“阴盛阳衰”的情况在一些文科院系表现尤为明显 “Yin flourishes while Yang declines”In some especially liberal arts college

　

　在男女分别排队录取上过分苛责大学并不可取 In men and women were admitted to line up too harsh university is not recommended

　　大学男女比例严重失调只是表象，其背后是教育领域的深层次危机问题 University men and women is presentative only imbalance，In the field of education is behind the deep crisis

　　本报记者 王小波 实习生 雷冲

Our reporter LeiChong wang-xiaobo interns

　　“男孩危机”是近年来屡屡见诸报端的一个话题。男孩是否真的遭遇危机姑且置之一边，但从高招现场传出的信息显示，文科专业的老师们又该惊呼“红肥绿瘦”了。高校男女比例失衡是一个全球性话题，而在中国又有极其鲜明的烙印 应试教育的全面固化加重了男孩危机，并将影响到基础教育的质量，从更长远的时空来看，还将影响到这个国家的创新力。

“Boy crisis”Is often been made public in recent years of a topic。The boy is not really in crisis just left side，But from the wise came out of the information display，Liberal arts teachers and the exclaimed“Red fat green thin”the。University men and women ratio imbalance is a global issue，While in China and have very distinct brand should try education of comprehensive curing increased boy crisis，And will affect the quality of the education foundation，From more long-term spatio-temporal and see，Will also affect the country's innovation。

　　

“红肥绿瘦”知多少 “Red fat green thin”Know how much

　　“红花多，绿叶少！”河北省内一所师范类高校招生人员从现场发出感叹说。该校汉语言文学专业今年计划招生328人，其中招录男生仅63人。

“Red flower more，Green leaves less！”In a normal kind of hebei province college enrollment personnel from the voice the opinions said。The school of Chinese character literature this year plan recruit students 328 professional，ZhaoLu boys of just 63。

　　近六年来，此专业男女生比例一直在此基数上徘徊。而在代表高层次人才的硕博研究生培养上，男生几乎完败，多个硕士研究生专业都是清一色“娘子军”，如，某院2009级硕士研究生招收女生108名，男生12名；2010级男生14人，女生118人；2011级男生18人，女生131人。“阴盛阳衰”的情况在一些文科院系表现尤为明显，中国传媒大学研招办的老师介绍说，传媒大学男女研究生比例为1：2。

Nearly six years，The professional men and women living in the base on the proportion has been around。And in the representative of high-level personnel at the graduate student training following，The boy finished almost defeated，Multiple graduate programs are uniformly“Women's detachment”，if，Some of the 2009 level master graduate student recruit girl 108，Boy 12 of；2010 grade boy 14 people，The girl 118 people；2011 grade boy 18 people，The girl 131 people。“Yin flourishes while Yang declines”In some especially liberal arts college，Chinese media university grinds manages teacher introduced said，Media university graduate student ratio for men and women to 1：2。

　　中国人民大学经济学院博士生导师顾海兵应邀赴对外经济贸易大学讲学，得知该校的男女生比例为2：8之后大吃一惊。“上个世纪90年代，我在招研究生时，一般20个人里头有三四个女生，现在一半以上都是女生。”某些文科院系的男女生比例失衡超过他的想象。

Chinese people's university school of economics doctoral tutor GuHaiBing was invited to the foreign economic and trade university lecture，The men and women that the school student ratio is 2：After 8 by surprise。“In the early 90 s，I gather in graduate school，General 20 people including three or four girls，Now, more than half are girls。”Some liberal arts college of the men and women living ratio imbalance more than he imagined。

　　在一些男生占据绝对优势的传统工科院校，也出现了越来越多的女性面孔，大有后来居上之势。以省内某工科院校为例，多年前该校男女比例是7比1，现在这个数字将近2比1。诸如机械、锻造，这些过去被戏称为“打铁匠”的专业，“准女工匠”的身影在持续增多。

