刻着朱子家训的古代门窗，古代状元考试的试卷，绘着古代学生向先生行礼情景的瓷器，古代官学、私学使用的学规、戒尺、课本，学生的作业、课外教辅，古代的学生装，刻有朱夫子白鹿洞书院规条的牌匾……当这些教育文物邂逅曲阜状元文化博物馆馆长刘晓，犹如千里马遇到了伯乐。它们承载的传统教育文化和教育历史，折射出的传统教育智慧和育人理念，在刘晓这里被发掘和整理出来，散发出独特的魅力和价值。

Discipline is engraved with zhu xi's ancient doors and Windows，Ancient champions the exam papers，Draw the ancient students XiangXianSheng salute the scene porcelain，Ancient academy、The use of private learn gauge、ferule、textbooks，The students' work、Extracurricular teaching，The ancient school wear，Engraved with zhu master white deer hole article YuanGui book of plaque……When these education cultural relics encounter qufu top cultural museum and curator LiuXiao，Is like a swift horse met bole。They carry traditional education culture and education history，The traditional education reflects the wisdom and educational concept，In LiuXiao here were excavated and sorted out，Send out a unique charm and value。

　　在过去的20年中，刘晓足迹遍及大江南北，一个人抢救、搜集和保护了6000余件这样的教育文物，从文物实证的角度探寻、研究和展示着我国教育发展的历史脉络。这些文物是他眼中的“宝”，胜过名人字画，胜过玉雕瓷器。他做的这份事业，为国内教育文物收藏和研究翻开了新的一页。

In the past 20 years，LiuXiao footprint in the great river north and south，One rescue、Collecting and protect more than 6000 pieces of cultural relics such education，From the point of view of cultural relics in the、Research and display our country education development history context。These cultural relics are of his eyes“treasure”，Is better than the celebrity calligraphy and painting，Is better than jade carving China。He did this career，For the domestic education cultural relics collection and research turning over a new leaf。

　　

教育文物面临被损坏的危险 Education is facing the risk of damage to cultural relics

　　刘晓从小生长在书香门第，受酷爱字画的外公影响，对诗书字画早早便萌生了兴趣。

LiuXiao grew up in a literary family，Be fond of calligraphy and painting grandfather influence，To read early initiation of the calligraphy and painting and interest。

　　上世纪九十年代初，收藏还不像现在这样兴盛。在刘晓的家乡徐州，也很少有人“玩”字画。一次，刘晓在小摊上看到了两幅钱慧安的画，特别喜欢，就花十几元买下来。后来，他到北京逛文物店时，发现这里竟以上百元的价格在出售钱慧安的画。他心想，如卖一幅、藏一幅，不仅能把之前买这两幅画的钱赚回来，还有节余。于是他拿了其中一幅上北京出售，从此开启了他的收藏人生。

In the early 1990 s，Collection is not like this prosperity。In LiuXiao hometown xuzhou，Also few people“play”Calligraphy and painting。a，LiuXiao in stall saw two of the QianHuiAn painting，Especially like，Will spend more than ten yuan to buy down。later，He went to Beijing shopping store of cultural relics，Found that here more than one hundred yuan price on sale in QianHuiAn painting。He thought，If sell a picture、Hide a picture，Not only can buy these two picture before the money back，And surplus。So he took one of Beijing on sale，From now on open his collection of life。

　　初入行时，刘晓收藏的主要是书画，如王铎、傅山、齐白石、张大千、陈少梅等人的画作，另外还有许多古代状元的书画。他外公对这些古代状元的书画很感兴趣，就给刘晓提了个建议：如果把这些状元的书画收成系列，那价值肯定更大。刘晓觉得很有道理，便开始关注古代状元的书画，并对古代状元文化进行研究，从诗词绘画开始，渐渐扩展到了古代状元教育、传统教育文化等更为广泛的内容。正是这个深入了解古代教育文化的过程，触动了刘晓一心去抢救和保护教育文物。

