王俊峰：司考储备法律职业人才推进法治建设 WangJunFeng：Legal professional talents of national judicial exam reserves law construction

　　

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　　我国司法考试已走过10年历程。自2002年3月第一次全国统一司法考试举行以来，国家司法考试政策随着社会发展和时代的需要而不断调整，越来越多的人因此受益。截至目前，国家司法考试已进行10次，报名人次超过300万，有50万人通过考试取得法律职业资格。

The judicial examination has passed through 10 years history。From March 2002 for the first time since held the national uniform judicial examination，The national judicial examination policy with the development of society and the needs of The Times and constantly adjust，More and more people benefit。So far，National judicial exam has been 10 times，The more than 3 million people，There are 500000 people through the legal profession qualification in the examination。

　　中华全国律师协会会长王俊峰近日在接受《法制日报》记者采访时说，10年来，国家司法考试工作全面发展，规章制度体系不断完善，规范化管理明显加强，储备和选拔法律职业人才的职能作用有效发挥，为加强政法队伍建设，维护司法公正，建设社会主义法治国家，作出了重要贡献。

The all China lawyers association WangJunFeng recently in accept《Legal daily》reporters，10 years，The national judicial examination work all-round development，The system of rules and regulations perfect，Standardization management improved remarkably，Reserve and selection of the function of legal professional talents effectively play，Politics and law in order to strengthen the team building，Safeguard judicial justice，The construction of socialist country ruled by law，Made an important contribution。

　　

口述实录 dictation

　　

“26年前我参加了首次律师资格考试” “26 years ago I took part in the first lawyer qualification examinations”

　　恢复律师制度初始，并没有统一司法考试，那时极度缺少法律专业人才，仅是依靠少数老的政法人员归队。

Restore the lawyer system initial，And no uniform judicial examination，Then a strong lack of legal professionals，Only a few old depend on political return personnel。

　　1986年，司法部下文推动全国律师资格考试，北京在全国率先确立律师资格考试制度。这可以说是当年法律领域的一件大事情。

1986 years，The justice department below push bar exam throughout the country，Beijing is in the national bar exam system established。This can be said in the field of law in a big things。

　　也就是在这一年，我参加了全国律师资格考试。我记得，当时我刚毕业分配到中国国际贸易促进委员会法律部工作。贸促会有不少人报了名，单位还专门成立了全国律师资格考试辅导班。因为我是新分配进来的法律专业大学生，还被委派当上了给大家讲课的辅导老师。

It is in this year，I participated in the national bar exam。I remember，At that time I just graduated assigned to China council for the promotion of international trade in legal work。The ccpit many people signed up，The unit still has specially set up a national bar exam the remedial class。Because I am a new distribution of college students in law，Also be assigned when the lecture tutor for everyone。

　　当时考试的内容大概涉及法理、刑法、刑诉法、民法、民诉法、宪法等9个基本的法律学科，手头也没有辅导书之类的资料，能用得上的资料特别少。时间上也很紧，从公布到考试满打满算也就3个多月，大家都还要工作，所有的复习都是利用休息时间和晚上熬夜。

When the content of the exam about involving the legal principle、Criminal law、points、Civil law、Civilian law、The constitution and the laws of the nine basic subjects，No coach book in hand such material，Can use material, especially small。Time is tight，Released from the examination ManDaManSuan is more than three months，Everyone will work again，All of the review is to use your break time and stay up at night。

　　记得考试内容并不太难，但我很紧张，毕竟自己是辅导老师，要是考不过那面子上肯定过不去啊！还好，第一次我就通过了。

Remember the content is not too difficult，But I was very nervous，After all he is tutor，If test but that of face must pass it！Also good，The first time I passed。

　　两年后，第二次全国律师资格考试开考，报考人员范围扩大了。这次考试明确规定，具有大专以上学历的中国公民均可参加。

Two years later，The second national KaiKao bar exam，Enter oneself for an examination personnel expanded。The exam explicitly，With college degree or above the Chinese citizens are eligible to participate。

