7月16日，肩负着改革期待却一直在磕磕碰碰中前行的南方科技大学召开“2012年新生录取情况说明会”，南科大校长朱清时在介绍第二届学生的招生情况时说，今年南科大录取了188名新生，其高考平均成绩超出一本分数线69.475分，达到了“985工程”大学的中上游水平。

July 16,，Has the reform looking forward to is in all the top bumps did university of science and technology at the south“2012 new students admitted situation indicated”，The headmaster introduced in south hkust zhu qingshi second students said, in the recruitment of students，This year the university admission south of 188 students，The university entrance exam average grade beyond one this fractional line 69.475 points，reached“985 project”The university, a hierarchical level。

　　据介绍，作为教育部批准的本科提前批次招生的大学，高考一结束，南科大就在全国8个省份组织了能力测试，一共有5932名应届高中毕业生报名参加。经审核，最终有1357名学生获得能力测试资格。

According to introducing，As approved by the ministry of education of undergraduate enrollment batch of university in advance，The university entrance exam one end，South hkust national eight provinces organization ability test，A total of 5932 high school graduate student signed up。The examination，Finally, there are 1357 students get ability test qualifications。

　　在能力测试后，南科大最终向188人发出了录取通知书。报名人数中只有3.2%的人能赢得入学机会，这也意味着竞争的激烈程度。

In the ability after test，South hkust to 188 people eventually issued the admission notice。Registration number of the only 3.2% of people who can win the chance to enter，This also means that the fierce competition level。

　　在目前的中国，虽然高考很难再被称为“独木桥”，但这一比喻放在金字塔尖中国一流大学的竞争上，仍然是贴切的。高考分数排名靠前的学生流向了哪些大学？这些大学的生源排名怎样？无疑值得社会关注。

In present Chinese，Although the university entrance exam is hard to be called“Wooden bridge”，But this parable on pointed pyramid of the university of China's premier competition，Still is apt。The top of the university entrance exam of what students flow to the university？These university student rankings？No doubt worth social concern。

“985”大学和少数热门专业类院校垄断高分考生 “985”University and a few popular major universities and colleges monopoly high marks the examinee

　　在对高分考生的竞争中，站在中国大学金字塔尖的39所“985工程”大学(“985工程”是我国政府为建设若干所世界一流大学和一批国际知名的高水平研究型大学而实施的高等教育建设工程，以下简称“985”大学)占据了最大的优势。

In the competition for high marks the examinee，Standing on the university of 39 pointed pyramid“985 project”university(“985 project”Is our country the government for constructing some have a world class university and a batch of famous international high level research university higher education and the implementation of the construction project，Hereinafter referred to as“985”university)Occupy the biggest advantage。

　　厦门大学教育研究院教授别敦荣及其博士生叶本刚今年作的一项研究《2005～2010年“985工程”大学本科生源质量统计分析》，对38所“985”大学(国防科技大学因其特殊性未纳入研究范围)2005～2010年的招生质量进行了统计排名。他们基于6年数据做的排名显示，前十名依次是清华大学、北京大学、上海交通大学、复旦大学、浙江大学、中国科技大学、中国人民大学、南京大学、北京航空航天大学和同济大学。

Xiamen university education research institute, and professors don't honor this just this year, doctoral student a study《2005 ~ 2010“985 project”University students' quality and statistical analysis》，To 38“985”university(The national defense science and technology university for its particularity did not include the research scope)2005 ~ 2010 years of recruit students quality statistics ranking。They based on six years of data, ranking shows，Top 10 in turn is tsinghua university、Beijing university、Shanghai jiaotong university、Fudan university、Zhejiang university、University of science and technology of China、The people's university of China、Nanjing university、Beijing university of aeronautics and tongji university。

　　但“985”大学总体生源质量也存在明显差异，在别敦荣的研究中，排名最前的清华大学得分为98.69分，排名最末的西北农林科技大学得分为13.07分。

but“985”University students' quality overall as differences，In the study, don't honor，The top score of 98.69 points of tsinghua university，The last rankings of northwest a&f university score of 13.07 points。