Fledglings did，LiuXiao collection are mainly painting and calligraphy，Such as the northwest of、thoroughly、Qi baishi、ZhangDaQian、ChenShaoMei paintings, etc，In addition there are many ancient champions of painting and calligraphy。His grandpa to these ancient taken very interested in painting and calligraphy，Give LiuXiao a suggestion：If the top of painting and calligraphy harvest series，The value must be greater。LiuXiao feel very reasonable，Then begin to pay close attention to the first ancient calligraphy and painting，And the first ancient cultural research，From poetry painting began，Gradually extended to the ancient education first、Traditional education culture, the content of the more widely。It is this in-depth understanding of ancient education culture process，Touches the heart LiuXiao to save and protect cultural relics education。

　　“要了解一个民族的文化，如果不去了解这个民族的教育所传播的内容，就等于只了解了它的表象。”刘晓对记者说，“承载着我们民族优秀教育文化的教育文物，由于人们理解的偏差，没有受到足够重视，很少有人去保护和整理，大都面临着被损坏的危险……”

“To understand the culture of a nation，If not to understand the nation the spread of education content，Is only know its representation。”LiuXiao told reporters，“Carrying our nation outstanding education culture education cultural relics，Because people understand deviation，Were not enough attention，Very few people to protect and finishing，Mostly faced with the risk of damage……”

　　到2006年，刘晓搜集的教育文物已有1800余件。这时，国家开始鼓励私人开办博物馆。为了更好地研究和保存这些文物，他萌生了办馆的念头。最初他本想建在家乡，后经朋友介绍，曲阜文物旅游局来人邀请他去曲阜建馆。曲阜是孔子的诞生地，这里有祭祀孔子的孔庙、孔子后裔生活的孔府、埋葬孔子及后裔的孔林等众多历史遗迹，文化底蕴深厚。刘晓说：“孔子一生最大的成就是体现在教育上，经过考察，曲阜唯独没有一个系统展示古代教育文化的场所。如果将博物馆建在这儿，可谓适得其所。”

By 2006，LiuXiao education has collected more than 1800 pieces of cultural relics。At this time，Countries are beginning to encourage private open museum。In order to better research and preserve these cultural relics，He grew up to the idea of library。At first he wanted to built in my hometown，After a friend introduced by，Qufu cultural relics and tourism administration invited him to QuFuJian museum。Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius，Here are sacrifice to Confucius's Confucius temple、Confucius descendants of Confucius of life、Confucius and seed buried in konglin was suggested, and many other historical sites，Culture deep。LiuXiao said：“Confucius' greatest achievement is embodied in the education，After investigation，Qufu but not a system show the ancient education culture sites。If the museum built in here，It may be said blissfully unaware。”

　　2006年9月，刘晓通过租赁场地，在山东曲阜开设了一个1000多平方米的状元文化博物馆。由于场地有限，他精选了400余件珍贵教育文物放进馆里，以古代状元接受的教育为线索，分类布置了“梅花香自苦寒来”、“一日看尽长安花”、“孔圣千秋状元师”、“飞入寻常百姓家”四个展厅，向公众陈列展示。这里也成了曲阜的一个文化景点。

In September of 2006，LiuXiao through the lease premises，In shandong qufu opened a more than 1000 square meters of top cultural museum。Due to limited space，He selected the 400 pieces of precious cultural relics in the education，Ancient champions accepted education for clues，Classification arrangement the“The plum blossom no sweet without sweat”、“One day see do changan flower”、“KongSheng years top division”、“Now fly into the nobodies' homestalls.”Four exhibition hall，To the public display。Here has become qufu a cultural attractions。

　　

京师大学堂的招生布告是他得意的藏品 DaXueTang the admission notice was his proud collection

　　经过多年的努力，刘晓在教育文物研究和收藏上小有成就，名声也渐渐在行业内传开。

After years of hard work，LiuXiao cultural relics in education research and collect small achievements，Fame is spread in the industry。

