　对此，中国政府也已下定决心。2012年发布的《中国人体器官试点工作总结会宣言》提出，将根据中国的社会文化背景，逐步建立符合当前中国社会经济发展阶段的人体器官捐献体系。

For this,The Chinese government has made up his mind to.Published in 2012[China's declaration of human organs pilot project review meeting]Put forward,According to China's social and cultural background,Gradually establish conforms to China's current social and economic development stage of the human body organ donation system.

　　中国社会学会常务理事王明美认为，要从根本上缓解人体器官移植的需求缺口，在加大打击犯罪力度的同时，还应完善法律法规、加强舆论宣传，建立健全器官捐献体系，唤醒民众器官捐献意识。

Managing director at the Chinese academy of social Wang Mingmei thought,To fundamentally ease the human organ transplant demand gap,At the same time of increasing crackdown on crime,Also should perfect the laws and regulations/Strengthen the propaganda of public opinion,Establishing and perfecting the system of organ donation,Aroused public awareness of organ donation.

　　通常情况下，捐献一具完整的遗体，通过组织器官移植，可以救治上百名患者，捐献一对眼角膜组织，可以使6至8名眼疾患者重见光明。江西省红十字会党组书记、常务副会长方娅认为，只要捐献程序透明规范了，服务质量到位了，公众的热情一定会不断提高，所惠及的患者也将成倍增加。

Is often the case,Contribution remains intact,By organizing organ transplantation,Can be treated hundreds of patients,Donated a pair of cornea tissue,Can make six to eight patients with eye diseases to light.Party secretary of jiangxi province Red Cross/Vice President Fang Ya think,As long as transparent donation program specification,The quality of service in place,The enthusiasm of the public will continue to improve,Patients will also benefit by multiplied.

　　

破解困局亟待多方努力 Cracking problems need various efforts

　　记者采访发现，受传统观念影响，捐献遗体虽然仍面临来自家庭、社会的多重阻力，要从根本上破解人体器官移植困局，仍需从政府到服务机构以及社会的多方努力。

Reporters found that,Influenced by traditional concepts,Donated bodies, though still face comes from family/Social multiple resistance,To fundamentally break the human organ transplant,Still need to be from the government to the service organization and society's joint efforts.

　　今年1月2日5时左右，江西萍乡市安源区69岁的何玉珍老人因患脑水肿，医治无效逝世，5个小时后，遗体就被送往了江西省红十字会医用组织库。与何玉珍一样，已81岁的丈夫何奇3年前就在当地红十字会登记成为了一名遗体捐献志愿者。

This year on January 2, 5 PM,Jiangxi pingxiang area AnYuan He Yuzhen, a 69 - year - old old man from a cerebral edema,Treatment is invalid, died,After 5 hours,Body was taken to the library of jiangxi province Red Cross medical groups.Like He Yuzhen,Has 81 - year - old husband He Ji registered in the local Red Cross three years ago became a body donation volunteers.

　　“把遗体和器官捐献给医学事业，既减轻了子女和亲友的负担，还能为一些病人带来康复的希望。”何奇老人说，这是他捐献遗体的初衷。

"The body and organ donation to medical career,Reduce the burden of the children and relatives and friends already,Also can bring hope of recovery for some patients."He Ji said the old man,The purpose of the body. This is his contributions.

　　在江西即将施行的《条例》，首次以立法形式，明确了红十字会的工作人员参与遗体捐献协调的法律地位和工作职责，宣传动员、报名登记、捐献见证、缅怀纪念、救助激励等工作，都成了红十字会的责任范畴。同时，卫生行政部门负责遗体捐献的管理监督工作，具备开展医学教学条件的医学、体育院校和科研能力的医学科研单位以及具备国家规定的临床移植资质的医疗机构可以成为遗体接受单位。

In jiangxi is implemented[regulations],In the form of legislation for the first time,Has been clear about the Red Cross workers involved in the body donation coordinate legal status and responsibilities,Propaganda and mobilization/Sign up to register/Donate to witness/Honour the memory of/Bailout incentive, etc,Is the responsibility of the Red Cross.At the same time,The health administrative departments in charge of body donation management supervision,Developing medical medical teaching conditions/Sports colleges and universities and scientific research ability of medical scientific research units, and has the qualifications of medical institution clinical transplantation prescribed by the state unit bodies can be accepted.

