他所在的温州，作为国家民办教育改革的试点，正大刀阔斧地推行“新政”：按照公办、民办教育都属于国家公益性事业的要求，清理各种不利于民办教育发展的歧视性政策。

His own wenzhou，Private education reform as a national pilot，Are part to implement“New Deal”：According to the public、Private education belong to national public welfare undertakings requirements，Clean up all kinds of private education development against the discriminatory policies。

　　前不久，在温州举行的“关于鼓励和引导民间资本进入教育领域工作座谈会”上，教育部副部长鲁昕高度肯定了“温州试点”过去一年的成绩，并寄予厚望。

Not long ago，Held in wenzhou“For encouraging and guiding non-governmental capital into education field work forum”on，Deputy minister of education LuXin highly affirmed“Wenzhou pilot”Over the past year the results，And have great expectations。

　　实际上，温州和各地的探索为教育部推进民办教育改革提供了重要基础。教育部正积极协调各个部委，为民办学校争取与公办学校平等的地位。

In fact，Wenzhou and the exploration of the ministry of education for all education reform of private provides an important basis。The ministry of education is actively coordinate ministries，For private schools and public school for equal status。

　　最近教育部出台了《教育部关于鼓励和引导民间资金进入教育领域促进民办教育健康发展的实施意见》。来自民间的看法是：这22条意见如果能够在各地得到落实，民办学校将有望“翻身”。

The ministry of education has issued recently《The ministry of education for encouraging and guiding non-governmental funds into the education field to promote the healthy development of private education implementation opinion》。The view from folk is：This article 22 opinion if can get around to carry out，Private schools are expected to be“Turn over”。

“从中央到地方又开始重视民办教育” “From the central to local and paying attention to the private education”

　　17年前，受好的政策的激励，单忠杰燃起了出资办学的激情。1994年，28岁的单忠杰出资3000多万元建成当地“硬件设施最好的学校”，这位房地产商承诺：不从学校挣一分钱。他的学校经历了最初4年短暂的“辉煌时期”：得到了教育部门和老百姓的高度认可，也吸引了全国各地一批公办学校的优秀教师。

17 years ago，Be good policy incentives，ChanZhongJie with capital contribution of running passion。1994 years，At the age of 28 ChanZhong outstanding endowment of more than 3000 yuan to build local“Hardware facilities to the best schools”，The real estate business commitments：Don't make a penny from school。His school after the initial 4 years short“Glorious period”：The education department and get people highly recognized，Also attracted all over the country a batch of public school excellent teachers。

　　1993年，温州在浙江省率先出台有关规定，给予民办教育6个“允许”：允许按成本收费，允许学生家长捐资，允许投资者适时取回本金和利息，允许自主招聘教师，允许接收毕业生，允许自定教师待遇。这种宽松的政策环境，吸引了众多社会力量进入民办教育，至1997年，温州市民办学校、幼儿园数达到2418所，在校生人数为15.2万。

1993 years，Wenzhou in zhejiang province on the relevant regulations，Give private education six“allow”：Allow at cost charge，Allow students to donate money to the parents，Allow investors to back the principal and interest of the timely，Allow independent recruiting teachers，Allows the receiving graduates，Allow for the teachers' pay。This kind of loose policy environment，Attracted numerous social force into private education，To 1997，Wenzhou private school、The kindergarten count to 2418，The number of students for 152000。

　　但从这一年起，单忠杰认为民办学校的发展调头向下，开始滑落。随着国家逐渐加大对公立学校的投入，公办教师的待遇得到明显改善，民办学校的吸引力逐渐丧失，单忠杰的学校沦为了公立学校的补充，一度只能接收考试成绩较差的生源。

But from this year，ChanZhongJie think the development of private school turn down，slipping。As countries gradually increase the investment of for public schools，Public teachers treatment have been improved obviously，The attraction of the private school has gradually lost，ChanZhongJie school into public schools supplement，Once only can receive the exam results of poor students。

　　转机出现在2011年。这年3月，温州市全面启动国家民办教育综合改革试点工作。在几个月的调研、论证之后，该市推出民办教育新政，具有突破性的改革措施包括：对民办学校进行分类管理，给予非营利性的学校“民办事业法人”身份，而对营利性学校按民办企业法人登记、管理；民办教师与公办教师一视同仁，按照事业单位标准参加社会保险；公办学校教师到民办学校支教，保留原有的身份、档案不变。