　　以两校2011年在河南录取的理科平均分数为例，西北农林科技大学为603分，清华大学高达683分。

With the two schools in 2011 in henan science department admitted average scores for example，Northwest a&f university for 603 points，Tsinghua university is as high as 683 points。

　　据武书连在其制作的《2012中国大学本科毕业生质量100强》表格中显示，“生源质量排名”前9位全部由“985”大学占据，依次是清华、北大、中国科大、上海交大、复旦、浙大、人大、南京大学。外交学院排在了第十位。

According to the book in its production even wu《2012 China university graduates quality 100 strong》Show in the form，“Matriculate quality ranking”Before nine by all the“985”University occupies，Followed by tsinghua、Peking University、ustc、Shanghai jiaotong university、fudan、Zhejiang university、National People's Congress、Nanjing university。The foreign affairs college row in the tenth。

　　武书连告诉中国青年报记者，“生源质量排名”所依据的主要是新生录取分数线。

Wu book even tell China youth daily reporter，“Matriculate quality ranking”Based on the main is new to admit fractional line。

　　不过，“985”大学也受到了一些热门专业大学的竞争，如外交学院、国际关系学院等外交类专业院校，对外经贸大学、中央财经大学等经济类专业院校，北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学等外语类专业院校。这些院校的高考平均录取分数线，大多能排在全国的前20名之内，录取分数远远高于“985”大学中录取分数靠后的大学。

but，“985”The university also have taken some popular major university competition，If the foreign affairs college、International relations institute, a diplomatic kind professional institutes，Foreign economics and trade university、The central university of finance and economics of professional economic institutions, etc，Beijing foreign languages university、Shanghai international studies university and other foreign language class professional institutes。These colleges admit fractional line of average college entrance examination，Most in the national can arrange within top 20，Far higher than admit a mark“985”University of admit a mark on the university。

　　作为专业院校，南方科技大学是第一所跻身于生源质量排名前列的纯理工科大学。

As a professional colleges，The southern university of science and technology is the first among the students' quality in the ranks of pure science and engineering college rankings。

　　在武书连的“生源质量排名”中，西北农林科技大学被排到了第120位。

The book even in wu“Matriculate quality ranking”in，Northwest a&f university to be ranked 120th。

　　在武书连看来，地理位置、校名、心理等因素会影响学生填报志愿。一些专业院校之所以有竞争性，比如涉及到“外”类的学校容易出现高分，是因为考生会因此憧憬今后的生活。“财”类的学校则会产生“钱”的联想，农林类大学难招生，因为考生马上就联想到贫困的农村。

In the book even wu looks，The geographical position、names、Psychological factors will affect students volunteer provided。Some professional colleges and universities are competitive，For example involves“outside”Kind of school prone to high marks，Because the examinee will be so look forward to future life。“wealth”The school of then can produce“money”associations，Forestry university admissions of difficult，Because the examinee immediately associate with the rural poor。

部属高校生源地方化问题仍严重 College students subordinates problem is still serious localization

　　别敦荣的研究还显示，“985”大学录取人数具有明显的属地化特征，优质生源青睐经济发达地区的“985”大学，处在经济发达省区的“985”大学更容易获得优质生源。

Don't honor, research has shown that，“985”University admission number has obvious characteristic Dec.，The high quality of economic developed area in favour“985”university，In the economic developed provinces“985”University students are more likely to gain the high quality。

　　例如，北京、上海、江苏三地的经济发展水平在全国处于领先地位，这些地区的“985”大学也获得了相对较好的生源，生源质量排名靠后的大学主要分布在边远省份。全国各地绝大部分优质生源选择了清华大学、北京大学、上海交通大学等地处经济文化发达城市的大学，其他内地大学对它们几乎没有构成生源竞争威胁。

