影响大学生价值观形成有很多因素，教育因素对大学生价值观形成究竟有没有影响？其影响作用究竟有多大？

Affect college students' values formation there are many factors，Education factors on the college students' values formation have the influence on earth？Its influence how much？

王鹏 WangPeng

　　目前，有关大学生价值观的理论探讨和调查研究已成为热点问题之一。不过，人们研究影响大学生价值观形成的因素，似乎很偏爱“象牙塔”外的因素，如互联网、影视作品、选秀类节目、低俗文化和西方文化等；还有的研究者将视角投向了大学生的背景因素对价值观的作用，如贫富差距、性别差异等。而教育本身因素高校所提供的教育资源对大学生价值观形成的作用，关注和研究的不多。教育因素对大学生价值观形成究竟有没有影响？其影响作用究竟有多大？本文基于2011年清华大学全国大学生学情调查，分析代表性样本43621人，讨论学生的背景因素和教育因素对大学生价值观形成的影响。

At present，The college students' values of the theory discussion and the research has become one of the hot issues。but，People to study college students' values influence of factors，Seem to prefer“Ivory tower”External factors，Such as the Internet、Film and television works、Draft programs、Vulgar culture and western culture；Other researchers will perspective to the college students' background factors on the role of values，Such as the gap between rich and poor、Gender difference, etc。And education itself factors university provides education resources to the college students' values formation action，Not much concern and research。Education factors on the college students' values formation have the influence on earth？Its influence how much？This paper, based on the 2011 national tsinghua university college students learn feeling survey，Analysis of the representative sample of 43621 people，Students discuss the background factors and education factors on the college students' values the influence of formation。

　　我们以大学生背景因素（性别、城乡、是否在生源地就读、社会经济地位）和教育因素（课程的教育认知目标、课程要求的严格程度、课程学习行为、课程外拓展性学习、向学与厌学）为自变量，分析结果表明，教育因素远大于背景因素。

We take college students' background factors（gender、Urban and rural、Whether students enrolled in the land、Social economic status）And education factors（Course education cognitive target、The course requirements strictly degree、Course learning behavior、The development course of study、Learn from those who be disgusted with）As the independent variable，The analysis results show that，Education factor far outweigh the background factors。

　　向学与厌学对价值观的影响最大，课程学习行为紧随其后，其他教育因素按影响大小依次为课程的教育认知目标、课程外拓展性学习、课程要求的严格程度。背景因素中，是否在生源地就读、性别、社会经济地位三者对价值观的影响也比较明显，但背景因素的影响大小居于所有影响因素的后三位。

Learn from those who be disgusted with the biggest influence on values，Course learning behavior followed，Other education according to the influence factors in the size of the course education cognitive target、The development course of study、The course requirements strictly degree。Background factors，Whether students enrolled in the land、gender、The social and economic status of the influence of the three values are obvious，But the influence of the background factors in the size of all the influence factors of the three。

　　我们分别考察大学生背景因素和教育因素对价值观形成的四个方面（客观认识自我、树立正确的人生观和价值观、明确自己未来的规划、理解不同群体的文化和价值观）的影响。结果发现，向学与厌学、课程学习行为、课外拓展性学习和课程的教育认知目标均列前四位影响因素。课程要求的严格程度对个人人生观、价值观的确立，以及理解不同文化和价值观的影响处于第五位。大学生背景因素对价值观四个方面的影响大小，均处于所有因素的第五位及以后。相对于教育因素，学生背景因素的影响非常微弱，而教育因素对大学生价值观形成的影响作用非常突出。这一结论给我们带来很多启示。

We separately inspected college students' background factors and education factors on the four aspects of the values（Objective knowledge self、To establish a correct outlook on life and values、Clear your future planning、Understand the different groups of culture and values）influence。The results showed that，Learn from those who be disgusted with、Course learning behavior、Extracurricular exploring study and course education cognitive objectives are listed in the first four influencing factors。The course requirements strictly degree of personal outlook on life、Values established，And understand the influence of the different culture and values in fifth place。College students' background factors on values four aspects of influences of size，All in all factors and after the fifth。Relative to the education factors，The influence of students' background factors is very weak，And education factors on the formation of college students' values effect is very prominent。The conclusion gives us a lot of enlightenment。

