游学是青少年成长的一个重要途径 The study of youth development is an important way

　　不久前，21世纪教育研究院邀请孙云晓在6月的教育沙龙上，讲一讲青少年游学与成长之间的关系，孙云晓欣然接受了，因为作为一位父亲，他有着最直接的体验。

Not long ago，21 century education institute invited SunYunXiao in June, the education salons，To speak on teenagers and the relationship between the overseas growth，SunYunXiao readily accepted，Because as a father，He has the most direct experience。

　　孙云晓的女儿毕业于北京月坛中学，这是一所以日语学习为特色的学校，跟日本有长期的交流，休学旅行、民宿活动，坚持了20多年。孙云晓的女儿在上初中和高中期间，家里接待过4批日本学生和老师，而她自己也两次到日本去民宿。

SunYunXiao daughter graduated from Beijing bad middle school，This is a so Japanese to the characteristics of learning school，Long-term exchanges with Japan，Suspension travel、Activities of a home stay facility，To the 20 years。The daughter of SunYunXiao in junior high and high school period，Home received four group of Japanese students and teachers，And she also two to Japan to a home stay facility。

　　一次，女儿在一个日本家庭住了将近一个月，周围一个中国人也没有，这户日本家庭有3个孩子姐姐和两个弟弟，都是中学生。因为孩子，孙云晓家和这个日本家庭一直像亲戚一样来往。“中学时就到日本游学，使孩子非常受益。因为她与日本人生活在一起，能够真正了解日本人的生活方式以及日本人的情感。”孙云晓认为，这种体验让女儿受益良多。由于中学时期打下了比较好的日语功底，尽管女儿大学学的并不是日语，但是工作后仍然被单位看中外派到日本，现在已经在日本工作近3年。

a，Her daughter in a Japanese family living for almost a month，A Chinese also not around，This door Japan family has three children sister and two brothers，Are high school students。Because the child，SunYunXiao home and the Japan family has always been a close relative traffic。“Middle school study Tours to Japan，Make the child very benefit。Because she and my life together，To really understand the Japanese way of life and Japan the feelings of person。”SunYunXiao think，This experience let daughter benefit。Due to a high school in relatively good Japanese language，Although daughter university is not Japanese，But the work is still unit after a fancy to Japan overseas，Now working in Japan for nearly three years。

　　据孙云晓介绍，他的家庭寒假、暑假基本上都外出旅行，有时是几个好朋友带着孩子一块儿走，让孩子结伴儿而行。这种几个家庭结伴儿的游学方式，让孙云晓感觉女儿的精神世界发生了非常大的变化，小小少年就体会到世界如此之大，文化如此丰厚，原来离自己很遥远的东西一下子变得非常近，这种丰富立体的体验让孩子获益多多。

According to SunYunXiao introduced，His family the winter vacation、Summer vacation basically all travel，Sometimes a few good friends took the children walk，Let children do caravans son。The family of a few rooms in son study mode，Let SunYunXiao feel the spirit of her daughter world changed a lot，Small young on experience to the world so much，Culture is so rich，Originally from his very distant thing suddenly becomes very near，The rich experience of the three-dimensional children more benefit。

　　孙云晓的女儿没上过重点小学、中学，但是因为她有丰富的生活、旅行体验，对自己的发展方向有很强的把握能力。高考时，她自己做主报考了复旦大学社会学系。上大学后，女儿写过一篇文章，其中写到，最感谢父母在她18岁之前，带她走过了全国13个省（区、市）。

The daughter of SunYunXiao not key primary school、Middle school，But because she has a rich life、Travel experience，For our development orientation have strong ability to grasp。When the university entrance exam，Her own enter oneself for an examination the fudan university department of society。college，Daughter wrote an article，One wrote，The most thank parents in her before the age of 18，Take her past the national 13 provinces（area、city）。

游学不能陷入贵族化、成人化误区 Travel can't into nobility、Administer error

　　孙云晓到过欧美很多地方，在几乎所有的名牌大学里，都能碰到大批中国青少年。但是当他在法国巴黎的“老佛爷”看到里面挤满了中国孩子，买各种各样的名牌时，萌生出一丝忧虑：有些旅行不适合未成年孩子，游学体验一定要和一般的旅行有所不同。

SunYunXiao to Europe and the United States many places，In almost all the famous university，Can run into a large number of Chinese youth。But when he is in Paris, France“announced”See inside packed with Chinese children，Buy all kinds of famous brand，The initiation of anxiety：Some travel is not suitable for young children，Travel experience must and general travel different。

　　“未成年人不适合那种住高级宾馆、到处购物、购买奢侈品的旅游，他们有更多成长的需要，更多开阔眼界的需要，所以要给他们更多的保护。”孙云晓还认为，青少年外出旅行，不应该走成年化的路线，组织者或者家长应该为他们设计特定的路线，包含更多文化的、历史的、人文的内容。

