核心提示 summary

　　我们现在的教育模式，更看重语言智能和数学逻辑智能，这有利于文化知识的开发和积累。这种模式如果极端化，就会忽视孩子们其他方面的智能，因此，应该避免人才标准单一化，应该有多元、全面的成才观。

Our present education model，Think more of language intelligence and mathematical logic intelligent，This is beneficial to the development of the cultural knowledge and accumulate。This kind of mode if extreme，Will ignore the children other aspects of intelligence，therefore，Should avoid talent standard simplification，Should have multiple、Comprehensive ChengCaiGuan。

　　一个理想的班级，是可持续的、活泼的，充满生活特性的集体。一个纪律过严、活跃不足的班级，很难爆发创造力。教育工作者要意识到这些素质的重要性，给那些具备领导力的孩子成长的空间，引导他们，鼓励他们，尽可能地认可他们。

An ideal class，Is sustainable、lively，Full of life characteristics of the collective。A discipline a strict、The lack of active class，It is difficult to outbreaks of creativity。Education workers should realize the importance of these qualities，To those who have leadership children who grow up in space，To lead them to，Encourage them to，They recognized as much as possible。

　　每个班级都会有班长，都会有班干部，大多数时候，他们都是老师眼里的好学生，成绩好，听话，严于律己。可在同学们的眼中，他们是学习机器，是班主任的传声筒，甚至是专打“小报告”的。

Each class will have the monitor，Will have the class cadre，Most of the time，They are all teachers eye good student，Do well in，obedient，Be strict with oneself。But in the eyes of students，They are learning machine，Is the mouthpiece of the teacher in charge，Even is designed to play“about”of。

　　班干部的角色，在这两套评价体系中，永远处于尴尬境地。一方面，他们经过权威认证，另一方面，他们在被群体认可、接受上有着这样那样的困难。

Class cadre role，In this two sets of evaluation system，Never in the embarrassing position。On the one hand，They passed authoritative attestation，On the other hand，They recognized the group、Accept has such and such difficulties。

　　有趣的是，在同一个教室空间中的“孩子王”就有不少人乐不可支地围着他转。他们的性格和胆识以及一些专业长项，既满足同伴成长的需求，又提供了相对宽松的交流气氛。这种具有领袖气质的孩子王今天被叫做“地下班长”。

Interesting is，In the same classroom in the space“HaiZiWang”There is many people be overjoyed to turn around him。Their character and courage and insight and some professional comparisons，Not only satisfy the demand of companion growth，And provides a relatively easy communication atmosphere。This has HaiZiWang leader today is called“Underground monitor”。

　　“领导力是一种非常宝贵的社会化技能。” 中国青少年研究中心家庭教育研究所副研究员洪明表示，领导力并不是基于权威化的职位而产生的权力，而是一种集凝聚力、亲和力、表达能力、团队意识、服务热情等一系列综合素质于一体的影响力。

“Leadership is a very precious socialization skills。” China youth research center family education institute associate researcher HongMing said，Leadership is not based on authority change position and produce power，It is a collection of cohesion、affinity、Ability of expression、Team consciousness、Service enthusiasm and a series of comprehensive quality in one of the influence。

　　

呼朋引伴是一种社会化技能 Call a friend lead companion is a kind of socialization skills

　　从小学到初中，大部分时候，张伟的成绩都让父母绝望。高中分班的时候，老爸毫不犹豫地替他选了文科班，但每次考完之后年级大排名，他的名字还是从后面找起来更快一些。为了避免挨揍，来学校受刺激的都是老妈，“我妈心理素质好”。张鹏最怕老爸控制不住当众掴他后脑勺，“特疼”。

To acquire the junior middle school，Most of the time，Zhang wei's achievement is let parents despair。When high school divide into classes，Do not hesitate to dad for he chose arts class，But each time after exam top grade，His name or from look behind up quicker。In order to avoid hitting，Come to school by the stimulus is old mama，“My mom good psychological quality”。Zhang most afraid dad couldn't control in public spank his back part of skull，“Special ache”。

　　文科班男生少，张伟还很是惆怅了一阵子，不过很快，这个问题就在放学路上解决了。放学的时候，不住校的学生都要到车棚去取自行车，一来二去的，张伟就成了那个蹬着自行车，呼啦啦招呼一群男生赛车的“头儿”，有同级不同班的，还有的是高三的。