　　1986年、1988年和1990年的三次律师资格考试，还处于摸索阶段，考试形式和内容上都没有统一的标准，考试内容多集中在宪法、民法、刑法和诉讼法领域。

1986 years、In 1988 and 1990, three times the bar exam，Also at groping stage，The test form and content are no unified standard，The exam content more concentrated in the constitution、Civil law、Criminal law and procedure law field。

　　1996年5月15日，八届全国人大常委会第19次会议通过的律师法第六条第一款明确，国家实行律师资格全国统一考试制度。至此，全国统一律师资格考试以法律的形式被确认下来，律师资格考试制度在探索中迈出了历史性的一步。

On May 15, 1996，The eighth National People's Congress standing committee meeting through the lawyers law of the 19 in the first paragraph of article 6 clear，The state shall uniform national examination for the qualification as a lawyer system。So far，The national unified the bar exam in the form of law is confirmed down，The bar exam system in exploration took the historic step。

　　随着律师资格考试的定期举行，一批又一批优秀法律人才进入到律师队伍中来。到2000年，律师资格考试已经进行了12次，全国有上百万人次参加了考试，约14万人取得了律师资格证书。毫不夸张地说，律师资格考试对提升律师队伍综合素质以及律师行业整体素质、对加强保证这个行业入门的门槛更加规范有着十分重要的意义。

As a lawyer qualification exam regularly，A group of and a batch of outstanding legal talents into lawyer team。By 2000，The bar exam has 12 times，Millions of people across the country have taken the exam，About 140000 people made lawyer qualification certificate。It is no exaggeration to say，The bar exam lawyer team to improve the comprehensive quality and the overall quality of the legal profession、To ensure that the industry to strengthen the threshold more standard is very important meaning。

　　

“从律考到司考法律职业梦想飞得更远” “From LvKao to legal professional dream national judicial exam fly farther”

　　记得在20世纪80年代我上大学时，律师制度尚处于蹒跚起步阶段，当时给我的印象律师就是进行刑事辩护、处理婚姻家庭等传统案件的。毕业到北京进入贸促会法律部工作后，因为参与国际合作、经贸、商务谈判等，对律师从事现代法律服务工作有了清晰的概念和认知，并逐渐认识到了这一行业所承载的特殊职责与担当。

Remember in the 1980 s when I went to college，The lawyer system is still in the initial stage faltered，At that time gives me the impression is carries on the criminal defense lawyer、Treatment of traditional marriage and family of the case。Graduation to Beijing after work into the ccpit legal，For participation in international cooperation、Economic and trade、Business negotiation，Modern legal services for the lawyer is engaged in the work to a clear concept and cognition，And gradually realized to the industry's carrying special responsibilities and bear。

　　职业法律人的使命感油然而生。随着我国律师行业有了一定发展，律师事务所的定位也逐渐从国办过渡到事业单位再到合作所直到私人合伙制。也就是在那个时候，我离开贸促会创立了金杜律师事务所，在当时还算是较早的一家合作制律师事务所。

Professional legal person sense of mission arises spontaneously。With China's lawyers have a certain industry development，The law firm position also gradually transition to institutions from the map to cooperative partnership until private。It is in that time，I leave the ccpit founded the JinDu law firm，At that time is earlier a cooperative system law firm。

　　从2000年开始，随着统一司法考试的呼声，国家统一司法考试工作开始了紧锣密鼓的准备工作，并对相应的改革内容进行了广泛的讨论。2001年6月30日，九届全国人大常委会第22次会议通过关于修改法官法的决定和关于修改检察官法的决定，规定初任法官、检察官必须从通过国家统一司法考试的人员中择优选取。随后，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、司法部联合发布公告，决定当年的初任法官考试、初任检察官考试和律师资格考试不再单独组织，纳入2002年的首次国家司法考试。