“Minors for that kind of not living senior hotel、Shopping around、Buy luxury travel，They have more growth needs，More the need to broaden the outlook，So will give them more protection。”SunYunXiao also believe that，Youth travel，Should not walk the route of the adult，Organizers or parents should design specific route for them，Contain more of the culture、history、The content of the humanities。

　　作为一名儿童文学作家，孙云晓在欧美国家旅行的时候，只要看到名人故居，就有一种强烈的欲望要去好好看一看。“比如到了丹麦，能不去看看安徒生吗？当你走在他写的那个卖火柴的小女孩走过的那条街上，你能够没有触动吗？你到了法兰克福，能不去海德堡看一看歌德的故居吗？到了瑞典的斯德哥尔摩，你能不去寻访一下诺贝尔吗？”孙云晓认为，有很多文化名人，其实是青少年精神上的导师，精神上的火炬，有机会就要去看看。

As a writer of children's literature，SunYunXiao in European and American countries travel，As long as see former celebrity，Have a strong desire to take a good look at。“For example to Denmark，Can not go to see Anderson？When you walk in his writing that the little match girl walked on the street，You can not touch？You come to Frankfurt，Can not go to have a look of Heidelberg Goethe former residence？In Stockholm, Sweden，Can you not to go for the Nobel Prize？”SunYunXiao think，Have a lot of cultural celebrities，In fact is the youth spiritual mentor，Spiritual torch，Off the opportunity to look at。

　　但现实却恰恰相反，不光是青少年的旅行缺少这些内容，成人的游学也没有这方面的安排。一次，他到意大利佛罗伦萨，在这座欧洲文艺复兴的发祥地，组织者居然没有安排参观名人故居，导游也不太清楚，让孙云晓觉得非常荒唐。

But the reality is the exact opposite，Not only is the lack of these teenagers travel content，Study of adults also does not have this aspects of the arrangement。a，He to the Italian fiorentina，In the birthplace of the European Renaissance，Organizers actually did not arrange the visit former celebrity，Guide also not too clear，Let SunYunXiao feel very absurd。

　　“我们在推动游学的活动当中，一定要满足青少年的精神成长需要，甚至可以搞一些世界文化名人之旅，寻访历史人物，让阅读和游历、寻访结合起来。”

“We promote the study in activity，Must meet the spirit of teenagers growth needs，Can even make some of the world cultural tour，Searched for a historical figures，Let the reading and travel、Searched for a combined。”

　　对于目前大量青少年到国外游学，甚至有些孩子第一次出远门就去英国、去美国，孙云晓在肯定家长让孩子从小就有国际视野的同时，也表达了自己的观点：“正在快速成长的青少年游学，一定要先国内，后国外。要重视国内游，应该在先对本国文化传统有充分了解、感受的基础上，再出国，这样结合起来看，是比较明智的选择。”

For the present study abroad of teenagers，Even some children first give far door went to Britain、To the United States，SunYunXiao in sure parents let the child have international view at the same time，Also expressed his views：“A fast growing study teenagers，I must first domestic，Abroad after。Attention should be paid to the domestic travel，Prior to its traditional culture should have fully understand、On the basis of experience，Go abroad，This combined look，Is wise。”

　　同时，孙云晓也提醒家长注意，有的父母觉得把孩子带到国外去看看国外的学校如何，孩子回来就会好好学习，结果有的孩子去国外看了以后，反而学习兴趣降低了。因为国外很多学校学生上半天课，其余半天，学生都是在运动或者发展兴趣爱好，中国学生去了之后因为只看到表面现象，很多人很震撼，回来反而不想上学了。家长花钱买回孩子厌学。

At the same time，SunYunXiao also remind parents to look，Some parents think took the children to go abroad see foreign school how，Child came back will study well，Results some children to go abroad to see the later，Instead of reducing the interest in learning。Because many foreign countries and school students for half a lesson，The rest of the along while，Students are in sports or development interests，Chinese students go to the later because only see the surface phenomenon，A lot of people very shocked，Come back but don't want to go to school。Parents spend money to buy the child back was tired of learning。

游学应尽可能地深入生活 Travel should as far as possible deeper into life

　　青少年游学一个非常重要的环节，就是尽可能让他们住进当地人的家里。这是孙云晓一直提倡的：“如果要了解一种文化，一个民族，只住宾馆走马观花地看一看，绝对是不够的。如果能够在当地，特别是在同龄人的家里住上一周，或者更长时间，那么对一个民族和文化，理解肯定是不一样的。”

Study teenagers a very important link，Is as far as possible let them live in the local people's home。This is SunYunXiao has been advocating：“If you want to know a culture，A national，Only hotel to see typically，Absolutely is not enough。If can in local，Especially in their home last week live，Or longer，So on a people and culture，Understanding is certainly not the same。”

　　他有一个梦想：中国现在是个开放的国家，其中像北京、上海、广州等这些城市里的中学生，如果能在中学6年期间，在家里接待3个以上的外国学生，那么对中国的国际化进程将是巨大的推进。

