近日消息，由多部委共同参与的国家城镇化专题调研的初步结果显示，户籍改革阻力不小。统计数据显示，截至2011年，中国城镇化率是51.27%，但是城镇户籍人口仅占总人口的35%。也就是说，数以亿计的农民工不能与城市居民享有同等待遇，不能真正融入城市社会。一方面是庞大的流动人口在为中国的城镇化作出巨大贡献，另一方面却是他们无法分享城镇经济社会发展的成果。

Recently news，By many ministries jointly participating country urbanization special investigation initial results，Reform of the household registration resistance not small。Statistics show，By the end of 2011，China's urbanization rate is 51.27%，But town census register population accounted for only 35% of the total population。That is，Hundreds of millions of migrant workers can't and urban residents enjoy the same treatment，Can't really into urban society。On the one hand is huge in the floating population for China's urbanization make great contribution，On the other hand it is they cannot share the results of urban economic and social development。

　　户籍制度是我国计划经济体制的根本性制度，其最大特点是结构的稳定性。过去的计划体制下，所有资源都掌握在政府手中，人口的流动是不被鼓励的，各级政府只是根据有限的户口变动来进行各项福利的分配，即以户籍为根本依据，进行财政划拨，分配各项社会资源。但进入市场体制后，人口流动成为经济与社会发展的必然，稳定的户籍二元结构随之打破。

The household registration system is our country plan economic system fundamental system，Its the biggest characteristic is to the stability of the structure。The past under the planning system，All resources is held in government hands，The flow of the population is not encouraged，Governments at all levels is according to limited account for changes to the welfare of the distribution，Namely to census register as a fundamental basis，Fiscal transfer，The distribution of social resources。But to enter the market after the system，Population flow to become the economic and the necessity of the social development，Stable census register binary structure then break。

　　人口大规模流动，户口怎么办、户口之上的各种社会资源怎么办，各级政府如何合理地分配社会发展成果？改革开放30多年后的今天，我们仍然没有拿出切实可行的方案来解决这一问题。近年来，随迁老人养老、随迁子女就学、医疗保障、异地高考等问题日益突出。只要不在户籍所在地，流动人口就很难享受流入地城市的各项社会资源。

Large-scale population flow，Account to do、On account of the various social resources，Governments at all levels to a reasonable distribution of social development achievements？Reform and opening up 30 years later，We still haven't take out feasible solutions to this problem。In recent years，SuiQian old man endowment、SuiQian children's schooling、Medical security、Other problems such as the university entrance exam is day by day prominent。As long as not census register seat，It is difficult to enjoy the floating population defined the city of various social resources。

　　户籍制度的本意在于人口的稳定性，而市场体制的要求是人口可以挣脱束缚、自由流动。两者的矛盾导致一方面人口流出地的许多资源都处于闲置状态，因为大量人口流动走了；另一方面人口流入地的财政压力巨大，因为没有接收到流入人口的相关资源划拨。

The household registration system is supposed to be a population stability，And the market system requirement is population can to break free、Free flow。Both contradiction led to the places, on the one hand, many resources are idle，Because a large number of population flow away；On the other hand, defined the population financial pressure，Because there is no receives the inflow of the population transfer related resources。

　　所以，中国户籍制度改革的前提在于设计出新的、适应人口流动性的社会资源分配制度，以流动性为根本，架构政府服务管理体系。一旦各种资源不再附着于户籍之上，放开城市户口自然就水到渠成了。比如，教育界在借鉴美国对待外来流动人口的政府管理策略时，针对流动人口子女教育提出了“教育代金券”方案。简单来说就是，在国家法定义务教育阶段，每位适龄儿童都应得到最基本的教育经费，也可以称之为“人头费”。这一经费按地区具体情况折算过后，以代金券的形式直接发放给适龄儿童的监护人，保障其在择校及家庭迁徙时，子女受教育的权利和待遇不受影响。

so，Chinese household register system reform is the premise to design the new、To adapt to the mobility of social resource allocation system，To liquidity as a fundamental，Architecture the government service management system。Once all kinds of resources in the above no longer sticks to the household，Let go of urban registered permanent residence is the natural follow。For example，Education in the United States for reference to foreign floating population administration strategy，According to the floating population children education put forward“Education voucher”scheme。Is simply，In the national legal obligation education stage，Each school-age children should get the most basic education funds，Can also call it“reward”。The funds according to the specific situation in after conversion，In the form of cash coupon directly to extend the guardians of school-age children，Security in the school and family when migration，Children education right and the treatment is not affected。

　　不仅国外有较为成熟的案例可供我们借鉴，国内近年来针对流动人口问题的研究也有许多相应的对策提出，总的目标是一致的让国家的资源合理公平地分配到每个公民头上，无论是农村人还是城里人都可以享受到经济社会发展的成果。正如国家发改委城市和小城镇改革发展中心主任李铁所言：“未来的改革导向，重点还是以人为本。”

Not only foreign have relatively mature case for our reference，In recent years the domestic itinerant population problem research also has many corresponding countermeasures，The goal of the two is consistent to the country's resources reasonable fairly assigned to each citizen head，Whether the rural people or person in the city can enjoy the results of economic and social development。As the national development and reform commission cities and small towns, director of the center for reform and development li3 tie3 said：“The future reform direction，The key still is a people-oriented。”