为确保教育公平，我国法律明确规定义务教育阶段儿童、少年“就近入学”。然而，当下中小学学校之间存在差距，重点学校人满为患，薄弱学校招生困难，入学择校大战仍在上演。

In order to ensure the education fair，The law of our country stipulates clearly compulsory education phase children、young“Nearby enter a school”。however，The gap between primary and middle school school，The key school of overpopulation，Weak school recruit students difficult，Select one school war is still in the stage entrance。

　　上周，中国青年报社会调查中心通过题客调查网和民意中国网，对10180人进行的调查显示，82.3%的受访者直言当前中小学校际差异大，其中33.7%的人认为“非常大”，48.7%的人觉得“比较大”。受访者中，45.7%的人是家长，11.8%的人是教育工作者。

Last week，China youth daily social survey center through the topic guest enterprise and also public opinion，The poll of 10180 people carried out，82.3% of respondents to the big difference in primary and middle school school，33.7% of the people think“Very big”，48.7% of the people think“Is bigger”。respondents，45.7% of the people are the parents，11.8% of the people are education workers。

62.9%的人认为政府给重点学校的投入和资源更多造成校际差异 62.9% of the people think the government give the key school the investment and resources more cause intercollegiate differences

　　60后的田女士居住在河北省某县城。她说，虽然县里规定学生就近入学，但县城和农村师资力量“严重不均”。“乡里很多老师还要忙农活，教学质量根本不行，升学率很低。县乡择校情况特别厉害。”

After 60's field woman living in a county in hebei province。She said，Although the county provisions nearby enter a school students，But the county and rural teachers“Uneven serious”。“Many teachers also busy village farm work，Don't teaching quality，Graduation rate is very low。Select one school to be especially severe county and township governments。”

　　在河北某镇中学任教的秦老师说，从老师水平、教学设施来看，自己所在的学校与县重点中学差距并不大，但就是招不上学生。好的私立学校数量也吸引了大量生源，使镇中学的招生情况进一步恶化。她所在的学校已连续多年招生困难，每年老师都被“分配指标”去招生。

A town in hebei secondary school teacher of qin said，From the teacher level、Teaching facilities to see，Their own school and county key middle school gap is not great，But is not recruit students。Good private schools also attracted a large number of students' resources，The student enrollment of middle school to further deterioration。Her school has for many years recruit students difficult，Every year the teacher are“Distribution index”To recruit students。

　　造成校际差异的原因是什么？调查中，62.9%的人认为是政府给重点学校的投入和资源更多；63.2%的人觉得是优秀教师更愿意在重点校工作；50.1%的人认为是重点校不愿放弃“择校费”这个巨额收入；50.7%的人指出是家长有“名校”情结；52.6%的人认为重点校教师的培训和进修机会更多。

Cause intercollegiate reason for the difference between the??? What??？survey，62.9% of the people think that is the government to the key school the investment and resources more；63.2% of the people think are good teachers are more willing to work in ChongDianJiao；50.1% of the people think that ChongDianJiao is not willing to give up“ZeJiaoFei”The huge income；50.7% of the people who are parents have pointed out“school”complex；52.6% of the people think that ChongDianJiao teacher training and gain the opportunity more。

　　北京师范大学教育学部副教授苏君阳认为，国家过去实行的重点学校政策，使得资源配置倾斜，重点学校形成了传统优势。薄弱学校无法吸引家长，只能越来越薄弱。

Beijing normal university department of education associate professor SuJunYang think，The country used the key school of policy，Make the allocation of resources tilt，The key school form the traditional advantage。Weak school cannot attract parents，Only more and more weak。

　　21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇，在接受中国青年报记者采访时说，一方面，过去传统的资源配置模式导致教育经费保障一直是以县乡财政为主，县财政与乡财政之间的不均衡决定了义务教育的不均衡；另一方面，地方政府部门为提高办教育的政绩，往往把好的教育资源提供给少数几所好学校，形成一个升学的链条，薄弱学校获得的财政投入不够，导致其师资力量弱、办学条件差、招生情况差，于是薄弱学校越来越薄弱。