He has a dream：China is now a open country，Among them like Beijing、Shanghai、Guangzhou city middle school students in these，If in six years of high school period，In the home more than three reception foreign students，So to the internationalization of China will be huge push。

　　据孙云晓介绍，在日本，中小学的游学已经制度化了。日本规定，小学生每年要出去远足一天，初中生每年要出去3夜4天，而且打乱原来的编班，到远离学校的地方去。而高中学生就要到外国去一两个星期。在孙云晓接触的日本人中，几乎所有人都有游学的经历，他们称为“修学旅行”。孙云晓曾到日本进行游学制度的专门考察，发现游学是几代日本人难忘的经历，已经被全社会认可。

According to SunYunXiao introduced，In Japan，Study of the primary and secondary schools have been institutionalized。Japan provisions，Primary school students each year to a day out hiking，Every year in junior high school students to go out and three nights 4 days，And disturb the original grouping，Far from a school place。And high school students will go to the foreign country a week or two。In SunYunXiao contact of Japan，Almost all people have the experience of study，They called“Study travel”。SunYunXiao had to Japan in the special investigation study abroad in the system，Study found several generations of Japan is memorable experience，Has been the social acceptance。

　　1993年，孙云晓曾发表一篇文章《夏令营中的较量记中日少年夏令营》，这篇文章引发了一场教育的大讨论，推动了应试教育向素质教育的转变。孙云晓认为，这场讨论至今都没有结束，他甚至认为，今日中国青少年在自然体验、社会实践、生活体验上的缺乏，比20年前更甚。北京某区一所学校曾要组织学生去军事博物馆参观，一个班就有十几个学生的家长打电话给老师，我们的孩子不能去。原因是怕孩子走丢。

1993 years，SunYunXiao has published an article《The competition between the young summer camp remember summer camp》，This article has sparked a education discussion，To promote the quality education to the test education transformation。SunYunXiao think，The discussion so far have not the end，He even think，Today's China youth in the natural experience、Social practice、Lack of life experience，What more than 20 years ago。Beijing district a school have to organize the students to military museum visit，A class to the ten several students' parents call teacher，Our children can't go。The reason is afraid of children get lost。

　　对于有些教育主管部门或者学校不愿组织夏令营的做法，孙云晓也很理解，因为目前既有法律不健全的问题，也有组织混乱的缺陷。他用“有气魄”来赞赏武汉市教委的做法：十多年来一直坚持办夏令营，并且把夏令营的组织工作交由一家旅行社统一设计安排。十多年来，大量中小学生在国内，特别是在湖北地区旅行，增强了体验，开阔了视野，而且无一例安全责任事故，被称为夏令营市场的“武汉模式”。

For some education department or the school would not organization of the practice of the summer camp，SunYunXiao also very understanding，Because the current law is not the problem of both sound，Also organized chaos of the defects。he“Have boldness of vision”To appreciate the practice of wuhan education commission：For more than 10 years has been insisting for summer camp，And the organization of the summer camp work to a travel agency unified design arrangement。Ten years，A lot of primary and middle school students in the country，Especially in hubei area travel，Enhance the experience，Widened the field of vision，And no one security liability accident，The market is called camp“Wuhan model”。

　　孙云晓了解到，近两年日本和韩国正在大规模推进一个活动，叫职业体验，并列入课程，主要是让初中二年级的学生，到社会上各种企业、服务机构去工作四五天时间，学生可以去工厂、面包房、消防队、医院等各种地方。

SunYunXiao know to，Nearly two years Japan and South Korea are working to advance a large-scale activities，Call professional experience，And included in the course，Mainly is to let the junior middle school second grade students，To the society all kinds of enterprise、Service agencies to work 45 days time，The students can go to the factory、bakery、Fire brigade、Hospitals and all kinds of other places。

　　“这是体现国家教育方针的课程。中国学生不需要吗？非常需要。因为学生在学校里学到的知识，大部分都是间接经验。其实，青少年特别需要一些直接经验，一个人没有足够的直接经验，他对这个世界的理解是表面的。只有体验过了以后，你才知道生活是什么样子的。”作为教育研究者，孙云晓非常客观，“学校的发明，给人类带来了巨大的益处，它也带来了一个局限，使青少年生活单调，被束缚，因此，假期的意义就是让学生过一种不同于学校的生活，回归本质的生活。生命的成长需要有更博大的体验，更广阔的视野，寒假暑假游学就是一种方式。”

“This is of course reflect the national education policy。Chinese students do not need？Very need。Because students in school learn knowledge，Most of them are indirect experience。In fact，Teenagers special need some direct experience，A man does not have enough direct experience，He to this world understanding is the surface。Only after the experience，You know what life was like。”As education researchers，SunYunXiao very objective，“The invention of the school，To bring great benefits of human，It also brought a limitation，Make adolescent life drab，bound，so，The meaning of the holiday is to make the students had a different kind of school life，The nature of the return to life。The growth of life needs to have more broad and experience，The more broad vision，Winter holiday travel is a kind of way summer vacation。”