这边考学极易，那厢招生很难 KaoXue here extremely easily，The box is difficult to recruit students

“180”就能上大学背后的职校招生困局透视 “180”Can the vocational schools, the college admissions dilemma behind perspective

　　一位高职院校负责人介绍，我省(山东)从1998年开始探索高职院校高招录取，当时省内高职只有2所，短短14年时间已经发展到目前的70余所。有些院校上马比较仓促，办学条件、师资力量都没跟上，很难吸引考生报考，这些学校如再不积极应对，很有可能被淘汰。

A director of higher vocational colleges，Our province(shandong)From 1998 began to explore the higher vocational colleges entrance admission，At that time only 2 vocational province，Just 14 years time have been developed to the current 70。Some colleges and universities is quite hasty mount，School running conditions、Teachers didn't keep up with them，It is difficult to attract the examinee enter oneself for an examination，These schools if does not actively respond to，Is likely to be eliminated。

180分的门槛究竟多低 180 points threshold of how low

49万高考生，180分以下的不到三千 490000 high candidates，Below 180 points of less than three thousand

　　去年，山东高招专科二批录取线达到180分，今年专科录取线再平这一“史上最低”纪录，成为人们茶余饭后的一个话题。

Last year，Shandong college entrance 2 batches of 180 points to admit a line，Specialized subject again this year admit a line the flat“The lowest in history”record，Become a topic of ablaze。

　　180分的录取线，意味着高考5门平均只要36分即可叩开一所大学的门。“是高考失灵、大学普及了，还是高校大跃进办多了？”新浪微博用户“科教编导老苏”说。

180 points to admit a line，Means the university entrance exam 5 door average as long as 36 points can be knocking the door of a university。“Is the university entrance exam failure、The university has，The great leap forward much easier or universities？”Sina micro bo users“Science and education director old Sue”said。

　　“分数线在专科高职批次，几乎成了一种象征性的要求。”山东商职学院招办副主任王平安认为。

“Fractional line in higher vocational college batch，Almost a symbolic requirements。”Shandong institute of business ministry manages, deputy director of the WangPingAn think。

　　在夏季高考各类别中，总成绩在180分以上的考生总计有488340人，而今年夏季高考报名人数为497684人，考虑到各门考试平均有7000余人的缺考，这意味着在最终参加了夏季高考5门科目考试的学生中，180分以下的学生仅有不到3000人。

In summer the university entrance exam of of all kinds of don't，Overall the examinee of 180 points or more in 488340，And this summer the university entrance exam register a number for 497684 people，Considering the exams have an average of more than 7000 people lack of the examination，This means that in the end attend the university entrance exam 5 subject test summer of students，Students with below a 180 fewer than 3000 people。

为啥专科线降成这样 Why the specialized subject line drop into this

本科扩张、生源锐减，挤压了专科空间 Undergraduate expansion、Matriculate declined，Squeezed the specialized subject space

　　“考了就能报，没有分数线。”在2012年的高招专科高职场次的咨询会上，不少高职院校没有底气谈“分数线”，对不少高职院校而言，180分就能录取学生是无奈之举。

“Test can quote，No fractional line。”In the 2012 years of higher vocational college entrance required number of inquiry，A lot of higher vocational colleges should not talk“Fractional line”，For many in higher vocational colleges，180 points can admit a student is with trepidation。

　　从2008年到2012年，生源下降让不少高职院校在招生方面有着“过山车”般的体验。

From 2008 to 2012，Students down let many in higher vocational colleges recruit students has“Roller coaster”Experience of。

　　2008年至2012年，高考报名人数由顶峰的近80万，下降了24万余人；本专科录取率由2008年的65%上升至2011年的87%。

From 2008 to 2012，The university entrance exam registration number by the peak of nearly 800000，Fell by 240000 more than person；This specialized subject the acceptance rate from 65% in 2008 to rise to 87% in 2011。

　　虽然录取率在提高，但从2008年到2011年这4年来本科招生计划不断扩张，专科计划却在缩水，对录取率提高贡献较大的主要是本科高校。

Although the acceptance rate is improving，But in 2011 to in from 2008 four years undergraduate enrollment expansion plan，College plans are in shrink，Acceptance rates to improve the main is a significant contribution in undergraduate education。

　　分析4年来本科层次和专科层次录取人数可以看出，2008年和2009年，专科批次的录取人数均超过本科批次5万人以上；到了2010年，在实际录取中，本科计划增加了1.6万人，专科计划却缺额2.2万人；2011年，专科“挑大梁”的局面终于彻底被打破，本科录取人数首度超过专科达到25万余人，专科批次再度缩水4万多招生计划。

Analysis in four years college level and undergraduate level admit number can be seen，In 2008 and 2009，Specialized subject batch admit number by more than 50000 people above undergraduate batch；By 2010，In the actual admission，Undergraduate course plan by 16000，College plans are badly in 22000；2011 years，Specialized subject“plays”Situation finally complete is broken，The number of undergraduate admission first to more than 250000 more than specialized subject，Specialized subject batch shrink again more than 40000 to recruit students to plan。

　　2012年，教育部叫停本科高校扩招。但王平安认为，由于前几年的扩招，本科高校招生规模已经提起来了，生源却下降得厉害，部分高职招生难这一局面难以短期内改变。

2012 years，The ministry of education to stop undergraduate enrollment expansion。But WangPingAn think，Because the years of enrollment expansion，Undergraduate enrollment scale have remembered，Students dropped badly，Part of the higher vocational hard enrollment this situation is a change in the short term。