In some boys overwhelmingly traditional engineering schools，Also appeared more and more female faces，A potential of the v。A in engineering colleges and universities in guangdong province as an example，Years ago the gender ratio is 7 than 1，Now the digital nearly 2-1。Such as mechanical、forging，These used to be called“Play a blacksmith”professional，“Prospective female artisans”Figure in the continued increase。

　　从2007年开始，国内普通高校招生中的女生数量首次超过男生，之后一直出现压倒性数量优势。“以前工科院系女生是‘国宝’，现在文科院系的男生成了‘国宝’。”

From 2007 to，Domestic ordinary college recruit students number the girl for the first time more than boys，There has been an overwhelming advantage after the number。“Engineering department before girls are‘National treasure’，Now the boy became a literary college‘National treasure’。”

　　高校女生不仅在数量上超越男生，入学成绩和校内表现亦让人刮目相看。以公众最关注的高考状元为例，1999年，各省高考状元男生占65.22%，女生占34.78%；10年后，这一比例为，男生占47%，女生占53%。

Not only the number of college girl in beyond the boy，Admissions grades and school performance also let people sit up and take notice。The most attention to the public of the college entrance examinations for example，1999 years，Provincial college entrance examinations boy accounted for 65.22%，The girl 34.78%；10 years later，This ratio for，The boy 47%，The girl 53%。

　　在参与社团组织和奖学金分配上，文科院系的女生更是独占鳌头，近几年来，在教育部所颁发的国家奖学金获奖者中，女生获奖比例远高于男生，部分师范院校的男女获奖比例甚至达到惊人的1：10以上。

In the society organizations and scholarship the distribution，The liberal arts college girl is pulls ahead，In recent years，In the ministry of education issued by the national scholarship winners，The girl is far higher than the proportion of boys，Part of the colleges of men and women winning percentage even to amazing 1：More than 10。

　　过去，女大学生数量剧增一直被视为男女受教育差距缩小，是教育公平和社会进步的一种体现。“大学女生增多，并不表明女性地位在提高。”面对来势汹汹的女生潮，一些高校的学者对此表示了审慎的乐观。

In the past，Flourish of female college students has been regarded as by education gap between men and women，Is the education fair and social progress a reflection。“College girls increase，Not that women's position is improving。”To balance the excesses of the girl's tide，Some colleges scholars say the prudent optimism。

　　男女排队招生 Men and women line up recruit students

　　顾海兵注意到，大学生男女比例失调是个全球性问题，在人们眼中更应该接受高等教育的男生，成绩能够达到招生底线或有大上学愿望的男生数量正在衰减。

GuHaiBing noticed，College students' gender ratio imbalance is a global problem，In people's eyes should accept higher education more of the boys，Result can reach the bottom line or a great school recruit students desire of boys in the number of decay。

　　以高等教育最发达的美国为例，近来申请上大学的优秀男生一直出现短缺现象。为了保持足够多的男生，美国新生入学的成绩并不完全根据SAT或者ACT的平均成绩而定。部分学校坚持男女应在同等条件下入学，造成的结果是女生人数占到近2/3。

In higher education of the most developed the United States, for example，Recently applied for college of excellent boys always been shortage。In order to keep enough of the boys，The United States for new achievement was not completely SAT or ACT according to the average grade and decide。Part of the school insists on men and women should be in the same conditions entrance，The result of the number of girls to nearly two-thirds。

　　在西方，人才评价的多元化，学校对男生降格以求，并没有招致过多的非议。而在有尊师重教传统的中国，相关做法是质疑的对象。

In the west，Talent the diversification of evaluation，The school of boys to degradation，And not draw too much of the criticism。In respecting the traditional Chinese，It is the object of related question。

　　近两年，上海外国语大学、中国人民大学等高校在提前批次的录取上，在划定最低分数线的情况下，采取了男女区别录取的方法。如中国政法大学今年在广东的理科女生投档线632分，比男生投档线588分高出44分。

