医护人员在为低视力儿童做眼底检查 IC供图 Medical personnel in the low vision for children do fundus examination IC for diagram

　　晚报记者 贺天宝 实习生 吴瑞莲

Evening news reporter royal tianbao interns WuRuiLian

　　即将开学，沪上各大眼科医院又开始热闹起来。记者从复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院、上海市眼病防治中心等医院了解到，近日医院的“小病号”明显增多，每天前来就诊的“学生族”病人可达三千余人，同比增长了一倍左右，各大眼科医院迎来了开学前的门诊高峰。专家表示，沪上近视率近年来呈现低龄化趋势，而各类电子产品则为头号“元凶”，还有不少家长误把孩子弱视当成近视，耽误了治病时机。

Will start，Shanghai each big eye hospital began to hilarious。Reporters from fudan university affiliated eye and ear infirmary、Shanghai eye disease prevention and control center hospital to know，Recently the hospital“Small patient”Significantly more，Every day the to come round to see a doctor“Students race”The patient can reach more than three thousand people，Year-on-year growth of a times the left and right sides，Each big eye hospital ushered in the peak before the start of the outpatient service。Experts say，Shanghai myopia rate in recent years DiLingHua present trend，And all kinds of electronic products is number one“ringleader”，There are many parents mistake children amblyopia as myopia，The delay time to heal。

　　【案例】

【case】

　　中班孩子出现近视

Middle shift children appear myopia

　　今年暑假，幼儿园中班的小乐异常忙碌，父母为他报了好几门早教班，数学，书法，英语……此外，休息期间，父母还严禁孩子出去游玩，让孩子在家练琴、认字。这样一个多月下来，父母发现最近小乐看东西时，经常揉眼、眯眼，于是赶紧带孩子来医院验光。经过检查，小乐视力只有0.5，近视已有100度。

This summer，The kindergarten classes XiaoLe is very busy，For his parents to several door class early，mathematics，calligraphy，English……In addition，Rest period，Parents also it is strictly prohibited to children go out to play，Let the child at home to practice、To read。Such a many month down，Parents find recently XiaoLe see things，Often rub the eyes、Narrowed eye，So hurriedly take children to the hospital optometry。After inspection，XiaoLe vision only 0.5，More than 100 degrees myopia。

　　才念幼儿园的孩子就已经出现100-200度的近视，上海市眼病防治中心防治科主任朱剑锋介绍，“儿童近视已经出现明显的低龄化趋势。 ”据悉，一些家长为了让孩子不荒废近两个月的暑期时光，纷纷为他们报了许多补习班。这群孩子因为练习钢琴、书法等而大大增加了近距离用眼的时间，而户外活动时间却明显减少。时间一长，久坐少动，使得眼球运动的机会也逐渐变少，许多孩子因此视力下降。

Just read the kindergarten children have been 100-200 degrees of myopia，Shanghai eye disease control and prevention center control section head ZhuJianFeng is introduced，“Children myopia has appeared obviously DiLingHua trend。 ”It is reported，Some parents in order to let the children don't waste nearly two months of summer time，For they have for the many cram school。This group of children because practice the piano、Calligraphy and significantly increased the close time with the eye，And outdoor activity time was significantly reduced。Time a long，Sedentary less dynamic，Make eye movement opportunities will gradually become less，Many children so vision loss。

　　连续看电玩视物模糊

Continuous look at video games look matter fuzzy

　　8岁的兵兵最近一段时间总是说看不清楚东西，父母带他到医院检查时才发现已经患了近视。父母百思不得其解，这孩子这么小怎么就得了近视呢？原来，兵兵经常趁父母都不在家的时候，玩手机游戏，往往一玩就是四五个小时，而且身陷其中，无法自拔，最终造成用眼过度，患上近视。

Eight years old soldier soldier in recent period of time always said see not clear thing，Parents take him to the hospital inspection found that has had myopia。Parents about，The child so small how got myopia？The original，Bing bing often while parents are not at home，Play mobile games，Often a play is four or five hours，And in the，Cannot extricate oneself，Eventually cause with the eye excessive，Have myopia。