职校咋还吃不饱 Vocational schools, the zha still do not have enough to eat

对职教有偏见，不少考生宁愿复读也不报专科 Have a bias for vocational education，Many candidates would rather answer read also don't quote specialized subject

　　省招考院副院长董良军曾表示，专科录取分数线的降低，表明我省高等教育资源发展较快，加快了普及高等教育的进程。另外，低分学生的定位是“主要接受高职高专教育”。

The vice President DongLiangJun province recruitment has said，Specialized subject to admit fractional line reduced，Higher education resources in our province show that the fast development，To speed up the popularization of higher education process。In addition，Low position is the students“Main accept education in higher vocational colleges”。

　　还有一个尴尬的现象是，即使分数线划到了180分，专科高职批次仍有大批学校吃不饱。以今年专科一志愿投档为例，即使报考考生达到180分即可投档，文理科仍有约八成院校“吃不饱”。还有文科143所、理科140所院校遭遇“零投档”。

And an embarrassing phenomenon is，Even if the fractional line scratched the 180 points，Specialized subject batch there is still a massive number of higher vocational schools do not have enough to eat。This year a specialized subject to volunteer what calm mark delivers file first, for example，Even if enter oneself for an examination the examinee to 180 points can what calm mark delivers file first，Arts and sciences still has some eighty percent college“Do not have enough to eat”。And liberal arts 143、Science in 140 colleges and universities“Zero what calm mark delivers file first”。

　　济南大智培训学校华德学老师带过多年的高三学生，学生和家长在志愿报考时对职业教育存在的偏见，他感触很深，“即使考分不高，在填报职业学校志愿时，他们也往往考虑两点，一是该校有无升本的可能，二是所报专业能否提供一份体面的工作。”还有些考生受传统观念影响，宁愿复读一年再上本科，也不愿意上专科。

Jinan intelligence training school to learn the teacher with many Howard of high school students，Students and parents in the volunteer to enter oneself for an examination of vocational education when existing bias，He deeply，“Even if the test scores is not high，Fill in vocational schools volunteer when，They also often consider two points，One is this school have rise this may，2 it is the professional can provide a decent job。”Also some candidates by conventional idea influence，Would rather answer read a year again undergraduate course，Also refused to go to college。

　　21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇认为，随着生源数减少，高等教育毛入学率提高，高考录取分数线将越来越低。事实上，在不少地区，根据高职高专的招生计划和具体报考人数，如果教育考试部门不划录取控制线，由于招生计划数超过报考人数，将出现零分上大学的情况。

21 century education institute, vice President of the XiongBingJi think，With the reduction of the number of，Higher education the gross enrollment ratio rose，The university entrance exam to admit fractional line will more and more low。In fact，In many areas，According to the higher vocational colleges recruit students to plan and the specific number of applicants，If education examination department admitted not cross the line，Due to recruit students plan more than the number of enter oneself for an examination，There will be zero points to the university。

低分考生咋培养 探索“宽进严出”，让低分考生成为实践高手 Explore how low grade students training“Wide into severe out”，Let students practice low as superior

　　更为紧迫的是，180分和300分、400分的孩子坐在同一个教室里，又如何保证他们的培养质量？

The more pressing is，180 points and 300 points、400 points children sat at the same in the classroom，And how to ensure their training quality？

　　部分高职也针对目前生源分数线降低的情况，开始探索分类培养。“180分的学生，基础理论确实差一些，但是他们的动手能力挺强。”青岛滨海学院招办主任刘振清说，鼓励基础理论弱一些的学生通过加强实践课程的要求，来平衡这一差距。“比如说，顶岗实习算学分，毕业时不会一个尺度去衡量学生。”

Part of the higher vocational and according to the present fractional line of down，Began to explore the classification training。“180 points of the students，Basic theory do worse，But their beginning ability is strong。”Qingdao institute director manages LiuZhenQing binhai said，Encourage the basic theory of students through strengthening weak some practice course requirements，To balance the gap。“For example，The reform practice calculate credit，Graduation can't a scale to measure student。”

　　“高职院校不要把分数看得太重了，要探索培养学生的实践能力，让他们毕业有出路。”东营职业学院招生处处长张汝山说。

“Higher vocational colleges don't take the scores are too heavy，To explore the cultivation of the students' practice ability，Let them have graduated from the way out。”Dongying vocational college recruit students everywhere long ZhangRuShan said。

　　熊丙奇进一步指出，低分数线要求高等教育进行根本性变革，即实行宽进严出，从发达国家看，高等教育大众化到一定程度，必然有一批学校(社区学院和职业学院)将实行申请入学、注册入学，在这种情况下，要保证高等教育质量，必须实行严格的培养标准，否则学校的学历将贬值，而教育质量也难以得到承认。(记者 杨凡 徐洁 实习生 李巧萍)

XiongBingJi further pointed out，Higher education for low division requires a fundamental reform，That is a wide into severe out，Look from the developed countries，The higher education popularity to a certain degree，There must be a group of school(Community colleges and vocational colleges)Will be apply for admission、matriculation，In this case，To ensure the quality of higher education，Must be strict training standards，Otherwise the school education will devaluation，And education quality also is difficult to be admitted。(Reporter YangFan XuJie interns LiQiaoPing)