For example，Beijing、Shanghai、Jiangsu three places of economic development level in the country is in the lead，These areas of the“985”The university also won the relatively good students，The students' quality rankings by the university after the main distribution in remote provinces。All over the country most high quality of tsinghua university student choice、Beijing university、Shanghai transportation university is located in the economic culture developed city university，Other mainland university student to their almost didn't constitute the competitive threat。

　　但在北京和上海之间，仍存在差距，比如，地处上海的复旦大学、上海交通大学，在本地招收的生源质量也比北京大学、清华大学弱。

But in between Beijing and Shanghai，Gap still，For example，Located in Shanghai's fudan university、Shanghai jiaotong university，In the local recruit students' quality also compared to Beijing university、Tsinghua university weak。

　　别敦荣告诉中国青年报记者，造成“985”大学优质生源地域差异的原因，表面上看，是由于“985”大学招生录取人数和录取分数的差异，即源于我国高等教育分省招生计划制度。但从根本上说，是因为各省市经济、文化、人口、教育等发展不均衡的特殊国情。经济发达的城市和地区对“985”大学支持力度更大，具有更富吸引力的文化影响，能够提供更多的就业机会，考生更愿意报考分布在这些地方的“985工程”大学。

Don't tell China youth daily reporter, honor，cause“985”University student quality regional reasons for the differences，On the surface，Is due to“985”The university admissions admit number and admit a mark of the differences，That is our country's higher education points from the province to recruit students to plan system。But fundamentally，Because economic cities and provinces、culture、population、Education and development is not balanced special national conditions。Economic developed city and area“985”University more support，Has a much more attractive cultural influence，Be able to provide more employment opportunities，The examinee more willing to enter oneself for an examination in these parts of the distribution“985 project”university。

　　数据统计也显示，2007年，34所一期“985”大学共招生14.6万人，其中，各“985”大学属地化比例平均值高达36.18%。

Data statistics also show that，2007 years，34 a period that“985”University of recruit students 146000 people，Among them，each“985”University ratio as high as 36.18% Dec. average。

　　记者统计也发现，浙江大学连续数年以60%以上的本地生源比例，高居部属院校本地生源比例排行榜首位。另外，南京大学、复旦大学、华南理工大学的生源本地化现象也非常严重。而教育部期待的数据是30%以下。

Reporter statistics also found，For several years, zhejiang university with more than 60% of the local students proportion，At local colleges and universities of subordinates proportion rankings。In addition，Nanjing university、Fudan university、Students of south China university of technology localization phenomenon also is very serious。And the ministry of education of the data to under 30%。

　　属地化比例平均值高达36.18%，而“985”大学在另外13个无“985”大学省份的招生比例平均仅为1.75%，两者之间出现的巨大差距，也说明了当前高考录取结构的严重失衡。

Average proportion Dec. as high as 36.18%，and“985”University in the other 13 no“985”University of the average percentage of admission provinces is only 1.75%，The large gap in between，Also explained the current structure of the university entrance exam accepted imbalance。

　　数据还显示，2007年“985”大学的平均录取率为1.4%，上海市“985”大学录取率高达4.6%，而全国人口第一大省河南省仅为0.7%；2010年“985”大学平均录取率为2%，上海为5.1%，河南只有0.98%。

Data also showed that the，2007 years“985”Acceptance rates at an average of 1.4% of the university，Shanghai“985”University acceptance rates as high as 4.6%，But the national population first big province of henan province is only 0.7%；2010 years“985”Acceptance rates at 2% average university，Shanghai is 5.1%，Henan is only 0.98%。

　　上海有4所“985”大学，录取率常年处在全国前列。河南省多年来高考报名人数为全国最多，却没有“985”大学，录取率基本都处在全国最末的位置。

Shanghai has 4“985”university，Acceptance rates at the top perennial。Henan province for many years for the national college entrance examination registration number most，But have not“985”university，The acceptance rate is in the national basic last position。

