这些年，创业成了个热词，高职学生创业更是件热事。为了鼓励创业，从中央到地方出台了一系列政策措施，内容之广、措施之实、含金量之高、力度之大可谓前所未有。但是，每年高职院校毕业生真正走上创业之路的却是屈指可数。高职学生创业难，在校高职学生创业更难，难在哪里？学生、学校、专家、社会各有各的说法，概括起来：一是资金不足，二是项目难找，三是经验缺乏。

these，Entrepreneurial became a hot word，Higher vocational students' venture is a hot things。In order to encourage entrepreneurship，From central to local issued a series of policies and measures，Content wide、Reality of the measures、Gold content of the high、The strength is unprecedented。but，Every year graduates from higher vocational colleges to the road of entrepreneurship really is can be counted on one's fingers。Higher vocational students' venture difficult，Higher vocational students in business more difficult，Where is difficult？students、The school、experts、Social each have each statement，In summary：One is the lack of funds，Two projects are hard to find，The third is lack of experience。

严金发 YanJinFa

　　对于高职学生创业难的说法虽然很多，但大家共同认可的一个现实是：高职学生的创业热情的确是很高的。那么，影响创业的难道真的就是资金、项目和经验这三大“罪魁祸首”吗？其实不然。浙江省义乌工商职业技术学院这些年开展创业教育的结果是，2011年经省教育厅复核并颁发高校毕业生自主创业证书的有235人，创业率为8.5%；2012年经省教育厅复核发证379人，创业率为15%。那么，义乌工商职院又是如何有效提高高职学生创业率的呢？

For higher vocational students' venture difficult that although a lot of，But common approved a reality is：Higher vocational students' entrepreneurial enthusiasm is really high。so，Influence of venture capital can it really is、Project and experience this three“culprit”?？Actually otherwise。Zhejiang commerce yiwu vocational technical college years development venture education result is，In 2011, the provincial education department issued by review and college graduates independent business certificate of 235 people，Entrepreneurship rate was 8.5%；In 2012, the provincial education department review license issuing 379 people，Entrepreneurship rate was 15%。so，Commerce yiwu vocational-technical college and how to effectively improve higher vocational students' venture rate？

创业一定要有雄厚的资金吗？ Business must have abundant capital？

　　从各类问卷调查反映的情况看，资金不足似乎是妨碍和影响高职学生创业的一个普遍性问题。但只要我们客观、实事求是、心平气和地分析，就发现未必是这样。我们要搞清楚三个问题，其一，什么是创业？关于创业的定义，仁者见仁，智者见智，但大家都不否认创业就是利用智商、情商、胆商，抓住机会、白手起家、无中生有、创造财富的过程。这说明，白手起家、从无到有才是真正的创业。其二，要创什么业？高职学生创业须从实际出发，小本入手，低位起步，先开好头，积累经验，循序渐进。小本起步的创业更有成就感，更能看出创业的大本领。其三，靠什么创业？凡成功的创业者都有一条共同经验：创业成功靠的不是金钱，而是那些比金钱更重要、更珍贵的东西，诸如眼光、胆识、毅力等。

From all kinds of survey reflects the circumstance looks，Insufficient funds seems to be interfere with and influence higher vocational students undertaking a universal problem。But as long as our objective、Seeking truth from facts、Calmly analysis，He found that is not necessarily so。We want to make clear the three questions，one，What is the business？About the definition of business，opinion，views，But everybody do not deny that business is to use intelligence quotient (IQ)、Emotion quotient (eq)、Bravery quotient，Seize the opportunity、Starting from scratch、Out of thin air、The process of creating wealth。This shows，Starting from scratch、Start from scratch is the real business。The second，What industry to and？Higher vocational students' venture must proceed from reality，Small of，Low starting，I open a great start，Accumulate experience，Step by step。Small start business is more a sense of accomplishment，Can see the big business skills。thirdly，Rely on what entrepreneurial？Every successful entrepreneurs have a common experience：Business success depends on is not the money，But the more important than money、The more precious things，Such as eye、Courage and insight、Perseverance, etc。

　　义乌工商职院2009届毕业生杨甫刚是浙江台州人，他家境贫寒，在校为解决生活费，曾捡过空饮料瓶；为省1.5元公交车费，借了一辆破自行车往返于学校和市场之间；夏天再热也不买瓶装水喝……他用仅有的生活费搞电子商务开淘宝店，逐渐增加积累，2009年毕业时月收入超3万元，还获得学院首届创业奖，他将2万元奖金捐出，资助学弟学妹创业。杨甫刚现在是义乌亿购电子商务有限公司董事长，公司员工40人。对于创业成功的要诀，杨甫刚的回答只有两个字：坚持。