21 century education institute, vice President of the XiongBingJi，In an interview with China youth daily reporter，On the one hand，The past traditional resource configuration model lead to education funds safeguard county and township governments has been centered on the financial primarily，The county financial and fiscal imbalance between township of the compulsory education to the imbalance；On the other hand，The local government departments to improve education for the achievements of the，The good education resources often provide a few a few good school，Form a bound of the chain，Weak school obtain financial investment is not enough，Lead to their faculty weak、Managerial condition is poor、Recruit students badly，So weak school more and more weak。

48.6%的人认为校际不均衡会导致校长权力扩大，滋生腐败 48.6% of the people think that inter-school imbalance will lead to the principal power expand，corruption

　　校际不均衡会产生哪些影响？调查中，68.0%的人认为会导致教育资源不平衡，学校两极分化；62.6%的人认为会导致“择校大战”日益激烈，加重家长负担；54.3%的人认为会导致名校规模越来越大，普通学校招不够人；51.4%的人认为会导致普通学校学生难以得到优质教育；48.6%的人认为会导致校长权力扩大，滋生腐败。

Schools will not balanced what effects？survey，68.0% of the people think that can lead to education resources don't balance，The school polarization；62.6% of the people think that can lead to“Usual war”Increasingly fierce，Aggravate burden parents；54.3% of the people think that will lead to more and more school scale，Ordinary school recruit enough people；51.4% of the people think that can lead to normal school students is hard to get high quality education；48.6% of the people think that will lead to the principal power expand，corruption。

　　对此，75.2%的受访者支持建立中小学教师校际流动制度；62.3%的人建议政府对薄弱学校重点扶持。

this，75.2% of respondents support the establishment of primary and secondary school teachers in schools flow system；62.3% of the people that government key support for weak school。

　　秦老师所在的学校已开始实行教师流动制度。以镇为范围，教师三年一轮。参与轮教的教师要到镇其他学校教学一年。但秦老师发现，这一制度在执行中存在阻力和弊病。“学校规定教师参与轮教，不轮不允许晋级，但其实轮了也不一定晋级，教师根本没有积极性，流动产生的居住问题也没人解决。”

Miss qin school has started to practice the teachers' flow system。With the scope，Teacher three year round。The teacher to teach in round to town to other schools teaching a year。But miss qin found，This system in the implementation of the existing resistance and abuses。“The regulation of the school teachers' participation in the round of teaching，Don't round don't allow a promotion，But in fact the wheel to also do not qualify，The teacher no enthusiasm，From the flow is not solve the housing problem。”

　　熊丙奇认为，由于优质学校和薄弱学校的教师待遇相差极大，教师流动很难建立起长效机制，教师只在乡以内或县以内轮换，这无法有效推进义务教育均衡。由于待遇无法保障，很多教师带着情绪轮换，教育质量也难以提高。

XiongBingJi think，Because the quality school and weak school teacher pay differ greatly，The teacher flow it difficult to set up a long-term mechanism，Teachers only in the country within less than or county rotation，This can't effectively promote obligation education equilibrium。Because treatment can't guarantee，Many teachers with emotional rotation，Education quality also hard to improve。

　　“一些优质学校为保护自身优势，不愿意让优质教师流动。能流动的一般都不是最优秀的教师。”苏君阳说，要制定更有利于教师流动的制度，就把教师的晋升、评级与流动挂钩。这期间教师的家庭问题和待遇如何解决，也需要明确。

“Some quality school to protect their own advantages，Don't want to let the high quality teacher flow。Can flow of general are not the most excellent teachers。”SuJunYang said，To make more to help teachers flow of system，The teacher's promotion、Rating and flow hooks。During this period the teacher's family problems and treatment how to solve，Also need to clear the。

