进入今天这个话题，先请大家思考一下，大学到底有什么用？提这个问题似乎很“傻”，因为谁都有现成答案。比如，大学就是培养人才，就个人而言，上大学就是为了今后能找个好的工作，等等。这些回答都没有错，或者说可以理解，但起码是不完全的。大学肯定要培养各方面人才，但如果办学的目标就限定于此，这可能是短视的，工具性的。钱学森先生临终提问：为何我们的教育培养不了杰出的人才？看来的确需要反思。很可能是定位出了问题，用工具性思维来办大学，定位太功利，太实际，只想出人才，反而难于出人才。

Into the topic of today，First please think about，What is the university？Ask this question seems very“silly”，Because everyone has the answers。For example，University is to cultivate talents，personally，The university is to find a good job in the future can，, etc。The answer is not wrong，Or can understand，But at least is not complete。University must cultivate the talents，But if the target is limited to this，This may be the myopia，Instrumental of。Mr. Qian xuesen last question：Why our education training not outstanding talents？It seems really need reflection。Probably positioning out of the question，With instrumental thinking to do university，Positioning too utilitarian，Very practical，Just out of the talents，But difficult to a talent。

　　回顾半个多世纪以来，我国大学的办学指导思想，可以说都是以政治性、工具性的思维为主导。上个世纪50年代院校调整，中国的大学普遍被改造为采用苏联模式，学校着重做两件事，一是意识形态培训，二是职业技能培训，目的是为各行业输送又红又专的专业人才。和解放前相比，那一段时间中国高校数量、规模有很大的发展，也确实为新中国建设培养了大批人才。但那时大学的功能被限制，成了完全按照国家的方针计划生产实用人才的机构，而不再是科学文化中心，更说不上思想库，大学在整个社会结构中的位置下降了。大学的文化使命被简化为政治思想的灌输，大学的学业就是培养听话的“螺丝钉”。

Review for more than half a century，Chinese universities' managerial guiding ideology，Can say is political、Instrumental thinking as the leading factor。In the s colleges and universities adjustment，Chinese universities generally be transformed for the use of the Soviet union pattern，The school focuses on doing two things，One is the ideology training，The second is vocational skills training，Purpose is for various industries transfer and profession professionals。Before liberation and compared，The period of time the number of Chinese colleges and universities、Scale has very big development，Does for the construction of new China has trained large quantities of talents。But then the function of university is limited，Become completely according to the national policy planned production practical personnel mechanism，And is not scientific and cultural center，More can't say think tank，University in the entire social structure of the position down。The culture of the university mission is simplified as political thought of the implant，College is to train obedient“screws”。

　　记得当时，每年新学年开学，清华大学挂出一条大标语就是“欢迎你——未来的工程师！”这所大学当时的定位很明确，就是培养实用的建设人才。到“文革”时期，极“左”思潮全盘控制思想文化领域，人才的培养受到严重干扰，像北大、清华等大学出现“梁效”这样的御用写作班子，大学失去了灵魂，被绑到政治斗争的战车上，“文革”结束后，大学恢复招生，上个世纪80年代前期，思想极为活跃，学风相对自由，有些大学在社会思想解放运动中扮演了重要角色，大学特有的文化辐射功能有所恢复。这是我国大学教育很难得的一个黄金时段。

remember，Every year the new school year begins，Tsinghua university hang out a big slogan is“Welcome you -- the future of engineer！”This university at that time orientation is very clear，Is the construction of training practical talents。to“Cultural revolution”period，pole“left”Trend overall control ideological and cultural fields，Talents serious interference，Like north、Tsinghua university appear“LiangXiao”Such a queen's writing group，University lost soul，Tied to the political struggle in the chariot，“Cultural revolution”after，University enrollment recovery，Early in the 80 s，Thought is extremely active，Style of study relatively free，Some university in social thought liberation movement play an important role，University culture radiation function resumed。This is our country university education is very rare a prime-time。

　　最近20年，高校纷纷合并扩张，招生规模急速膨胀，部分专业学院转向综合化，科研得到重视，素质教育提上日程，但市场化的入侵，使工具性的办学思维变本加厉，只是由原先服务于政治变成服务于市场。加上在一些人眼中，大学是敏感地带，意识形态的弦一直绷紧，大学的改革落后于任何其他部门或领域，其畸形发展有日益严重的态势。