Commerce yiwu vocational-technical college 2009 sessions of graduates YangFuGang is zhejiang taizhou people，He is a poor，The school to solve the living expenses，Had to pick up through the empty bottle；For province 1.5 yuan bus fare，Borrowed a break bicycle to and from school and between market；Summer reheat also don't buy bottled water to drink……He's only living make e-commerce open taobao shop，Gradually increasing accumulation，In 2009, graduated from ShiYue income exceeds 30000 yuan，Also won the first ChuangYeJiang institute，He will donate the prize money 20000 yuan，Lower classwoman venture funding students。YangFuGang is now yiwu million purchase electronic business co., LTD., chairman of the board of directors，Company staff of 40 people。The keys to success in business，YangFuGang answer only two words：Adhere to the。

创业一定要冒高风险吗？ Venture must take high risk？

　　对于高职学生在校该不该创业的争论有很多，其中一说就是风险太高、风险太大了。从义乌工商职院的实践看，其实不然。一是，众所周知，只有高成本才有高风险，只有大投入才有大风险。如果创业的成本不高、投入不大，那何来的风险高与大呢？二是，低成本、低投入的创业项目有吗？有，那就是以互联网为主的电子商务创业，这种创业主要是电脑加头脑，就是亏了，也只不过是亏掉了投入到电子商务里去的时间与精力，而金钱方面不会有多少可亏损的。三是，高职学生从事创业项目从小到大、从虚到实，是被实践证明了的可行之路。从小到大指的是规模，从虚到实说的是形式，就是从虚拟到实体。

For higher vocational students should shouldn't venture debate has a lot of，The risk is too high said、The risk is too big。From the practice of commerce yiwu vocational-technical college look，Actually otherwise。One is，As is known to all，Only high cost to have high risk，Only big input to a great risk。If labor cost is not high、Input is not big，That no risk high and big?？The second is，Low cost、A low input businesses have？have，It is mainly on Internet e-commerce venture，This business is mainly the computer with the mind，Is lost，Also is only kui off into the electronic business in the time and energy，And the money will not how much the loss。The third is，Higher vocational students engaged in businesses from small to large、From virtual to real，Proved by practice is the way。Since the childhood refers to the scale，From virtual to call a spade a spade is form，Is from virtual to physical。

　　义乌工商职院2010级学生盛宾，河南人，家境贫困，高考时他在艺术专业分超过清华提档线的情况下，因担心无法承担艺术专业高昂的学费，来到义乌工商职院。为了筹集学费，开学前，他提前来义乌做过多种兼职，捡过塑料瓶，做过饭店服务生，卖过二手电脑。入学后，他在学院创业氛围的感染和师生的帮助下，开起了淘宝店铺，迈出创业的第一步。随着网店上服饰产品订单的数量猛增，他遭遇了进货难的问题。于是，他萌生了从小到大、从虚到实，自己开服饰加工厂的念头。目前盛宾是义乌市靓熙电子商务有限公司总经理，年房租支出超过20万元，他在浙江浦江的服饰厂员工就有30人。

Commerce yiwu vocational-technical college students ChengBin level 2010，Henan people，Family circumstances poverty，The university entrance exam, he in art professional points more than under the condition of tsinghua DiDangXian，Because of the worry cannot afford the high tuition art professional，Came to yiwu vocational-technical college commerce。In order to raise tuition，Before the start of the，His early to yiwu done many part-time，Pick up a plastic bottle，Do the hotel waiter，Sold second-hand computer。After admission，In his college venture atmosphere of infection and the help of the teachers and students，Taobao shop opened，Take the first step in business。Along with the shop apparel product on the number of orders surge，He had suffered a purchase the difficult question。so，He initiation of the size、From virtual to real，The idea of open clothing factory。At present ChengBin is yiwu beautiful hee electronic business co., LTD., general manager，Years rent spending more than 200000 yuan，He in zhejiang pujiang clothing factory employees have 30 people。

创业一定要讲高科技含量吗？ Venture must speak high-tech content？

　　现在有一种现象：一方面渲染高职学生创业这也难、那也难；一方面又对高职学生从事电子商务创业嗤之以鼻，指责那是低档次创业，是就业型创业，是生存型创业，是没有科技含量的创业。其实，此话差矣。第一，高和低是相对的，没有低哪有高？从低到高是事物发展的通则。第二，求高、求大、求快、求全，正是这些七求八求，才是高职学生创业的陷阱。第三，科技含量高的项目不一定就比科技含量低的容易成功，先易后难、从低到高恰恰是创业成功的路径和要诀。

Now there is a phenomenon：On the one hand render vocational students' venture it also difficult、It is also difficult to；On the one hand and to higher vocational students engaged in electronic business venture sniff，Accused that is the low class venture，Is the employment type venture，Is survival venture，There is no science and technology content of entrepreneurship。In fact，This difference is。The first，High and low is relative，No low which have high？From low to high is the general principles of the development of things。The second，For high、too、For fast、perfection，It is these seven and eight o，Higher vocational students is the trap of entrepreneurship。The third，High scientific and technological content in the project is not necessarily better than low content of science and technology of the easy success，After the first easy to、From low to high just is the path of the success of the venture and gist。