　　2007年，武汉的一位藏友来到他家，带来他至今仍觉得最得意的一件藏品：光绪二十九年(1903年)京师大学堂(北京大学前身)的招生布告。京师大学堂创建于1898年，1900年八国联军入侵后，京师大学堂被迫停办，直到1902年12月17日才恢复。这张布告正是京师大学堂恢复办学后第一次招生的布告。谈到这张布告时，刘晓激动地对记者说，“当时特别兴奋，因为这张布告承载的历史内容太丰厚了。”后经过察看鉴定为真，他毫不犹豫就买了下来。

In 2007,，Wuhan a Tibetan friend come to his house，Bring him still think the most satisfied a items：Guangxu twenty-nine years(In 1903,)Capital DaXueTang(Beijing university predecessor)Admission notice。Capital DaXueTang founded in 1898，1900 years after the eight power allied forces invaded，Capital DaXueTang was forced to close down，Until on December 17, 1902 to recover。This notice is the capital DaXueTang recovery after the first recruit students of the notice。When it comes to the notice when，LiuXiao excitedly told reporters，“When special excitement，Because this notice load history of the content is too rich。”Look after identified as true，He did not hesitate to buy down。

　　很多人都是有了一定的经济基础后，才买字画、买瓷器，藏纳宝物。然而，刘晓收藏教育文物却不是这样。眼前的刘晓，只是穿着普通的T恤和休闲裤。从他质朴的外表，很难看出他是在做收藏。然而，遇到了珍贵的教育文物，他从来不小气。不过收藏文物毕竟需要支出，经济上吃紧成为他经常遇到的困难。那些千辛万苦抢救回来的教育文物不能动，随着数量的增多，占用的资金也越来越多。无奈之下，他只能继续做书画生意，用赚来的钱补贴在教育文物上的花费。

A lot of people is a certain economic base after，To buy calligraphy and painting、For China，'s hidden treasures。however，LiuXiao cultural relics collection education but not so。Present LiuXiao，Just wear ordinary T-shirt and casual pants。From his plain appearance，It is difficult to see that he is doing collection。however，Met precious cultural relics of the education，He never mean。But cultural relics collection after all need expenditure，Tight economic as he often difficulties。The innumerable trials and hardships rescue back education cultural relics not active，With the increase of the number，Take money more and more。Helpless under，He can only continue to do calligraphy and painting business，With money subsidies in the education cost of cultural relics。

　　2005年，刘晓在北京出差，一位藏友拿来一张冯国璋聘傅增湘为北洋政府教育总长的聘书。在仔细察看了这张聘书的封套、纸张、文字，和吃透纸张的印红之后，他从细节上判定这张聘书是真的，就特别想买。然而，一问价格，要25万，太高了。于是他一直和对方砍价，从10万，到15万，再到20万，怎么都不成。最后，他一咬牙原价买下。还有一次，他在上海碰到一块状元匾，为了买下来，他把自己珍藏多年的陈少梅四幅条屏和张大千的山水画低价出售，筹集了钱。事后仅半年，那件四幅条屏就被拍卖公司以几倍的高价拍出，今天应该最少值几百万元。“如果说一点不后悔，那也不可能，但是这样做给了我另外一种收获，心理上的满足不是钱能衡量的。”刘晓说。

In 2005,，LiuXiao in Beijing on business，A Tibetan friend brought a FengGuoZhang FuZengXiang employment for the northern warlord government education presidents of the letter of appointment。In spying this picture letter of appointment of the sleeve、paper、text，And have a thorough grasp of paper printing after red，He details from the judgement on this piece of letter of appointment is true，Special want to buy。however，Ask price，To 250000，Is too high。So he has been and the other party to bargain，From 100000，To 150000，To 200000，How are not。finally，He bought a grind the original price。There are a，He first met in Shanghai a plaque，In order to buy down，He put his treasure years of ChenShaoMei four article of screen and ZhangDaQian landscape painting sell at a low price，Raised money。Only half a year later，That article was four picture screen auction company for several times prices make，Today should be at least value millions of dollars。“If don't regret，It might not have，But to do this gave me another harvest，Psychological meet not money can measure。”LiuXiao said。