　　高校教师结合课堂教学、课程外拓展性学习等，渗透正确的价值观导向，会有效促进大学生正向价值观的形成。高校应积极创设丰富的教学、实践活动，激发大学生向学的热情。高校能否要求教育者以睿智的状态组织教育教学活动，决定着大学生在学习过程中增加多少“沉浸体验”的程度；高校能否要求教育者以开放、活泼、注重时效的方式组织教育教学活动，决定着大学生在学习过程中增添多少成长的快乐程度；高校能否要求教育者将教育教学活动与社会现实密切结合，决定着大学生能否明确学习对于未来的意义。

University teachers' teaching、The development course of study and so on，Penetration the correct values guide，Will effectively promote the formation of college students' positive values。Universities should actively create rich teaching、practice，Inspires students whose enthusiasm。Universities can ask for educators to wise state organization education teaching activities，Determines the college students in the learning process how much increase“Flow experience”degree；Universities can ask for educators to open、lively、Pay attention to aging way organization education teaching activities，Determines the college students in the learning process add how much growth level of happiness；Universities can ask for educators will education teaching activities and social reality closely combining，Determines whether college students learning the meaning of clear for the future。

　　高校应把工作的重心放在不断明确课程的教育认知目标、不断优化课程设置、不断提升课内外教学活动质量和不断提高课程要求的严格程度等教育过程诸方面上。各种级别的“教育教学大讨论”、“教学会议”、“集体备课”是高校的常规活动，但在相当多的高校，这些活动已逐渐流于形式。实践结果表明，高校教师能否厘清记忆、分析、综合、判断和应用等教学目标，能否宏观把握所在院系课程设置的整体情况，微观把握所授课程中学生学习行为的主动性、合作性、反思水平和质疑精神，能否鼓励学生积极参与课程外的拓展性学习，能否严格落实有效教学任务、严格要求学生完成有益学习任务、以严肃严谨的态度利用考试和考核手段，这些都会在很大程度上影响大学生价值观的形成。

Universities should work focuses on kept clear course education cognitive target、Constantly optimize the curriculum、Continuously improve inside and outside the class teaching activities quality and continuously improve the course requirements strictly degree and so on education process on environments。All levels of“Education teaching big discussion”、“Teaching meeting”、“Collective lessons”In colleges and universities is the regular activities，But in quite a number of universities，These activities has gradually become a mere formality。Practice results show that，College teachers can clear memory、analysis、comprehensive、The application of judgment and the teaching goal，Can grasp the macro department the whole situation of curriculum，Microscopic grasp curriculum which teach middle school students learning behavior initiative、cooperative、Reflection level and the spirit of enquiry，Can encourage students to actively participate in the course of exploring learning，Can strictly implement effective teaching task、Strict request the student to complete the beneficial learning tasks、With serious rigorous attitude using examination and assessment method，These will greatly influence the formation of college students' values。

　　大学生处在人生定向的关键阶段，形成健康积极的价值观有助于大学生作出正向的学业、职业乃至人生决策。促进大学生正向价值观形成，应摈弃抽象化、空洞化的说教，回归课堂、回到高等教育本身。高校教育思想、教育观念和学术氛围等教育因素是高校文化的重要组成部分，优化组合的教育因素是高校文化影响大学生价值观形成的有效途径。因此，高等院校将工作的重心转移到教育过程上来，必将促进大学生正向价值观形成，为纷繁网络信息冲击、选秀节目诱惑、低俗文化混淆视听、西方文化霸权渗透等影响中的我国大学生垒砌扎根于教育本身的“防火墙”，以使大学生这一重要社会人力资本知道应该做什么、不应该做什么。

College students in a directional key stage，Form healthy and positive values help college students to make positive studies、Career and life decisions。Promote the university students' positive values formation，Should abandon abstraction、KongDongHua preaching，Regression classroom、Return to higher education itself。College education thought、Education idea and academic environment education factor is an important part of university culture，Optimized combination of education in colleges and universities is the culture factors affecting the university students' values formation of effective way。therefore，Institutions of higher learning will work focus to education process up，Be sure to promote college students' positive values formation，For numerous and complicated network information impact、Draft program temptation、Vulgar culture confusing the public、The western cultural hegemony permeate etc the effects of college students in our country LeiQi rooted in education itself“firewall”，In order to make college students this important social human capital should know what to do、Should not do。

　　(来源:中国教育报)

(Source: China education report)