　　义乌工商职院今年毕业的学生石豪杰，河南人，2009年高考结束第二天他就来到义乌工商职院考察，后来放弃河南省二本学校进入义乌工商职院学习，因为旅游管理专业离他梦想太远，他不断找学院领导要求，费尽周折转入创业学院。从事电子商务创业之初，他随大溜什么好卖卖什么。2010年3D电影《阿凡达》热映，他发现了商机，专做3D眼镜网销，此后不断做大，并经自主钻研，持有5项专利，现在他是睿清科技董事长，在温州、台州、深圳设有分公司，月营业额超400万元。他的创业历程就是从低端走向高端、从没有科技含量到拥有自已专利的真实写照。

Commerce yiwu vocational-technical college graduate students this year ShiHaoJie，Henan people，In 2009 college entrance examination over the next day he came to yiwu vocational-technical college commerce investigation，Then give up henan two this school into commerce yiwu vocational-technical college learning，Because professional tourism management is too far away from his dream，He constantly looking for college leadership requirements，All setbacks into business college。Be engaged in electronic business affairs at the beginning of the venture，He follow others blindly what good MaiMai??????。In 2010, 3 d movie《All of o》Heat mirror，He found the opportunity，Designed to do 3 d glasses net pin，Since then constantly do big，And the independent study，Hold 5 patents，Now he is the chairman of the board, clear science and technology，In wenzhou、taizhou、Shenzhen branch offices，Month turnover exceeds 4 million yuan。His entrepreneurial process is from low to high、Never technology content to have own patent true portraiture。

创业一定要首创即成吗？ Venture must first become namely？

　　高职学生创业能否成功是由多种因素决定的，要求一炮即响、一鸣惊人未免太过于苛刻。首先，创业教育是很多高职院校新推出的课程，高职学生要学更要练，正确的做法应当是：不求人人创业成功，但求人人创业历练。通过学习和实践，有了创业意识、创业体验、创业技能，那就是好样的。其次，高职学生在校创业不光是个人行为，更多的是集体行为、团队行为。所以，其创业成效如何，既与个人情况相关，又与学校的环境和氛围以及教师指导、课程支持、团队合作、政策扶持等密切相关。再其次，高职学生在校创业成与否都是一时的，但创业的经历却是宝贵的、终身受益的。况且，现实生活中创业与就业常常相互交叉，有的先创业后来就业，有的先就业后来创业。只要创业的心思在，成功的希望就永远在。

Higher vocational students' entrepreneurial success is decided by many factors，Asked for a gun is ringing、Set the world on fire is too harsh。First of all，Entrepreneurship education is a lot of higher vocational colleges the launch of new curriculum，Higher vocational students should learn to practice more，The correct approach should be：Not everyone success of start-ups，But beg everyone entrepreneurial experience。Through the study and practice，Have the pioneering consciousness、Entrepreneurial experience、Entrepreneurial skills，That is good。secondly，Higher vocational students venture is not only individual behavior，More is collective behavior、Team behavior。so，The entrepreneurial effect how，Both to the individual situation related，And with the school environment and atmosphere and the guidance of teachers、Course support、team、Policy support, and so closely related。third，Higher vocational students venture into or not is temporary，But entrepreneurial experience is valuable、Life-long benefit。besides，Real life business and employment often cross each other，Some first venture later employment，Some employment first then venture。As long as the mind of the business in，Hope of success is always on。

　　义乌工商职院2004届毕业生何洪伟，浙江丽水人，在校期间就踏三轮车跑市场干创业，到了毕业时也没有取得像样的成绩，甚至还欠着学校的学费。毕业后，他用打工赚得的钱补交了学费。但是他的创业心愿在，后来他接触了电子商务，创办了“万客商城”批发网站，现在员工已有上百人，年营销额超亿元。2010年他还获得“全球十大网商”的殊荣。

Commerce yiwu vocational-technical college 2004 sessions of graduates HeHongWei，Zhejiang lishui people，During the period of school were stepping tricycle run the market do business，When the graduation have also failed to make a decent result，Even still owe school tuition fees。After graduation，He work earn money to pay tuition。But his entrepreneurial desire in，Later he contact the electronic commerce，started“All merchants city”Wholesale website，Now our company has hundreds of people，Years YingXiaoE exceeds one hundred million yuan。In 2010, he also received“The world's ten largest to give”privilege。

　　总之，高职学生创业只要坚持从实际出发，循着从小到大、从易到难、从低到高、从虚到实的路子走，就一定能走出创业难的误区。

In a word，Higher vocational students' venture as long as we persist in from reality，Followed the size、From easy to difficult、From low to high、From the virtual real way to go，We will be able to venture out of a misunderstanding。

　　(来源:中国教育报)

(Source: China education report)