Nearly two years，Shanghai international studies university、The people's university of China in the early batches of admission，Within the designated the minimum scores，Take the difference between men and women admitted method。As China university of politics and law in guangdong science girl this year TouDangXian 632 points，TouDangXian than boys 588 points higher than 44 points。

　　同考不同分，这一现象在社会上引起了广泛争议。有人认为它涉嫌歧视女性，有违教育公平。来自高校方面的回应说，此举是为了平衡男女比例，是自主办学的体现。国际上名校的招生，对男生都有一定倾斜。“我们知道，男女生比例严重失调对于教学、学生成长、人际关系等方面不利，但可挑选的男生少，不能放着高分的女生不要。”上述师范类院校负责人说，他们仍然坚持男女在同等条件下入学。在部分高校，男女生比例是个敏感话题，校方往往不会公开宣称在某些政策上偏向男生。

Test with different points，This phenomenon has caused wide in the society of dispute。Some people think that it alleged discrimination against women，Against education fair。The response from university said，The aim is to balance the proportion of men and women，Is the embodiment of the run independently。On the international school admissions，Boys are certain to tilt。“We know，Men and women living on the teaching imbalance、The students' growth、Interpersonal relationship is adverse，But the little boy can pick，Can't put a high score girls don't。”The above normal universities chief said，They still adhere to the men and women in the same conditions entrance。In some colleges and universities，Men and women living ratio is a sensitive subject，The school often don't publicly announced that in some policy turn to boys。

　　他们往往会为你分析女孩在考分上完胜男生的诸多客观原因：女生受到的歧视和竞争压力偏大，女性比男性更加早熟，在学习的自觉性方面，男生贪玩，不如女生刻苦。

They often can for you in test scores on the analysis girl hold many objective reason boys：The girl was discrimination and the pressure of competition too large，Early maturity more women than men，In the study self-conscious aspect，Naughty boys，Than girls hard。

　　一位高校负责人告诉记者，在男女分别排队录取上过分苛责大学并不可取。学校之所以偏爱男生更多可能从就业考虑，因为目前社会上的用人单位在同等条件下更偏爱男生，女生就业相对处于劣势，而就业率的高低是教育行政部门衡量高校办学水平的重要参考，就业率低可能会引来黄牌。

A university chief told reporters，In men and women were admitted to line up too harsh university is not recommended。The school boys more preference may consider from employment，Because the unit of choose and employ persons in society at present in the same conditions preference for boys，Girls employment relative disadvantage，And the employment rate is high and low education administrative department to measure the level of university education as an important reference，The employment rate low may draw a yellow card。

　

　基础教育“娘子军”日甚 Basic education“Women's detachment”What day

　　大学“阴盛阳衰”固然有其存在的国际背景，在中国却突显出鲜明的本土特色。

university“Yin flourishes while Yang declines”Are the existing international background，In China, but a bright highlight local features。

　　一位师范大学的教育工作者对目前地方师范院校出现男女比率几何式落差表现出深深忧虑。“且不说女生过多对课堂气氛等影响，这些学生将来很多都要走进中小学课堂，会进一步加剧中小学教师‘娘子军’现象。”

A normal university education workers to the local normal universities ratio geometry type gap between men and women appear showed deep anxiety。“Let alone the girl of classroom atmosphere too much influence，These students in many middle and primary school to go into the classroom，Worsen primary and middle school teachers‘Women's detachment’phenomenon。”

　　幼儿教育和义务教育阶段的“娘子军”现象，已蔚然成风。在石家庄市的多家公立幼儿园，公示牌上显示，除了炊事员和保安为男性外，师资均为“女儿国”；小学校园内仍然是“红肥绿瘦”，为数不多的男老师多为爷爷辈。

Children's education and obligation education stage“Women's detachment”phenomenon，Already come into fashion。In shijiazhuang city of several public kindergarten，GongShiPai shown on，In addition to the cook and security for the men，Teachers are“Girl country”；The school is still“Red fat green thin”，A few more than male teacher for grandpa generation。