　　2006年的一次经历，至今让刘晓深感愧疚。一天，状元文化博物馆办公室的工作人员告诉他网上论坛里有人正在争论一张状元卷的真假。因为举人是不能直接考状元的，而这张卷子上署名却是举人赵文楷。刘晓查阅了相关文献资料，仔细察看了网上的照片，从纸张、印迹等细节断定是真品。于是，他马上坐火车赴青岛，与卖家见面。卖家一同拿出其他几张卷子，加在一起要价100万。当时，他没那么多钱，只好返回。之后，他又多次在电话中与对方讲价。他母亲知道了这件事后，把自己的房屋拆迁款借给了他，顺利买下了那张状元卷。为此，他母亲在外租房住了好长时间。

2006 years of an experience，Now let LiuXiao feel guilty。One day，Top cultural museum office staff told him in the BBS online debate someone is a top volume of true and false。Because this is not direct examination of the first，And this piece of examination paper in signature is ZhaoWenJie raise a person。LiuXiao refer to the related literature material，Spying for the photos，From the paper、Imprinting details such as judge is genuine。so，He immediately take the train to Qingdao，Meet with the seller。The seller out with other a few pieces of examination paper，Added together asked for 1 million。At that time，He didn't so much money，Had to return。after，He and several times in the telephone and the other party to bargain。His mother know the facts of the case，His own house dismantlement lent him money，Smooth bought the tickets first volume。therefore，His mother out to rent a house for a long time。

　　

教育文物的价值不能从经济角度来衡量 Education of the cultural relics value cannot be measured from the economic Angle

　　从收藏的角度定位藏品价值，应该由历史性、艺术性、稀缺性及材质等多种要素来决定。教育文物很少像艺术品那样用珍贵的材料制成，与古代书画、瓷器以及其他雕刻艺术品相比，在材质、名气、价值等方面有天壤之别，升值潜力也不可同日而语。最初，朋友、家人对刘晓收藏教育文物都不理解，追问原因，甚至因此闹矛盾。再加上常遇到经济难题，“到底要不要坚持？”这个问题时时困扰着他。

From the point of view of collection collection value orientation，Should by historic、artistic、Scarcity and materials and so on the many kinds of factors to decide。Education cultural relics rarely like works of art that precious material is made，And ancient painting and calligraphy、China and other sculpture art compared，In material、fame、There is much difference value, etc，Appreciation of the potential is also cannot be mentioned in the same breath。first，friends、The family education for LiuXiao collection of cultural relics all don't understand，Chase for a reason，Even so the contradiction。Plus often meet economic problems，“Whether or not to insist on？”This problem always bothering him。

　　在收藏圈子里，当某人买了一件名画或名贵瓷器时，很快就会引来同行的羡慕。而刘晓拿出一个新收藏的“毕业证”去给同行看，即使说是中国唯一，也很难引起别人的兴趣。“更让我尴尬的是，我去一些大的博物馆办展览，竟然也吃了闭门羹。不过，这些没有影响我。教育文物不同于其他古玩，材质、工艺都不会太高。想想看，学生不可能用金质的书本、紫檀的课桌。他们无非是从"玩"的角度，从经济角度来衡量，而不是从史料的角度。”刘晓说。

In the collection circle，When someone bought a painting or rare in China，Will soon drew the envy of the counterparts。And LiuXiao took out a new collection“diploma”Go to their peers look，Even if is the only，Also it is difficult to cause the interest of others。“More let me is embarrassing，I went to some big museum exhibitions，Unexpectedly also had given a cold shoulder。but，These have no effect on me。Education of cultural relics is different from other antiques，material、Technology will not be too high。think，Students may not use gold books、Red sandalwood desk。They only from"play"Angle，From the economic Angle to measure，Rather than from the Angle of historical data。”LiuXiao said。