　　复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院眼病防治中心主任周行涛指出，人们在使用手机等电子产品时，阅读距离往往要比看书时的阅读距离更近，这样会使眼睛聚焦时的角度增大，造成眼睛的睫状肌收缩的幅度增大，时间一长，睫状肌自然容易感到疲劳。

Fudan university affiliated eye and ear infirmary eye disease control and prevention center director pointed out that go out，People use mobile phones and other electronic products，Reading distance often than when reading a book reading distance closer，This will make the eye focus when the Angle increases，Create the eye of the ciliary muscle contraction amplitude increases，Time a long，Ciliary muscle easy to feel tired。

　　专家表示，对儿童视力影响最大的是手机，其次是电脑、电视等电子产品。这主要由于手机本身屏幕比较小，距离眼睛较近。有时，孩子为了躲避父母，通常喜欢躲在被窝里玩手机，这些都会导致视力的下降。

Experts say，On children's vision is the greatest impact mobile phone，The second is the computer、TV and other electronic products。This is mainly because of the phone itself relatively small screen，Distance is close eyes。sometimes，The child to get away from their parents，Usually like to hide in the bedding cellphone，These will lead to eyesight declines。

　　【专家说法】

【Experts said】

　　户外活动少会影响视力

Outdoor activities can affect vision less

　　临床调查发现，如今孩子们经常整天宅在家里，有的疯狂沉迷网络游戏，有的躺在床上看碟片、看电视，很少参加户外运动。往往一个假期下来，不少孩子出现视力明显减退，开学后已看不清前方黑板上的字了。

Clinical survey found，Now the children often home all day at home，Some crazy addict network game，Some lying in bed watching DVDS、Watching TV，Seldom in taking part in out-door sports。Often a holiday down，Many children were obviously decreased visual acuity，Since school can't see the words on the blackboard ahead the。

　　周行涛告诉记者，近视形成原因主要包括先天性遗传和后天环境影响两方面。环境因素既包括了外部自然环境，也包括孩子的用眼习惯。不少孩子平时用眼习惯不好，比如看书、写字时姿势不正确，在强光、暗光下进行阅读，经常接触电视、电脑等，都会造成近视。

Out go told reporters，Myopia formation reasons mainly include congenital genetic and environmental impact two aspects the day after tomorrow。Environmental factors includes both the external natural environment，Also includes the child's eyes habits。Many children with eye bad habits at ordinary times，Such as reading、Writing posture is not correct，In the light、Dark light of reading，Often contact TV、computers，Will cause myopia。

　　此外，缺乏户外活动，自然光照时间过少，也会影响孩子的视力。新加坡一项对学龄儿童进行的调查证明，每天有累计半小时户外活动的孩子近视率为24%，每天如有3小时户外活动，可使学龄儿童几乎不近视。研究指出，户外活动是指走出室外，不看近处（如电脑、电视、书本和作业等），尽量远眺，可保护视力。

In addition，Lack of outdoor activities，Natural light too little time，Also can affect a child's vision。Singapore a survey of school-age children proof，Every day there are accumulated half an hour outdoor activities children myopia rate was 24%，If you have three hours every day outdoor activities，Can make the school-age children hardly myopia。Research indicates that，Outdoor activities is to point to out of the outdoor，From near（Such as computer、TV、Books and homework, etc），Try to overlook，Can protect vision。

　　《柳叶刀》的一份研究报告也显示，造成近视不光是基因问题，也不仅是看书写字导致的用眼过度，还因为阳光接触得不够。据了解，接触阳光能刺激化学物质多巴胺的生成，而多巴胺能防止眼球变长和进入眼睛的光线的焦点受到扭曲。因此，多在室外活动、运动、晒太阳，可以减少近视的发生和发展。