From 2000 to，As the voice of the uniform judicial examination，The uniform judicial examination of the state work started being preparation work，And to the corresponding contents of reform has been discussed widely。June 30, 2001，9 th National People's Congress standing committee meeting about modification by 22 enacted and the decision on amending prosecutors the decision of the law，Provisions to be appointed judges for the、Prosecutors must from through the uniform judicial examination of the state personnel selection of selected。then，The supreme people's court、The supreme people's procuratorate、The justice department jointly issued the notice，That decision to be appointed judges for the exam、Meanwhile the exam qualification for lawyers and prosecutors test no longer organizes alone，For the first time in 2002 years the national judicial examination。

　　而在2001年以前，法官、检察官、律师资格考试是分开进行的。与律师资格考试相比，国家司法考试更加权威、科学和规范，有专门的题库、专门的出题专家、专门的考试大纲等。

And in 2001 years ago，The judge、prosecutors、The bar exam is separately。Compared with the bar exam，National judicial exam more authority、Scientific and standardization，Have a special test、Special sets the topic the experts、Special exam outline, etc。

　　随即，我国司法考试的职能机构国家司法考试司、国家司法考试中心和国家司法考试协调委员会正式成立。

immediately，The judicial examination authority of the national judicial examination department、The national judicial examination center and the national judicial examination coordination commission formally established。

　　2002年3月30日至31日，首次国家司法考试在全国统一举行。我认为，这是我国日益深入司法改革的一项重要举措。律师资格考试、初任检察官考试与初任法官考试三者统一为司法考试后，为国家法治建设选拔更多合格法律人才带来的变化，注定了它要在中国现代法制史上落下浓墨重彩的一笔。

March 30, 2002 to 31，First national judicial examination held in the national unity。I think，This is our country increasingly deep judicial reform a significant step。The bar exam、Novice prosecutors to be appointed judges for the exam and unified exam for judicial examination after three，For national construction of the rule of selection more qualified personnel changes in the law，It was destined to modern legal system in China fall on absorbing。

　　初任法官、初任检察官、律师都要求通过司法考试，这就意味着不仅是迈入律师行业的门槛，同时也是初任法官、初任检察官的入职门槛，这对提高整个法律职业群体素质意义重大，也是一种积极大胆的尝试，说明我们走在了各国法律职业群体发展的前列。

Be appointed judges for the、Novice prosecutors、Lawyers are required by the judicial examination，This means that not only is entering the threshold of the legal profession，At the same time is also the novice、The novice prosecutors entry threshold，To improve the legal profession the group quality is of great significance，Also is a kind of active bold attempt，We walk in all countries that the legal professional group the forefront of development。

　　伴随着司法考试制度的确立，律师职业资格考试完成了自己的使命，退出了历史舞台。选拔人才、储备人才，提高律师队伍专业素质，这是司法考试的基本功能。截至目前，我国已举行了十次司法考试，有50万人通过统一司法考试取得法律职业资格，为律师队伍储备了一大批高素质、专业化的法律职业人才。

With the establishment of the system of judicial examination，Lawyer the professional qualification examination of completed his mission，Exit the stage of history。Selects talented person、Reserve talents，Improve the lawyer team professional quality，This is the basic function of the judicial examination。So far，Our country has held ten times the judicial examination，There are 500000 people through the uniform judicial examination get legal profession qualification，Lawyer team for a large group of high-quality reserves、Professional legal professional talents。

　　需要特别强调的是，统一司法考试为我国律师行业、法律职业群体的健康发展起到了非常积极的作用。记得恢复律师制度初期，还存在的通过各类“特批”渠道取得律师证等不规范情况，全国统一司考制度的设立，彻底杜绝了这一混乱现象的发生。