高校有自己的“势力范围” Universities have their own“Forces range”

　　别敦荣的研究还发现，一些“985”大学生源质量虽然比较稳定，但也出现了一定的波动性。其中，清华大学、北京大学大幅领先于其他大学，一直处于前两位。但上海交大、复旦、浙大和中国科大则在3～6名间竞争激烈。

Don't the study also found that, the honor，some“985”University students' quality although more stable，But also appeared some volatility。Among them，Tsinghua university、Beijing university in a big lead other university，Has been in the top two。But Shanghai jiaotong university、fudan、Zhejiang university in China and is from 3 to 6 between a fierce competition。

　　一些学校升幅明显，如北京航空航天大学自2008年开始从第13位升至第9位，并保持了3年。哈尔滨工业大学从2005年的第22名，升至2010年的第14名，可以说是上升幅度最大的大学。但也有些高校滑落得厉害，如华东师范大学从2005年的第12名跌至2008年的第26名，2010年才升至第24名。

Some schools increase significantly，Such as Beijing university of aeronautics since 2008 from 13 th rose to number nine，And maintain for three years。Harbin industrial university from 2005 years of 22,，14 to 2010 in，Can saying is the largest university rises。But there are also some college slide badly，Such as east China normal university from 2005 years of 12 dropped to 2008 years of the 26 countries，Only in 2010 to 24,。

　　20名往后的高校相对位置基本稳定，很少出现变化。别敦荣认为，这也说明高校办学具有长期性特征，很难在短时间内出现大的变化。

20 universities in the relative position is basically stable，Rarely appears changes。Don't think, honor，This means that universities have long-term sex characteristics，It is difficult to appear in a short time the big change。

　　他们的研究还发现，地域相近、实力相近的大学间生源竞争更加明显。如清华大学与北京大学、上海交通大学与复旦大学、湖南大学与中南大学、武汉大学和华中科技大学等。

Their study also found，Regional similar、The strength of the university student similar between competition more apparent。Such as qinghua university and Beijing university、Shanghai jiaotong university and fudan university、Hunan university and central south university、Wuhan university and huazhong university of science and technology, etc。

　　以武大和华科为例，两校6年平均生源质量高度接近，不仅整体接近，在不同省份也非常接近，这反映了两校生源竞争的结果。

To wu3 da4 and huake for example，Two school six years average matriculate quality highly close，Not only whole close to，In different provinces also very close，This reflects the two schools of the results of the competition。

　　高校也有自己的“势力范围”，如在湖北省，北京大学连续6年生源质量稳居第一，说明北京大学在湖北省的生源竞争稳超清华大学。此外，北大在吸引北京、上海、湖南等省份的顶尖生源上也经常占优。

Universities have their own“Forces range”，As in hubei province，Beijing university for 6 years takes the students' quality first，That Beijing university student competition in hubei province on the tsinghua university。In addition，Peking University in attract Beijing、Shanghai、Hunan province's top students were often before。

　　再如，从过去几年看，同济大学在江苏的生源优于南京大学；复旦大学在江苏超过北京大学排第2，在上海、河南、甘肃跃至第3位；中国科技大学在安徽与复旦大学接近，跃至第3；中国人民大学在浙江升至第4位，在西藏排在第9位等。这些情况说明，高校在招生上有自己的优势区域，跟各类大学排名并不直接画等号。(本报记者 叶铁桥）

Be like again，Look from the past few years，Tongji university students' resources in jiangsu is better than the nanjing university；Fudan university in jiangsu more than Beijing university second row，In Shanghai、henan、By the third in gansu province；China science and technology university in anhui and close to fudan university，Versus 3；The people's university of China in zhejiang to fourth place，In Tibet rows in the ninth。The case，Colleges and universities in the recruit students have their own advantages in the area，With all kinds of university rankings is not direct picture of equality。(Our correspondent YeTieQiao）