《The lancet》A study also shows，Myopia is not only caused by genetic problem，Also is not only the result of reading and writing with the eye excessive，Also because the sun contact enough。It is understood，Contact sunshine can stimulate the formation of chemical dopamine，And dopamine can prevent eye get long and into the eyes of the focus of light by distortion。therefore，In outdoor activities、movement、bask，Can reduce myopic occurrence and development。

　　警惕误把弱视当近视

Alert mistake when myopic amblyopia

　　今年6岁的东东刚上幼儿园大班，但是小小年纪，东东的眼神就不太好。平时，东东老歪着脑袋看电视，并且会不自觉地与电视机凑得很近，还总嚷嚷眼睛看不清。东东妈妈以为孩子是近视，可到眼镜店配眼镜也无济于事。后来，在上海市眼病防治中心经医生检查才发现，原来东东不是 “近视”，而是“弱视”。

This year at the age of six east just in kindergarten class，But small age，East east of look in the eyes is not so good。At ordinary times，Dongdong old aslant head to watch TV，And will not consciously and TV set up close，Always rang rang the eye looks, not be clear。Dongdong mother thought the child is myopia，The optician glasses also of no help。later，In the eye disease control and prevention center via doctor examination found that，The original east east is not “myopia”，but“amblyopia”。

　　朱剑锋说，幸亏病情发现及时，一旦到了十二、三岁，眼睛发育已经基本完成之后再来进行治疗，治愈率几乎为零，孩子就会成为 “睁眼瞎”。弱视是儿童最常见的眼科疾病之一，也是一种严重危害儿童视功能的眼病。弱视人群经眼科全面检查，眼球无器质性病变，但视力低下，配镜后无法提高视力。患弱视的孩子一定要及早治疗，切勿认为是“近视眼”，错过最佳治疗时期，导致单眼或双眼视力低下，影响视觉功能发育。

ZhuJianFeng said，Thanks to was found in time，Once in twelve、Three years，Eyes development has been basically finished then to treatment，Cure rate is almost zero，The children will become “helpless”。Amblyopia children is the most common eye disease one，Is also a kind of serious harm children's visual function of eye disease。The amblyopia by eye overall check，Eye no organic disease，But low vision，After glasses can't improve eyesight。With amblyopia children must be treated as early as possible，Do not think that is“nearsightedness”，Miss the best treatment period，Cause monocular or binocular vision is low，Affect visual functional development。

　　据了解，目前国内的弱视发病率为1.6%—3.6%，儿童弱视发病比例一般为2%—4%。治疗儿童弱视时机很重要，在临床上治疗儿童弱视的最佳时机是在6岁之前。如果孩子超过6岁，且其视觉发育完全，这样不仅给治疗增加难度，还有可能使孩子永远丧失立体视觉。

It is understood，At present domestic incidence of amblyopia was 1.6% - 3.6%，The children amblyopia general proportion is 2% - 4%。Treatment of children with amblyopia timing is important，In the clinical treatment of children with amblyopia is the best time in six years old before。If a child more than 6 years old，And the visual development completely，In this way, not only increase the difficulty to treatment，And may make the child always lose stereoscopic vision。

　　每半年检查视力做好预防

Every six months to prevent eye examination

　　周行涛曾接诊过一位小患者，孩子今年十岁，从小就患有近视，但近三四年间度数一下子窜升至一千度，父母见状将其带到医院进行检查，经瞳孔放大发现孩子是双眼晶体半脱位。据了解，这种疾病很难进行眼镜矫正，通常只能进行手术治疗，并且病情严重可造成全身异常，危及生命。

Go out once accepts a small patients，The child was ten years old this year，Since the childhood with myopia，But nearly three or four years at a draught soared to a degree QianDu，The parents looked at it to the hospital for examination，The pupil dilation found that children are eyes crystal subluxation。It is understood，This kind of disease is difficult to glasses correction，Usually can only carry on the surgical treatment，And in serious condition can cause systemic anomaly，life-threatening。