Need special emphasis is，The uniform judicial examination for lawyer's industry、The healthy development of the legal professional group has played a very positive role。Remember the early recovery lawyer system，Exist through the of all kinds“Special permission”Channels such as lawyer evidence obtained is not standard，The unified national judicial system establishment，The complete elimination of the to the disorder happens。

　　在我看来，建立和实施国家统一司法考试制度，是党和国家着眼于提高政法队伍素质，建立公正高效权威的中国特色社会主义司法制度，建设社会主义法治国家作出的一项重要决策。

In my opinion，Establish and implement the national uniform judicial examination system，Is the party and national aim to enhance the professional quality of politics and law，The establishment of a fair, efficient and authoritative socialism with Chinese characteristics and judicial system，Building a socialist country under the rule of an important decision to make。

　　

“司法考试内容大纲有五次较大调整” “The judicial examination content outline have five times greater adjustment”

　　2007年，全国统一司法考试报名人数达29.4万余人，参考人数为26万余人；2008年，考生总数突破37万人，创历史新高。那一年，国家司法考试政策调整，首次规定普通高等学校2009年应届本科毕业生也可以报名参加国家司法考试。

2007 years，The national uniform judicial examination register a number of more than 294000 people，The number of reference for more than 260000 people；2008 years，The examinee exceeded 370000 total，A record。That year，The national judicial examination policy adjustments，Initial regulation regular schools of higher learning 2009 fresh graduates also can sign up to the national judicial examination。

　　这一政策调整实施将与司法机关招录应届毕业生的现行用人制度相衔接，有利于解决西部地区法律职业人员短缺、断档等问题，这对加强政法队伍建设、推进社会主义民主法制建设的意义绝不可轻估。伴随着我国司法考试制度的进一步完善、考试水准的逐步提升，我很高兴看到国家司法考试为国家选拔合格法律人才的作用日益显现。

The adjustment will be ZhaoLu judicial organs and implementation of the graduates employment system connected，To solve the western region legal professional staff shortages、DuanDang problems，To strengthen the team building of politics and law、The socialist democratic and legal construction significance must not be light estimate。With the judicial examination system further perfection、The exam level of promoted step by step，I'm glad to see the state judicial examination for national choose qualified legal talented an increasingly important role。

　　目前，我国国家司法考试制度的框架已基本形成，国家司法考试工作机制也不断健全。围绕解决中西部地区和基层法律人才短缺的突出问题，司法考试扩大适用放宽报名学历条件的政策得到落实。

At present，Our national judicial examination system framework has basically taken shape，The national judicial examination work mechanism also constantly improved。Around the Midwest and the solution of the legal talents shortage of outstanding problems，The judicial examination for the expansion of the conditions of the policy easing in implemented。

　　在2006年1008个县(市、区)的基础上，2007年又增加了新的司法考试报名学历条件放宽地区，使实行放宽政策的地区达到1115个县(市、区)。

In 2006, 1008 county(city、area)Based on the，2007 years and add new judicial test registration degree conditions in relaxing，Make a relax policy area reached 1115 counties(city、area)。

　　从2008年起，中部六省份符合西部大开发有关政策的243个县(区、市)中的98个县(区)，被增加为国家司法考试放宽报名学历条件地区，从而使全国放宽报名学历条件的地方达到了25个省份的1213个县(区、市)。

Since 2008，The six provinces of central with the development of the western region of relevant policies 243 counties(area、city)98 of the counties(area)，Be increased for the national judicial examination application degree in easing conditions，So that the application of the conditions of the place in easing reached 25 provinces of 1213 counties(area、city)。

　　2008年8月14日，司法部国家司法考试办公室发布了修改后的《国家司法考试实施办法》。该办法规定：国家司法考试的实施，可以在一定时期内，对民族自治地方和经济欠发达地区的考生，在报名学历条件、考试合格标准等方面采取适当的优惠措施，具体办法由司法部商最高人民法院、最高人民检察院确定。