　　女教师虽有细心、敬业等长处，社会各界还是担心，男教师稀少的失衡状况会让校园缺少阳刚之气，男孩子更易变得娘娘腔，失去毅力和勇气，也会影响到教师心理健康，女教师普遍存在抑郁、焦虑症状。

Though female teachers carefully、Professional strengths such as，The social from all walks of life or worry，Male teachers scarce imbalances will let campus lack masculinity，Boys are more likely to become like a sissy，Lose perseverance and courage，Also can affect the teachers' mental health，Female teacher widespread depression、Anxiety symptoms。

　　石家庄某区教育局办公室主任告诉记者，目前手头没有男女教师数量的详细统计，但小学女教师占绝大多数已是不争的事实，区里也想在义务教育阶段多引入一些男教师来平衡性别，而师范院校的供给出现了问题，男教师，特别是综合评定为优秀的男师范毕业生凤毛麟角，这种短缺近年来有加剧趋势。

Shijiazhuang district office of education bureau, told reporters，Currently have no male and female teachers number of detailed statistics，But the primary female teachers in a majority already is the fact that does not dispute，In the area also want to in education stage to the obligations some male teachers to balance the sex，And of the colleges of supply problems，Male teachers，Especially the comprehensive assessment for the outstanding male normal graduates rare，The shortage worse in recent years the trend。

　　上述师范院校学者说，并非地方师范院校不想招更多的男生，之所以这些院校对男生的吸引力差，是教育长期投入不足的恶果。“在世俗的眼光里，男孩子对成功和财富更为渴求，女孩子往往图一份安稳的工作，目前的农村中小学教职还仅仅是一份安稳的工作。我们教育投入占GDP4%的目标喊了多年，一直难以兑现，中小学教师待遇和公务员相比事实上还存在不小的差距，因此很难吸引到优秀的男生投身基础教育。”

The above normal colleges and scholars said，Is not local normal universities don't want to recruit more boys，Are these universities and colleges to the attraction of the poor boy，Education is insufficient investment in long-term consequences。“In the eyes of the world，The boy to success and wealth more yearning，Girls tend to figure a secure job，The present rural primary and secondary school teachers also is just a secure job。Our education investment accounts for GDP4 % goal shouted for many years，Has been difficult to cash，Treatment of primary and secondary school teachers and civil servants in fact there are compared large gap，So it is difficult to attract to excellent boys in basic education。”

　　在基础教育阶段，男生就已居于劣势。相关部门对城乡的抽样调查发现，义务教育阶段女生总体成绩明显优于男生。从2008年开始，北京市小升初试行优秀生推荐入学政策，在被推荐的优秀生中，女生的比例明显高于男生。专家们担心，随着越来越多的女教师充实到义务教育阶段的学校，对教学和学生成长都不利，尤其是众多男生“伤不起”。

In the basic education stage，The boy was already in disadvantage。Related departments to the sampling survey found in urban and rural areas，Compulsory education phase girl overall achievement is obviously better than boys。From 2008 to，After the trial excellent students admission policy recommendations，In the recommended in the excellent students，The percentage of female students was significantly higher than the boys。Experts worried，With more and more female teachers enrich education stage of the obligation to school，In teaching and students' growth is adverse，Especially numerous boy“Doesn't hurt”。

　　“师范院校女生多得让人难以忍受。”一位师范院校的老师抱怨道，现在他一走进课堂，就见到女生们齐刷刷坐在前排，认真听讲做笔记，为数不多的男生懒洋洋地蜷缩于某个角落，一抬头的功夫，还有人溜号了。

“Normal colleges and girls more unbearable。”A normal college teacher complained，Now he walked into a classroom，Will see the girls JiShuaShua sitting in the front row，Listening carefully to take notes，A few boys curled up in a corner of the lazy，Looked up time，And people LiuHao......。

　　

男孩危机背后的创新危机 Boy crisis behind the innovation crisis

　　“大学男女比例严重失调只是表象，其背后是教育领域的深层次危机问题。”顾海兵说。

“University men and women is presentative only imbalance，In the field of education is behind the deep crisis。”GuHaiBing said。