In recent 20 years，Universities have combined expansion，The recruitment of students scale rapid expansion，Part of the professional college to integration，Pay attention to scientific research，Quality education put on the agenda，But the invasion of marketization，Make instrumental running thinking be further intensified，Only by the original service in politics into service in the market。Add in the eyes of some，University is sensitive zone，Ideological string has been tighten，University reform lags behind that of any other department or field，The deformity development is increasingly serious situation。

　　在新中国成立之初，大学办学强调政治挂帅，实用为先，这是可以理解的。在那个百废待兴的时期，务实的甚至带有政治功利性的办学思路，有其历史的必然性。那时国家有更紧迫的事情要做，办大学要纳入举国体制，人们也难于超越地看待大学的功能，所以几十年来，办大学都是很政治化、功利化的，缺乏长远的眼光。我们不必责怪历史。

At the beginning of the new China was founded，University education emphasized political reappearance，Practical first，This is understandable。In that his devastated period，Practical and even with political utilitarian managerial train of thought，Has its historical inevitability。When countries have more urgent things to do，Do university to into the system，People also difficult to see beyond the function of the university，So for decades，Do university are very political、Utilization of，The lack of long-term vision。We don't have to blame history。

　　问题是现在时代发生了变化，社会转型，国力强大，空前开放，和上世纪五六十年代相比，办学的条件好多了。在新的形势下，本来我们办学有条件也应当摆脱过去那种工具性思维，有更长远的眼光与胸襟，国家也有这种战略的需求。为什么提出要建设世界一流大学、知名的高水平的大学？潜台词就是要按照世界的通例与成功的经验来办大学。本来这是个进步，观念发生了变化。可是我们的大学这些年来进步不大，水平不见提升，反而变得更加功利。在工具性思维指导下，所培养的人才也是视野偏狭、缺少创新能力的。中国经济这二三十年有飞速的发展，可是我们的大学所培养的在科技方面顶尖的人才，是极少的，人文社科方面那就更惨，在国际上没有什么话语权。现在不是提倡文化战略吗，国家希望文化的软实力增强，可是大学的这般状态，并不适合当文化建设的推手。我们对 “钱学森之问”，还是没有交出认真的答案。

The problem is now The Times have changed，Social transformation，National strength strong，Unprecedented open，And the s compared，School conditions better。In the new situation，B: we are running conditions should also get rid of the past that instrumental thinking，Have more long-term vision and mind，Countries also have this kind of strategic needs。Why put forward to build a world class university、Famous high level of university？Subtext is according to the world of innocence and successful experience to do university。Originally this is a progress，Ideas have changed。But our university is not making much progress in these years，Level of ascension，But become more utilitarian。Under the guidance of the instrumental thinking，The talent is also view intolerance、The lack of innovation ability。China's economy in two hundred and thirty this rapid development，But our university of training in knowledge and technology over the top talents，Is few，Humanities social sciences aspect that is more miserable，In the international nothing say。Now is not advocate cultural strategy，Nations want cultural soft strength，But university so state，When is not suitable for the culture construction of the hand slap。we “Of qian xuesen asked”，Still no surrender serious answer。

　　所以我们应当反思几十年来的高等教育之弊，要寻找和重新确定大学的定位，很重要的一点，就是摆脱工具性的思维。大学当然要服务社会，要培养人才，这是题中应有之义，是大学的任务。但办大学不能只是想着培训人才。大学的定位要高一点，要充分考虑大学的功能。如果定位就在服务当前社会，那大学的功能就被缩小了。办大学主要为的是什么？是给社会提供一个精神的高地、文化的源泉，在这前提下，形成大学特有的文化氛围，然后培养人才、从事科学研究，等等，才是顺理成章的事情。事实证明，办大学只想着意识形态灌输和技术传授，这种狭隘的思维模式既培养不了杰出的人才，也不可能和世界一流的大学竞争。