　　为此专家建议，家长除了暑假带着孩子来看病，更需要平时就应做好预防工作。对于孩子，无论其是否患有近视，都应定期进行视力检查，最好每半年测量一次眼球长度，若条件允许的话还可进行验光。如果发现视力下降，要及时诊治，近视程度加深时，应及时重新验光配镜。倘若发现不是近视，而是斜弱视，越早发现并及时治疗，效果越好，如错过治疗黄金时间，则收效甚微。当然，对于近视家庭的“高危”孩子，就更应该在平时严格控制其用眼时间，要求其多进行锻炼和注意休息眼睛，定期检查视力，观察视力变化。

Therefore expert advice，Parents in addition to summer bring their children to see a doctor，Need more at ordinary times should be doing well the prevention work。For children，No matter whether it is with myopia，Should be regular eye，Every six months the best measuring a eye length，If the condition permits can conduct optometry。If it is found that vision loss，To timely diagnosis and treatment，When myopic degree deepen，Should be timely to optometry glasses。If discovery is not myopia，But oblique amblyopia，The earlier found and timely treatment，The better the results，If miss treatment golden time，Colour-blindness is。Of course，For myopia family“high-risk”children，More at ordinary times should be strictly control the time with the eye，Ask its more exercise and pay attention to rest eye，Regular inspection vision，Visual acuity change。

　　周行涛指出，减少视力负荷，养成良好的用眼习惯是预防近视的关键。患者应避免连续近距离用眼、使用电脑时间过长。一般，用眼1小时后应休息10分钟左右，进行远眺来调解放松。而写字、阅读时，姿势要端正，眼与读物距离保持25至30cm左右，不要在运动或卧床情况下看书。此外，家长要有意识地为孩子创造良好的照明条件，家庭照明以60W白炽灯放在书桌的左上角为宜。

Out points out that go，Reduce vision load，Develop a good use eye habits are the key to prevention of myopia。Patients should avoid continuous close eyes、Use computer for a long time。general，With the eye after 1 hour should rest for 10 minutes or so，The mediation on to relax。And write、When reading，Posture to correct，Eye with reading distance keep 25 to 30 cm，Don't in sports or bed cases reading。In addition，The parents should be conscious of the need for children to create a good lighting condition，Family lighting to 60 w incandescent lamp in the top left hand corner of the desk is advisable。

　　区分真假性近视对症治疗

To distinguish real pseudomyopia symptomatic treatment

　　不少家长认为，孩子不要戴眼镜，越戴视力越差。朱剑锋表示，一旦发现孩子近视，须去正规医院接受检查，区别真假近视。对于真性近视，要在眼科医院准确验光，佩戴合适眼镜。这样可以起到控制或缓解近视度数发展的目的，并保持良好的矫正视力，这也是治疗真性近视最安全的方法。如果近视了不戴眼镜，看远处看得不够清楚，会引起眼睛疲劳，长期如此容易造成度数加深。对于一千度以上的高度近视患者也可选择进行手术治疗，但切记年龄需要在18周岁以上。而假性近视则可以通过药物治疗方法治疗。比如，中医的针灸治疗以及相关调节力的物理训练，这些方法对于假性近视都有一定成效，但对于真性近视作用却不大。

Many parents think，Children don't wear glasses，The more the worse wear vision。ZhuJianFeng said，Once found that children myopia，Must go to normal hospital inspection，Difference between true and false myopia。For true myopia，In eye hospital accurate optometry，Wear appropriate glasses。So can rise to control or alleviate myopic degree development purpose，And keep the good vision correction，This is also true myopia treated the most safe method。If the myopia wear glasses，See the distance see clearly enough，Will cause eye fatigue，Long-term so easy to cause the deepening degree。For a QianDu more high myopia patients also can choose to surgical treatment，But remember that age need in more than 18 one full year of life。And pseudomyopia can use drug therapy method to treat。For example，The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture treatment and related DiaoJieLi physical training，These methods for pseudomyopia have a certain effect，But for true myopia effect but is not big。