　　他认为，现行的教育观念和选拔模式相对更适合女孩子的性格心理特点。我们的中小学教育往往要求学生做听话的好孩子，调皮捣蛋容易被贴上“坏孩子”的标签。男生天性独立爱冒险，不愿意受控制，不按常理出牌，不原意照老师圈定的规矩行事，这样的举动往往得不到老师的包容，因为常受批评，得不到鼓励，不受重视，久而久之，学习兴趣会减弱，人也会变得懈怠，甚至和学校产生对立情绪。而女生比男生更容易服从，讲究按部就班，相对获得好感的机会更多，更易在鼓励和嘉许中获得正能量。

He thinks，The current education concept and selection model is more suitable for the character of the girls relative psychological characteristics。Our primary and secondary school education often require students to do obedient boy，A naughty boy easy to be labeled“Bad boy”label。The boy nature independent love adventure，Don't want to be control，Not in the sense CARDS，According to the teacher is not willing to do the rules of the spot，Such a move can not the teacher inclusive，Because often be criticized，Not encourage，ignored，As time passes，Study interest will decrease，People also can become the rest，Even and school produce antagonism。While girls than boys are more likely to obey，Exquisite step-by-step，Relative gain favorable opportunity more，In recognition of encouragement and are more likely to get positive energy。

　　另一方面，现行的应试教育和评价导向对那些“野性难驯”的男生杀伤力颇大。从小学开始学生守望着大量必修课，遵循标准答案。特别是对文科类专业来说，肯用功、记忆力好的女学生容易考出好成绩，男孩精力旺盛却无处发挥。进入大学后，有三分之二的课程依然是必修课，学生将大量精力花费在必修课上，指定标准答案，他们没有充足时间考虑自己真正偏好的领域。加之大学里诸多社会实践课缺乏量化的考核指标，一些综合考评的加分方式根本无法反映出学生的真实能力。

On the other hand，The current test education and evaluation of the guide“Feral hard training”The boy of the damage is rather large。From primary school students to watch a required course，Follow standard answer。Especially for the majority of professional speaking，Willing to work hard、A good memory female students easily get a good mark，Boy energy but is play。Into the college，Two-thirds of course is still required courses，Students will spend much energy in the required course，Specified standard answer，They don't have enough time to consider their real preferences field。And many social practice lesson in the university evaluation index of the lack of quantification，Some comprehensive examination of the bonus way can't reflect their real ability。

　　“真正的大学，70%以上都应当是选修课，利用选修课来引导学生，而不是以灌输式的必修课来管住学生，更不是以统一的模式和标准分数论英雄的地方。”顾海兵认为，目前的男孩危机，从某种程度上讲是某些教育制度扼杀创造力和创新能力的危机，喜欢冒险的雄性完全败给了喜欢按部就班的女性。

“The real university，More than 70% should be optional，Use of elective courses to guide students，And not with the required courses to take control of the non-computer majors students，More is not in a unified model and norm of the heroes of the theory of place。”GuHaiBing think，The boy crisis，In a certain sense is some education system kill creativity and innovation ability of the crisis，Adventurous males lost to the likes of step-by-step completely women。

　　一些富爱冒险的男孩在竞争中提前出局，远离学校，很难简单地判断这对他个人是有利还是有害。“如果孟非在大学里学一圈，可能就毁了，不是今天这个样子。”

Some rich love adventure boy in the competition out in advance，Away from school，It is difficult to simply judge this is beneficial to his personal or harmful。“If MengFei a circle in the university，May be destroyed，Not like this today。”

　　“但从长远来看，它会扼制创新，影响国家的竞争力。”顾海兵建议，从男孩危机中改革现行的教育观念和选拔模式。

“But in the long run，It will end innovation，Affect the national competitiveness。”GuHaiBing Suggestions，From the boys in the crisis of education reform of the concept and select mode。