So we should reflect on dozens of years of higher education of the disadvantages，To find and to determine the orientation of the university，The important thing，Is get rid of instrumental thinking。University of course to serve the society，To cultivate talents，This is one of the central topics in righteousness，Is the mission of a university。But do university cannot just thinking of training talent。The orientation of the university to a little higher，Should fully consider the function of the university。If positioning in current social service，The function of the university was narrowed。University major in order to do what？To the society is to provide a spiritual heights、Culture source of，In this premise，Form university culture atmosphere，Then training talents、Engaged in scientific research，, etc，Is the logical thing。Facts have proved，Do university just want to the ideology infusion and technical teaching，This narrow thinking mode not only cultivate the outstanding talents，It is impossible and the world first-class university competition。

　　大学是现代社会的产物，西方很多有名的大学，也是经过多年的历练，才最后成为科学文化的中心，成为精神的高地。所有著名的大学对于社会都有文化导向作用，这种导向是因为既关注社会，又能适当超越，和社会现实生活保持一些距离，有相对的独立性。大学不能和社会混同，应当有理想，有批判精神，有自由的空气，创新的氛围。大学应当比社会“纯净”一些，是社会的特区，是文化建设的实验场。大学集中了一批知识精英，作为社会良知和理性的代表，超越利益集团，是制约利益冲突，促进社会稳定进步的力量。大学文化的使命是培育公民的自我意识、独立意志、公平竞争、社会责任、公共道德等理性素养，而不只是专业技术。大学的精神不是靠习俗或道德来维持，而是由学者和大学生源源不息的追求来支撑。自由的思想探索、批判的意识、学术的切磋、独到的发现、大胆的创新、个性的充分发展，都是大学所追求的精神境界。大学文化向社会辐射，能成为社会文化秩序的建设力量。成熟的大学对社会有超前性、批判性、创造性，不应当满足于服务当前，迎合时尚，不应重物质轻精神，重经济轻文化，重科技轻人文，重操作轻思想。在大学特有的文化氛围中培养学生健全人格，发掘他们的潜力，这和我们通常讲的专业训练是有差别的。

University is the outcome of modern society，The west a lot of famous university，Also after years of experience，To eventually become a scientific and cultural center，Become a spiritual heights。All the famous university for society has culture guiding role，This guide is because not only pay attention to the social，And can properly beyond，And social reality life keep some distance，Have relative independence。University cannot and social confusion，Should have ideal，A critical spirit，Have the freedom of the air，Innovation atmosphere。Universities should than social“pure”some，Is the social SAR，Is the culture construction of the experimental field。The university of concentrated a batch of intellectual elite，As a social conscience and rational representative，Beyond the interest group，Is restricted conflict of interest，To promote the social stability the power of progress。University culture mission is to foster citizen consciousness、Independent will、Fair competition、Social responsibility、Public morality and rational literacy，And not just professional technology。University spirit not by customs or moral to maintain，But by scholars and students has not pursue to support。The idea of freedom to explore、Critical consciousness、Academic discussion、Original found、Bold innovation、The full development of personality，The university is the pursuit of the spirit realm。University culture to social radiation，Can become a social and cultural order power construction。Mature university to the society advance、critical、creative，Should not be satisfied with the service，Cater to the fashion，Should not the weight light spirit，Heavy economic light culture，Heavy technology light humanities，Retry light thought。In the university culture atmosphere of fostering the students' healthy personality，Explore their potential，This and we usually speak professional training is discriminating。

　　爱因斯坦说，学校的目标始终应当是，青年人在离开学校时，是作为一个和谐的人，而不是作为一个专家。

Albert Einstein said，The goal of the school always should be，Young people leave school，As a harmonious people，And not as an expert。

　　香港中文大学原校长金耀基说，学生在大学里，实际上是学4种东西：一是学怎样读书；二是学怎样做事；三是学怎样与人相处；最后是学怎样做人。

The Chinese university of Hong Kong, the original principal said c.k. religion，Students in the university，Is actually learn four things：One is to learn how to read；The second is to learn how to do；Three is to learn how to get along with people；The last is to learn how to be a real man。

　　都是讲“人”，我理解是大写的“人”，而不是一般说的“人才”或者“专家”，这和我们通常对于大学功能的认识是很不同的。温儒敏

Are speak“people”，I understand is capital“people”，Rather than general said“talents”or“experts”，This and we usually for the understanding of the function of university is very different。WenRuMin