Connecting appeared in 2011。March this year，Wenzhou comprehensive national education run by the comprehensive reform start pilot projects。In the months of research、After argument，The city's launch education run by the New Deal，Has the breakthrough reform measures including：For private schools are classified management，Give the non-profit school“Private enterprise legal person”identity，And to for-profit schools run by the according to the registration of enterprises as legal persons、management；Teacher of run by the teachers and public alike，According to the business unit standard attend social insurance；Public school teachers to private school to lend a hand，Retain the original identity、File unchanged。

　　单忠杰的中通国际学校成为这一政策的受惠者，2011年，它迎来了7名优秀的公办教师，他们由温州一所享有盛誉的公立小学派出，其中一人正式出任这所民办学校的校长。单忠杰笑言自己的学校“踩在了巨人的肩膀上”，学校招生又出现了久违的“火爆”场面。

The ChanZhongJie zhongtong international school become the policy of beneficiaries of，2011 years，It ushered in the seven good public teachers，They by wenzhou a prestigious public elementary school sent，One of them to be the official run by the headmaster of the school。ChanZhongJie smile said his school“On the shoulders of giants”，The school recruit students again have long time no see“hot”scene。

　　这是办学出资人单忠杰第二次感受到“从中央到地方又开始重视民办教育”。对温州出台的政策，他认真看了4遍，并判断说，如果那些政策真正落实，三五年后，温州的民办教育会有飞跃发展。

This is the second time running ChanZhongJie investors feel“From the central to local and paying attention to the private education”。On the policy，He carefully look at four times，And judge said，If those who really implement policy，35 years later，Wenzhou's private educational association the leap development。

　　单忠杰的身影前所未有地频繁出现在学校，因为“对学校的前景有了信心”，他决定在最近3年把从房地产市场赚来的5000万元投入到校区的改造中：去年暑假投入2000万元建“名师楼”，最近，又增加了1000万元投入。

ChanZhongJie figure an unprecedented frequent in the school，because“The prospect of school with confidence”，He decided to in the last three years from the real estate market to make the 50 million yuan input to school in the reform：In 2000 WanYuanJian last summer vacation“Teacher floor”，recent，And add 10 million yuan input。

民办学校在温州告别了“非驴非马”的身份 Private schools in wenzhou farewell“stools”identity

　　在单忠杰加大对学校投入的同时，温州市的民办教育新政也吸引了30多亿元资金进入这一领域。与该市近年用于教育的100多亿元的财政支出相比，这是一笔很可观的投入。

In ChanZhongJie to increase school investment at the same time，Wenzhou of education run by the New Deal also attracted more than 30 one hundred million yuan capital into this field。And the city in recent years of education for more than 100 yuan ($one hundred million compared to the fiscal expenditure，This is a very significant investment。

　　民办教育真正成为教育事业重要的组成部分，而不是补充力量。温州市教育局提供的数据表明，该市民办教育占教育总量的四分之一，每年可为政府“节省”预算内教育经费近20亿元。2009年温州全市教育经费预算内一般预算支出为73.33亿元，而该市1748所民办学校从中获得的经费只有1.15亿元，占其中1.57%。

Private education really become the important component of the education career，Rather than added strength。Wenzhou education bureau to provide the data show，The city's private education accounts for a quarter of the total amount of education，For government each year“save”The budget education budget is close to 2 billion yuan。In 2009, wenzhou city education expenditure budget general budget expenditure for 7.333 billion yuan，And the city's 1748 school of run by the bang for the spending is 115 million yuan，Accounting for 1.57%。

　　从全国范围看，在约两亿受教育人口中，民办教育在校生多达3866万人，所花的教育经费，每年是1000多亿元，来源于民办教育举办者和家长。

From see nationwide，In about two hundred million by education in the population，Private education students as many as 38.66 million people，Took education funds，Every year is more than 1000 yuan，Private education from the holders and the parents。

　　教育部副部长鲁昕在座谈会上感慨道，对民办教育的认识应该上升到公共服务的高度。如果认识到这一点，“可能会像经济体制改革一样，顺利地突破体制性问题”。她说，教育部支持民办教育发展出台的文件，决不是简单地发展民办教育，而是要增加公共产品和公共服务的供给，满足人们多样化的教育需求。