　　伴随着精神上和经济上的重重考验，刘晓对教育文物的研究和认识逐步扩展，对传统教育精髓的领悟也日益加深，对所做的事业也更加执著。

With spiritual and economic many test，LiuXiao to education research and understanding of cultural relics spread gradually，The traditional education essence understanding is deepening day by day，To do business and more persistent。

　　古往今来，那些大收藏家无一不具有高尚的精神境界。他们都将收藏与社会需要、时代使命紧紧地结合起来，都在为传承和弘扬优秀文化作贡献。以名家为鉴，刘晓对自己抢救和研究教育文物深感荣幸。当前，人们对教育的期望越来越大，很多专家学者都在思考如何发掘和借鉴我国传统教育中的智慧来促进当代教育发展。而刘晓抢救的教育文物当中，有许多都直观而生动地展示着我国传统育人智慧。“我有这样的好运气，找到了一个值得为之付出终身努力的事业。”刘晓说。

Through the ages，All those big collectors have noble spirit realm。They will collect and social needs、Era mission combined tightly，Are in order to inherit and carry forward the excellent culture contribution。To learn the，LiuXiao to their rescue and research education honored to cultural relics。The current，People to the expectations of the education is more and more big，Many experts and scholars are thinking how to explore and reference for our traditional education to promote the wisdom of contemporary education development。And LiuXiao rescue of the education of cultural relics，There are many are intuitive and vivid display to our traditional educational wisdom。“I have such a good luck，Find a worth to pay a lifelong efforts career。”LiuXiao said。

　　这些年，刘晓弘扬和传播我国传统教育文化的责任感愈加强烈。不久前，山东济宁市提出了文化建设从曲阜突破的战略，出台了许多促进文化发展的政策。刘晓想借这个东风，将以前的状元文化博物馆改建成孔子教育博物馆。等建成后，他准备把自己搜集到的教育文物全部集中起来，对我国教育的发展进步及历史变迁做一个更加系统、全面地展示。“生活在现代社会的人们，到学校中接受教育，是人生中的重要经历。可今天的学校教育是怎样演化而来的？应该怎样去看待我们今天的教育？只有回看历史，才能形成正确的认识。”刘晓说。

these，LiuXiao development and dissemination of China's traditional education culture sense of responsibility more strongly。Not long ago，In jining city of the shandong province puts forward the cultural construction from qufu breakthrough strategy，Introduced many promote cultural development policy。LiuXiao want to borrow in the east，The former number one scholar culture museum to build Confucius education museum。After the completion of such as，He is ready to take his cultural relics collected by the education all lumped together，To our country education development progress and historical change to do a more system、Fully display。“Living in modern society of people，The school will accept the education，Life is the important experience。But today's school education is how to evolve？How to treat our today's education？Only looked back at history，To form the correct understanding。”LiuXiao said。

　　

一个普通人家的窗户竟能刻上这样的文字 An ordinary house Windows that he can engrave such words

　　在抢救和研究教育文物的过程中，刘晓被传统教育文化深深吸引。尤其是古代生活教育，他颇为欣赏。

In the rescue and research education in the process of cultural relics，LiuXiao by the traditional education culture deeply attracted。Especially the ancient life education，He's quite appreciate。

　　2000年，刘晓随朋友到安徽徽州农村去“寻宝”。在一户农家院的角落里，堆砌着粘满尘土的四扇旧窗户。他上去翻开一看，窗户上居然刻着朱子家训，而且落款是清嘉庆年间的。刘晓对这次发现的四扇窗户印象非常深刻，随口便背出了上面的文字，“居身务期质朴，教子要有义方；勿贪意外之财，勿饮过量之酒；与肩挑贸易，毋占便宜；见穷苦亲邻，须加温恤……兄弟叔侄，须分多润寡；日用有度、伦常无乖；长幼内外，宜法肃辞严……”

