杜甫“忙”完，诸葛“亮”了“课本上的人物”为何频遭恶搞？ Du fu“busy”finish，The various ge“bright”the“In the textbook the characters”Why PinZao stories？

　　近日，一组“正反体”组图在网络上走红，诸葛亮、黄盖、孙权、李白等历史名人纷纷被涂鸦恶搞，大有追随“杜甫很忙”之势。

recently，A group of“Positive and negative body”Atlas on the network to fashionable，The various ge is bright、HuangGai、Sun quan2、Li bai and historical celebrities have been stories graffiti，Follow a“Du fu was very busy”Potential of the。

　　为何网友会如此热衷于恶搞解构历史文化名人？专家认为，过去的课本教育对人物的塑造过于“扁平化”和“脸谱化”，恶搞历史人物体现了年轻一代娱乐至上和颠覆传统的取向，同时也对现代教育提了个醒：应提供给学生多元的看待历史人物的视角，而非刻板的单一形象。

Why would so crazy about the stories deconstruction historical culture celebrity？Experts say，The past textbook education to character molding too“flat”and“profiling”，Stories of historical figures reflected the young generation entertainment first and subverts the traditional orientation，At the same time also on modern education carry a awake：Should provide the student with multiple look at history from the point of view of the characters，And the stereotype of a single image。

杜甫“忙”完，诸葛“亮”了 Du fu“busy”finish，The various ge“bright”the

　　近日，“诸葛亮不亮”成为互联网上关注度颇高的网络热词。这个名为“诸葛亮不亮”的组图在微博、论坛和社交网站上获得大量网友的热捧，仅在新浪微博上组图就有超过14000次转发，在人人网上也有超过万次的点击。

recently，“The various ge is bright not bright”To become the Internet quite high attention on the network hot words。The name“The various ge is bright not bright”The atlas in micro bo、BBS and social networking sites get a great deal of holding the heat，Only in sina blog atlas micro more than 14000 times forward，In all there are more than ten thousand times on the click。

　　组图中，诸葛亮羽扇纶巾、正襟危坐，但随后的诸葛“暗”则是此前诸葛亮轮廓的黑色阴影图，以表达“暗”意；诸葛“孔明”是在诸葛“暗”的基础上，在人物眼睛部位抠掉两个小圆孔，形成“孔明”之状；诸葛“成像”(丞相)更是运用物理中“小孔成像”的原理，让人物在小孔后呈现倒像。

Atlas of，The various ge is bright GuanJin feather fan、serious，But then the various ge“dark”Is the profile of previous zhuge liang black shadow figure，In order to express“dark”meaning；The various ge“The bore is clear”Is in various ge“dark”Based on the，In his eyes parts to dig out two small round hole，form“The bore is clear”narrates；The various ge“imaging”(Prime minister)But also applying physical“Holes imaging”Principle of，Let people in on fall like holes。

　　“很忙”的除了诸葛亮，还有三国中的其他人物，关羽、孙权等均被不同程度地恶搞。《三国演义》中被施以“苦肉计”的黄盖，这次体验了一把网络版的“苦肉计”，被恶搞成“绿盖”“红盖”“盖中盖”以及“新盖中盖”；孙权则被进化成“父权”和“爷权”。

“Very busy”Except the various ge is bright，And the other people in The Three Kingdoms，Guan yu、Sun quan2 etc were stories in different degrees。《Three kingdoms》Be given in“gangster”HuangGai of，The experience a network“gangster”，Falsified into“Green cover”“Red cover”“Cover medium cover”and“New in the cover cover”；SunQuanZe be evolve“patriarchal”and“Ye right”。

　　网友“阳光灿烂”认为，组图大多以字词本身的含义为基础进行创造，汉语的博大精深可见一斑，诸葛亮引发的“反义大挑战”，“让历史人物最近都很忙。”

the“sunny”think，Atlas mostly with the meaning of the word itself the basis of creation，Chinese immigrants are the broad and profound，The various ge is bright caused by the“Antisense big challenge”，“Let the historical figures recently are all very busy。”

娱乐至上，恶搞并不代表爱恨 Entertainment first，Just doesn't mean love to hate

　　专家认为，中学语文和历史教育对人物形象的“扁平化”和“脸谱化”塑造是造成网友热衷于恶搞历史名人的“推手”，而历史人物被恶搞也并非代表了网友的爱恨。

Experts say，The middle school language and history education on the character of the image“flat”and“profiling”Shape is a net friend stories in history of celebrity“Pushs the”，And the historical figures falsified not represent the net friend of love to hate。

　　“80后”李阳认为，在课本上涂鸦或恶搞书本中的历史名人或许是一代人的“集体记忆”，“是否被恶搞，和正面负面人物无关，只和上不上课本有关。”

“After 80”Li Yang think，On textbook stories of the history books graffiti or celebrity is perhaps the generation“Collective memory”，“Is falsified，And positive negative characters have nothing to do，Not only on the relevant textbooks and。”