Education LuXin deputy minister in the symposium regrets way，For private education understanding should rise to public service level。If know this，“May like the reform of economic system，Smooth breakthrough institutional problems”。She said，The ministry of education run by the education development on the introduction of the support documents，Is not simply to develop the private education，But to increase public product and the supply of public service，Meet people's diversified education needs。

　　一些发达国家对待私立学校的经验值得借鉴。温州市教育局调研组了解到，美国私立学校能够从联邦政府和州政府获得占其建校和日常运转费用比例较高的资助，包括直接拨款和税费减免等。美国私立学校的教师与公办学校享有完全同等的待遇，不存在二元体制。德国政府的拨款则能占到私立学校教育经费的相当大的比例。柏林州《私立学校法》甚至规定，国家承认学历的私立学校教师和工作人员，工资由州政府全部负责。而日本在1975年颁布的《私立学校振兴资助法》中规定，对私立大学和私立高等教育，经费由国家补助50%。

Some developed countries to private school experience is worth using for reference。Wenzhou bureau about research group，American private schools can get from the federal government and the states of the school and daily operation expense proportion of higher funding，Including direct funding and tax cuts, etc。American private school teachers and public school enjoy fully equal pay，Does not exist binary system。The German government funding of the private school education can account for a significant proportion of the funding。The Berlin state《Private school law》Even stipulated，The country admits record of formal schooling of private school teachers and staff，Wages by the state is responsible for all。But Japan passed in 1975《Private schools revitalization funding method》Specified in the，For private universities and private higher education，Funded by state aid by 50%。

　　如今，温州要争取用“教育特区”的待遇办“教育试点”工作，冲破现有的政策障碍。从2011年起，该市用于民办教育专项奖补资金由之前的500万元增至3000万元，并决定按生均教育事业费的一定标准对民办学校进行补助。

now，Wenzhou want to fight for use“Education, d.c.”Treatment do“Education pilot”work，Break through the existing policy barriers。Since 2011，The city used to run by the special prize money for education by 5 million yuan before to 30 million yuan，And according to the education from nces to certain standards for private schools enrolled。

　　温州市教育局局长谢树华用3个“前所未有”形容这一工作的推进：领导重视的程度前所未有；部门的配合程度前所未有；改革的力度前所未有。这项涉及教育局、发改委、财政局、国资委、人事局、社保局等多个部门的改革得到浙江省副省长、温州市委书记陈德荣的大力支持，使得教育局避免了单兵作战的尴尬与无奈。

Wenzhou education bureau chief XieShuHua with three“unprecedented”Describe the work of push forward：The degree of attention unprecedented leadership；The department with unprecedented degree；The strength of the unprecedented reform。The study involved education bureau、The national development and reform commission、Bureau of finance、State-owned assets supervision、Personnel bureau、Social security bureau, and other department of zhejiang province deputy governor reform get、Wenzhou municipal party committee secretary ChenDeRong vigorously support，Avoid the solo combat that education bureau of awkward and helpless。

　　最典型的案例就是民办教育的法人属性问题。实际上，法人属性错乱一直被认为是民办教育发展困境的源头性问题。由于民办学校被定性为“非企业单位”，它享受不到公办学校所有的土地、税费等优惠政策。只能按照企业标准为教师办理养老保险和医疗保险，导致民办教师退休后养老金只有公办教师的一半，直接影响了民办教师的队伍质量和稳定。

The most typical case is run by the education of legal person of property problem。In fact，Legal attribute disorder has long been considered a private education development dilemma source sex。Private schools were due to qualitative“Non-enterprise unit”，It does not enjoy public school all the land、Such as tax preferential policies。According to the enterprise standard only for teachers to conduct endowment insurance and medical insurance，Cause of teacher of run by the pension only after retirement public teacher's half，Directly affect the quality of teacher of run by the team and stable。

　　温州市教育局的一项调查显示，据不完全统计，该市民办学校教师的年流动率基本都在10%以上，部分学校的优秀教师、骨干教师年流动率甚至高达40%。

Wenzhou education bureau of a survey，According to not complete count，The city's private school teacher's annual turnover basic were all above 10%，Part of the school's excellent teachers、Backbone teachers annual turnover is as high as 40%。