August 14, 2008，The justice department national judicial examination office released after the modification《The measures for the implementation of the national judicial examination》。The measures：The implementation of the national judicial examination，Can be in a certain period，To national autonomous areas and undeveloped areas of the candidates，In the condition of education、The exam qualification standards and adopt appropriate preferential measures，Specific measures by the justice department business the supreme people's court、The supreme people's procuratorate, sure。

　　截至2011年年底，共有9万多人通过放宽政策取得法律职业资格。这些措施促进了中西部地区法律职业人才和基层法官、检察官短缺问题的有效解决。

By the end of 2011，More than 90000 people through the relax policy made legal profession qualification。These measures to promote the Midwest legal professional talents and local judges、Prosecutors shortage problem effectively resolved。

　　此外，自2004年开始，国家开始允许符合规定条件的香港、澳门居民在内地考区报名参加司法考试；自2008年开始，允许符合规定条件的台湾居民在内地和香港、澳门考区报名参加司法考试。截至2011年，共有近4000名港澳台居民报名参加，274人通过考试取得了法律职业资格。

In addition，Since 2004，Countries to allow in conformity with the provisions of the conditions of Hong Kong、Macao in the mainland of the residents examination district enrolled in the judicial examination；Since 2008，Allow conforming to the prescribed conditions in the mainland of the residents of Taiwan and Hong Kong、Macao examination district enrolled in the judicial examination。By the end of 2011，There were nearly 4000 residents of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan signed up，274 people through the exam made legal profession qualification。

　　与2001年颁布的《国家司法考试实施办法(试行)》相比，修改后的实施办法对报名条件进一步细化，明确规定，高等院校法律专业本科毕业或者高等院校非法律专业本科毕业并具有法律专业知识的人员，可以报名参加国家司法考试，取代了之前符合法官法、检察官法和律师法规定的学历、专业条件的规定。

And promulgated in 2001《The measures for the implementation of the national judicial examination(trial)》compared，After the modification of the measures for the implementation of the condition signing up further refined，Specific provision，Institutions of higher learning law bachelor degree or higher colleges and universities not legal profession undergraduate course graduation and has professional knowledge of law personnel，Can sign up to the national judicial examination，Replaced with enacted before、Prosecutors method and the provisions of the education law、The provisions of the professional conditions。

　　有一个很重大的变化，那就是这几年来，根据中央关于改革和完善司法考试制度的要求，司法部对国家司法考试大纲内容进行了五次较大调整。社会主义法治理念以及有关政法工作的重大理论观点、重大指导原则都被纳入了考试大纲，试卷命题中增加了考查相关法律的内容和分值比例，注重对司法实践能力的考查，强化了政治意识和法律职业道德的考查。

There is a very great changes，That is in the past few years，According to the central about reform and perfect the judicial examination system requirements，The department of justice national judicial exam outline the content of five times greater adjustment。Socialism government by law principle and the political and legal work in the major theory viewpoint、The significant guiding principles were incorporated into the exam outline，Papers proposition examined increase the content of the related laws and score proportion，Pays great attention to the judicial practice capacity examination，Strengthen the political consciousness and legal professional ethics examination。

　　国家司法考试制度建立的最直接意义在于为国家选拔和培养法律专业人才提供统一规范和标准，包括从事法律职业所必须具备的法律专业知识和职业道德要求。在解决政法队伍人才不足，保证政法机关新进人员质量、提高政法队伍整体素质方面，国家司法考试功不可没。(记者 袁定波)

The national judicial examination system established the most direct significance lies in the selection and training for national law professionals to provide a uniform specifications and standards，Including engaged in legal profession must have the legal professional knowledge and professional ethics requirements。In solving a lack of personnel team of politics and law，Political authority that recruits quality、Improve the overall quality of the team of politics and law，Play an important role in the national judicial examination。(Reporter yuan dingbo the)

　　(来源:法制日报)

(Source: legal daily)