　　对此，一些民众在接受记者采访时表示，一方面每个人都要转变观念，另一方面管理部门也要提高公信力，加强监督，避免无偿捐献的遗体成为他人牟利的工具。

For this,Some people said in an interview,On the one hand, everyone has to change ideas,On the other hand, the management also should improve the credibility,Strengthen the supervision,Avoid to donate body become tools to others for profit.

　　面对民众的疑虑，戴莹认为“大可不必”，她说，目前国家相关法律法规对整个遗体捐献的流程都有比较完善严格的规范，也明确了各级医疗行政主管部门的监督职责，所以一旦在器官移植等环节“踩了红线”、非法牟利，均将受到行政处罚或法律制裁。

Face people's doubts,Dai Ying think"Don't have to",She said,The relevant national laws and regulations for the whole body donation process has a relatively perfect strict specification,Also clear about the supervision responsibility of the health administrative departments at all levels,So once in organ transplantation"Stepping on the red line"/Illegal profit,All will be subject to administrative punishment or legal sanctions.

　　“《条例》出台后，加上媒体的宣传，遗体捐献的人数肯定会不断增加，这对我们的服务才是真正的挑战。”戴莹说，根据美国等先进国家的规律，公众对遗体捐献的知晓度、认知率提高后，心理认同感和参与率也必将提高。

"[regulations]after,Plus the media propaganda,The number of body donation will surely continue to increase,This service is the real challenge to us."Dai Ying said,According to the law of the advanced countries such as America,The public popularity of body donation/Not improved,Psychological identity and participation will improve.

　　戴莹认为，要提高服务质量，队伍建设是最关键的，所以新闻发布会后第二天，江西全省遗体捐献协调员培训班就开班了，共有来自各级红十字会和医院的220人参加。

Dai Ying think,To improve the quality of service,Team construction is the key,So the press conference the next day,Jiangxi province body donation coordinator training class,From all levels of the Red Cross and the hospital's 220 people.

　　此外，针对即将施行的《条例》，其他配套工作已经开始启动。戴莹告诉记者，江西省红十字会已在南昌青山墓园建立了花园式的纪念场地，永久留下每名捐献者的名字，以供后人缅怀。同时，将每位捐献者的资料汇编成光荣册，永久保存，供后人查阅。在每年清明节前后，江西省红十字会还将组织社会各界人士，来到纪念场地为捐献者举行庄严的追思仪式。此外，江西省红十字会还将设立省级遗体捐献救助基金，用于对困难捐献者家庭实施人道救助。

In addition,In view of the incoming[regulations],Other supporting work has already started.Dai Ying told reporters,The Red Cross has been in nanchang in jiangxi province green hill cemetery memorial garden area is established,Permanent leave each donor's name,For future generations.At the same time,Will each donor information compiled into glory,permanent,For later reference.In the before and after the ching Ming festival every year,Jiangxi provincial Red Cross also will organize social people from all walks of life,Came to the memorial site for donor for the stately memorial ceremony.In addition,Jiangxi provincial Red Cross will also establish a provincial body donation relief fund,Be used for humanitarian aid donor family.

　　为了推动遗体捐献工作，目前江西省红十字会已经在全省各地设立了联系网络，捐献者可以直接与省红十字会联系，也可与各设区市红十字会联系，填写《江西省志愿捐献遗体申请登记表》即可成为一名遗体捐献志愿者。与此同时，江西一些医疗机构也将陆续开设红十字会角膜、器官、组织接收登记站。

In order to push the body donation work,At present jiangxi Red Cross has established contact network throughout the province,Donors can directly contact the provincial Red Cross,Also can contact the various districts and the zhuhai Red Cross society,Fill in the[Volunteer to donate body to apply for registration in jiangxi province]Can be a body donation volunteers.At the same time,Some medical institutions will soon open in jiangxi Red Cross cornea/organ/Organization receives the kiosk.

　　来自各方的努力，正在为我们打开一扇希望之窗，让每一个逝去的生命都可能选择以一种更有价值的方式继续存在。□　　文/《瞭望》新闻周刊记者 胡锦武

Efforts from all sides,Is to open a window of hope for us,Let every lost life may choose to continue to exist in the form of a more valuable./ article /[outlook]Newsweek reporter Hu Jinwu