　　一次，温州市民政局局长对谢树华说：我们没有民办事业法人的证件，不好给学校登记。《民法通则》规定，法人机构包括企业法人、机关法人、事业单位法人和社会团体法人，没有民办事业法人这个名称。谢树华提出：“那我们自己印。”这个建议得到分管教育的副市长的支持。

a，Wenzhou civil affairs bureau chief for XieShuHua said：We have no private enterprise legal person certificate，Not good to school registration。《Civil law》provisions，Legal institutions including enterprise legal person、Corporate bodies、Institutions and social organizations legal person of a legal person，No private enterprise legal person this name。XieShuHua put forward：“That we ourselves to print。”The proposal for education to get the deputy mayor of support。

　　温州通过分类管理的方式，使民办学校告别了之前“非驴非马”的身份：民办非企业法人，而代之以“民办事业法人”或“民办企业法人”。

Wenzhou through the classification management way，Make private school bid farewell to before“stools”identity：People-run non-enterprise legal person，Instead of“Private enterprise legal person”or“Private enterprise legal person”。

民办学校困境有望缓解 Private schools are expected to ease over difficulties

　　民办学校面临的困境有望得到逐渐地缓解。在教育部召开的此次座谈会上，与会民办学校的办学者，对教育部新出台的22条意见给予高度的肯定。

The dilemma facing the private school is expected to be gradually ease。In the ministry of education of the symposium held，The operators of the private school，The ministry of education of newly published article 22 advice to give high sure。

　　辽宁何氏医学院院长何伟是“千人计划”中唯一一位自主创办民办高校的人士。他说：“我回国创业10年，还是头一次体会到国家教育主管部门真的下大力气、大决心来解决民营资本进入教育领域的困难，积极促进民办教育发展。”何伟为此“欢心鼓舞”。他投入巨资办学，据专家测算，要17年才能收回成本。“我拿3500块钱的工资，所有的收益都回报在学校，如果还得不到公平的待遇，还要面临歧视问题，我们很难接受。”何伟说。

Liaoning HeShi dean of the medical school he is“One thousand people plan”The only one non-governmental institutions of higher learning independently people。He said：“I returned home to venture 10 years，Is the first time that the experience to the national education department goal really、Great determination to solve the private capital into the education field difficulties，Actively promote the development of private education。”He therefore“Favor encouraged”。He has invested heavily in running schools，According to estimates by experts，To 17 years to cover their costs。“I took 3500 dollars of wages，All of the proceeds are returns in the school，If it can't get fair treatment，Also face discrimination，It is hard for us to accept。”Said he。

　　他的另一位同行，天津津英中学校长张慧颖激动地表示，当她看到教育部的文件中特别提出，要清理并纠正对民办教育的各类歧视政策时，“有一种委屈的、激动得要哭的感觉”。

He is a fellow of the other，Tianjin jin the high school principal ZhangHuiYing excitedly said，When she saw the ministry of education file specifically，To clean up and correct for private education of all kinds of discrimination policy，“There is a kind of injustice、Excited want to cry of feeling”。

　　“教育部出台的22条意见，给了全社会两个重要的信号：一是国家高度重视民办教育，民办教育未来的发展大有空间和作为；二是国家希望民间力量更多地参与社会事业，为民间资金的流向指引了方向。”吉林华桥外国语学院院长秦和说。

“Article 22 the ministry of education has issued advice，The whole society to two important signal：One is the country attaches great importance to run by the education，The future development of education run by the great space and as；The second is national folk force more involved to social programs，For private funds point the direction of flow。”Huaqiao foreign languages, dean of the college of qin and said。

　　一项好的政策的激励作用在温州已经初步显现，单忠杰拿出更多的钱投入到民办学校的发展中。目前，他正紧盯着教育局和人事部门，要求尽快落实学校教师的“人事代理”工作，以解决教师们的后顾之忧。（本报记者 李斌）

A good policy stimulus has appeared in wenzhou preliminary，ChanZhongJie take out more money into the development of the private school。At present，He is a close eye on education bureau and the personnel department，Requirements of school teachers carry out as soon as possible“Personnel agency”work，In order to solve the trouble back at home of teachers。（Our reporter Nancy）