　　如何有效推动教师流动？调查中，69.5%的人建议均衡学校间教师待遇和发展空间；65.5%的人希望合理划分流动区域，避免区域跨度太大；56.8%的人认为教师流动要与教师评级评优挂钩，提高教师的流动积极性；46.8%的人表示要制定相关法规明确教师流动办理流程和奖励办法。

How to effectively promote teacher flow？survey，69.5% of the people between the school the teacher suggested a balanced treatment and developing space；65.5% of the people want to rationally divided flow area，Avoid regional span is too big；56.8% of the people think that teachers and teachers to flow author hook rating，To improve the teachers' enthusiasm flow；46.8% of the people said to formulate relevant regulations explicitly teachers deal with flow and flow rewards method。

　　苏君阳认为，一味要求取消所有校际差异，对中国教育发展也不利。要真正实现教育公平，一方面要保证中国孩子有平等的受教育权，另一方面是要保证他们接受质量更好的教育，能按自身特点和接受能力接受适合的教育。

SuJunYang think，Only ask cancel all intercollegiate differences，China education development of adverse also。To truly realize the education fair，One the one hand, to ensure that the Chinese children had equal right to education，On the other hand is to ensure they receive better education quality，According to their own characteristics and accept ability accept suitable education。

　　苏君阳建议，国家首先要保证对各个学校教育经费的投入相对平衡，保证其办学条件相对均衡，保证在大的区域内师资配备相对均衡。

SuJunYang Suggestions，First of all countries to ensure that school education funds relative balance，Ensure the school running conditions relative balance，Guarantee in the large area relatively balanced with teachers。

　　为推动校际均衡，调查中，55.4%的人建议给予普通学校教师更多培训和进修机会；47.2%的人建议限制学校规模，增加学校数量分散学生，避免名校无序膨胀；43.1%的人希望立法禁止收取和缴纳“择校费”；41.9%的人希望家长尊重孩子特点，破除“名校情结”。

To promote intercollegiate equilibrium，survey，55.4% of the people who advise common school teacher training and gain more opportunities；47.2% of the people recommend limiting school scale，Increase the number of school scattered students，Avoid school disorder inflation；43.1% of the people want to legislation that prohibit and pay“ZeJiaoFei”；41.9% of the people want parents to respect child characteristic，break“School complex”。

　　熊丙奇告诉记者，在发达国家，对义务教育经费的保障，通常是通过中央财政或省财政来实现的。法国义务教育经费70%都是由中央财政保障的，所以全国范围内教师待遇大致相当。“要推进校际均衡，就应打破以城乡财政为主的义务教育经费保障机制，推行省级统筹，由中央财政和省财政统筹义务教育的教育经费。”

XiongBingJi told reporters，In developed countries，Education funds guarantee of obligations，Usually by the central government or province to achieve financial。French compulsory education funds are 70% by the central financial security，So the national teachers' pay within roughly equivalent。“To promote intercollegiate equilibrium，Should break to urban and rural financial obligations education funds mainly security mechanism，Implement provincial plan as a whole，The central financial and fiscal obligations of education as a whole province education funds。”

　　熊丙奇指出，我们现在的教育模式是升学教育模式，教育内容围绕升学教育展开，资源配置也是按照升学模式配置。要改变教育不均衡，就要改变政府配置资源这种思路，调整这种升学教育的考核办法。现在，政府部门颁布“禁择令”，要求学生不能择校，学校不能举行相关测试，其实都是表面文章，没有触到核心和实质问题。(记者 周易 黄冲)

XiongBingJi points out that，The education mode is now our entrance education mode，Education content entrance education spread around，The allocation of resources is also according to the entrance mode configuration。To change education not balanced，Will the change of government resources allocation this line of thinking，Adjust the entrance education of the evaluation method。now，The government issued“Forbidden to choose”，Students can't select one school，The school can't be relevant test，Actually all is skin-deep，No touch to the core and nature of the problem。(Reporter HuangChong book)