In 2000,，LiuXiao with friends to anhui huizhou to rural areas“treasure”。In a family NongGuYuan corner，The sticky dust stack with four fan old window。He opened up a look，The window incredibly engraved with zhu xi's family precepts，And badging is clear jiaqing years。For the LiuXiao found four window is very impressive，Freely will back out of the text on it，“The body WuQi plain，Godson will have YiFang；Don't greedy windfall，Don't drink too much wine；And by trade，Do not take advantage；See poor QinLin，Must be heating shirt……Brother embodies，Must point embellish little；Daily have、Without good working；Inside and outside his，Appropriate method Su speech strict……”

　　一个普通人家的窗户竟能刻上这样的文字，让他感到意外。他感慨地说，刻在窗户上的朱子家训，家里的孩子们抬头就能看到。这样的教育方式真有“润物细无声”的功效，对我们现在家长育儿也很有借鉴意义。这些文字节选的都是古代道德教育的精华，贴近生活，教育作用更为直接和显著，让我很受启发。我看后有这样的感触，别人看后也应该能产生类似的作用。当时的想法就是一定要把它买回去，在博物馆里展出，让更多的人来看，传递这些思想和理念。

An ordinary house Windows that he can engrave such words，Let him feel accident。He regrets ground say，On the window of zhu xi's family precepts，The children looked up at home can see。Such education way really have“Moistens everything silently”effect，Right now we parents parenting is of great significance。These words and screening is the essence of ancient moral education，Close to the life，Education is more direct and significant role，Let me very inspired by。I think after such a feeling，The other people see after should also can produce similar effects。The idea is to buy it back，In a museum，Let more people to see，Transfer these thoughts and ideas。

　　刘晓曾经收藏的书画精品，这些年在拍卖市场上有的升值了几百倍。但他觉得这些名人字画对他来说无非就是家中的一件精美艺术品、装饰品或奢侈品，多一件少一件无非就是个人财富的多少。“我喜爱书画，到书店买画集或复制品，一样能欣赏。这些名人字画我不保护，别人一样保护。而我现在抢救的教育文物，别人却不太重视，随时都面临被损坏的危险。”刘晓说，“这些教育文物体现的是中华民族教育发展的历史脉络，镌刻着中华民族教育历史的印痕。保护这些文物，意义重大。”

LiuXiao once a collection of painting and calligraphy high-quality goods，Over the years in the auction market some appreciation the uneven distribution。But he felt the celebrity calligraphy and painting for him, it is the home a the exquisite works of art、Or luxury decoration，A little more than a nothing but personal wealth is how much。“I love painting and calligraphy，To the bookstore to buy album or copy，Can appreciate。The celebrity calligraphy and painting I don't protect，Others protection。And now I rescue of education cultural relics，Others don't pay attention to，Always face the risk of damage。”LiuXiao said，“The education of cultural relics reflect is the Chinese nation education development history context，An engraving of the Chinese nation education history of the mark。Protect the cultural relics，Is of great significance。”

　　近日，由他编著的《蕴藏在文物中的教育》一书正式出版，书中用大量的教育文物印证和梳理了我国教育的发展脉络。中国教育学会会长顾明远在书中欣然作序：“改革开放以来，我国教育史研究成果丰硕，但大都属于思想、制度层面的研究……这是教育文物收藏的一个开端，也是较为系统地研究教育文物的一个开端。”(完)

recently，Because by his《Conveniently located in the education of cultural relics》Officially published a book，The book with a large amount of education by cultural relics and combed the China education development context。China education association can continue in the book readily preface：“Since the reform and opening up，The study of educational history in China have got great achievements，But mostly belong to the thought、The system aspect research……This is the education of cultural relics collection of a beginning，Also is relatively systematically research education cultural relics a beginning。”(finish)