　　复旦大学传播学系主任廖圣清教授认为，“诸葛亮不亮”的流行是因为历史名人被恶搞和解构的形象与年轻人脑海中原本的刻板形象产生了极大反弹，“这种反弹性会不断激发人们的好奇心，进而参与传播。”

Fudan university professor of communication studies LiaoShengQing think，“The various ge is bright not bright”Popular because of historical celebrities falsified and deconstruction of the image and young people in my mind the routine of the original image produced great bounce，“This kind of the elastic will continue to inspire people's curiosity，And then spread in。”

　　他指出，新媒体技术下的内容生产，其重要的原则之一即是创新性，年轻人将自己的情感融入对历史名人的重构中，本身就体现了年轻人的批判意识与挑战传统、颠覆陈腐的意愿。“只要不是恶意污蔑、诋毁历史名人、有损中华民族文化的恶搞，都是无伤大雅的。”

He pointed out that，New media technology content of production，It is one of the important principles is the innovation，Young people will own emotions into the reconstruction of the history of celebrity，Itself reflects the young man's criticism consciousness and challenges the traditional、Overturn the will of the stale。“As long as not malicious slander、Vilified historical celebrities、Beneath the stories in the national culture，Are harmless。”

　　“过去书本里的人物都塑造得过于脸谱化、符号化了，稍有‘亵渎’就会被看成是‘恶搞’。”复旦大学历史系教授顾晓鸣指出，其实像诸葛亮、杜甫等历史人物本身也是有血有肉的立体的人，而现代教育习惯于将其“扁平化”，变成一组形容词的代表。

“The past of the characters in the book are shaping too profiling、Symbolized the，slightly‘profane’Will be as‘stories’。”Fudan university professor history department GuXiaoMing said，In fact like zhuge liang、Du fu historical figure itself is vivid stereo，Modern education used to it“flat”，Become a group of adjectives representative。

　　在网友的创作下，“很忙”的杜甫与中学课本中“诗圣”忧国忧民、慷慨悲歌的形象构成了极大的反差，更多的是“漫卷诗书喜欲狂”的潇洒。同样的，不同于中学语文课本中的鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已，也不同于《三国演义》中的种种神机妙算，网友创作下的诸葛亮更多回归到有“好为梁父吟”的雅趣。

In the creation of the Internet，“Very busy”Du fu and the middle school textbooks“poet”YouGuoYouMin、Generous elegy image of a great contrast，More is“ManJuan to read like crazy”face。The same，The days of different Chinese textbook spare no effort、one，Is different from the《Three kingdoms》Of all kinds of SJMS，Net friend of more creative zhuge liang to return to“Good for LiangFu bard”Of refined taste。

在课本上还原一个立体的“诸葛” In the textbook restore a stereo“The various ge”

　　廖圣清等专家指出，中学语文和历史教科书里对于历史人物的建构是为了契合社会主流价值文化，但如果因此使人物变得“不食人间烟火”，就难以让正值青春期的学生们产生兴趣。

LiaoShengQing, the experts said，The middle school language and history textbooks for the construction of historical figures is fit to the mainstream of the society value culture，But if so that people become“The mortal”，It will be difficult to make reach adolescence students interested in。

　　“长期以来，学生们缺乏表达自身异于课本和‘标准’的观点的渠道。”华东师范大学社会学研究所所长文军认为，传统教育显得过于单向性、灌输性，学生难以反馈自己的见解，这就导致借由网络来表达意见的声音不断升高。他建议，中学语文和历史教育要更多地“接地气”，尽量还原人物的真实性，让学生易于理解，进而易于学习。

“long，The students to express their own lack of different from textbooks and‘standard’View of channels。”East China normal university sociology research institute WenJun think，The traditional education appear too one-way、Infusion of，Student feedback to their own opinions，This leads to borrow by the network to express opinions voice rising。He suggested that，The middle school language and history education to more“Grounding gas”，Try to restore the authenticity of the characters，Let the students easy to understand，And is easy to learn。

　　顾晓鸣也建议，初高中历史教育要改变“非黑即白”的书写方式，现代教育应摆脱一味地塑造刻板形象，更多地提供给学生多元看待历史人物的视角。“只有充分给予学生对历史人物再创造、再解读的空间，才能在学生心中播种下对传统文化的自豪感和共鸣感而非无聊感和距离感。”(记者 周蕊、郑拓)

GuXiaoMing also suggested that，High school history education to change“Black or white”In the writing of，Modern education should be free from blindly stereotypes shaped image，More to provide the student with multiple look at history from the point of view of the characters。“Only fully gives students to historical figures to create、To decipher the space，The students can be seeded in the heart of the traditional culture of pride and a sense of resonance and not boredom and distance。”(Reporter ZhouRui、ZhengTa)