Arts class the boy less，Zhang wei is still very is sadness for a while，But soon，This problem is solved in the way school。When school，Not in residence of the students are going to shed to get bicycle，In the long run of，Zhang wei became the riding on the bike，Shout called a group of boys of the car“Cap.”，Have the different class，Still have a plenty of the year。

　　周末，张伟在家做作业的时候，经常一会儿短信，一会儿电话，这些“骚扰”张伟的人，统一被老妈称为“狐朋狗友”。

The weekend，Zhang wei at home doing my homework，Often a message，Call for a while，these“harassment”Zhang wei people，Unity is mother called“rabble”。

　　运动会的时候，张鹏他们班看台的座位差不多都被别人坐了，好多同学来了只好站着，一些女生愤愤不平地小声嘀咕，可坐着的人还是假装听不见。

Games when，Zhang their class stand almost all the seats were taken，A lot of students come to stand，Some girls resentfully small voice whisper，Can the man sitting or pretend to hear。

　　等张鹏抱着一箱水爬上看台，看到的就是这样的场景。他二话不说就拍上一个男生的后背，“我说，你跑我们班来干吗？”对方有些不好意思，几个人一走，其他人也陆陆续续起身，还有坐着不动的，张鹏就挨个儿找人家让座，“你们班在那边呢，红椅子那片，看得见吗？要不我带你们过去？”

Zhang, such as holding a box water climb stand，See is such a scene。His word is pat a boy back，“I said，You run our class to stem？”Each other some bad meaning，A few people a walk，Others up one，And sit still，Zhang is one after another to find somebody else's seat，“Your class? Over there，Red chair that slice of，See?？Or I take you in the past？”

　　不知道从什么时候起，混在张鹏身边的男生开始叫他“班头儿”，尽管他既不是班长，也不是书记，但如果他去动员那些坐不住的男生参加合唱，他们大都会很配合地站那儿嚎上许久。

Don't know since when have，Mix in zhang side of boys began to call him“Class leader”，Although he is not a monitor，Nor secretary，But if he went to the mobilization of those who sit boy joined in the chorus，They metropolitan is very fit to stand there on the for a long time。

　　不过，张伟不会跟父母讲这些，“他们觉得我心思都放在这上面，不务正业。”

but，Zhang wei won't tell parents about these，“They thought I was concentrating on it，Fiddle around。”

　　“呼朋引伴、沟通协调，实际上都是人际交往能力的体现。”洪明认为，这是非常难得的人际智能，这方面比较突出的孩子，善于察觉别人的情绪，体会他们的感受，并很好地理解别人。

“Call friends lead with、Communication and coordination，In fact is the embodiment of the interpersonal skills。”HongMing think，This is a very rare human intelligence，This aspect is more prominent children，Good at detection of other people's feelings，Understand their feelings，And it is quite good to understand others。

　　根据美国著名发展心理学家霍华德·加德纳提出的多元智能理论，人类的智能是多元化而非单一的，主要是由语言智能、数学逻辑智能、空间智能、身体运动智能、音乐智能、人际智能、自我认知智能、自然认知智能八项组成，每个人都拥有不同的智能优势组合。

According to the development of the famous American psychologist Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is put forward，Human intelligence is diversified rather than single，Is mainly composed of language intelligence、Mathematical logic intelligent、Space intelligent、Body movement intelligent、Music intelligence、Interpersonal intelligence、Self cognitive intelligent、Natural cognitive intelligence eight composition，Everyone has different intelligent advantage combination。

　　洪明表示，中学阶段恰恰是培养和锻炼社会化技能非常重要的时期，父母还是应该先肯定孩子这方面的“优势”，在这个基础上，再提供一些合理化建议，让他能够打出智能组合的“优势拳”。

HongMing said，The middle school stage is to cultivate and exercise socialization skills very important period，Parents should confirm that this aspect of the children“advantage”，On this basis，To provide some rationalization proposal，Let he can hit the intelligent combination“Advantage boxing”。

　　

喜欢掺和事儿的隐形“公益人士” Like admix business contact“Public people”

　　相对来说，李铭的“地下班长”做得就要轻松些。

relatively，Of li Ming“Underground monitor”Do it will be easier。

　　李铭爱打乒乓球，这个小爱好，纠集了好几个“同伙”。下课铃一响，这伙人里必然会有一个箭一般地冲出教室抢占乒乓球桌，等着其他人过来“开赛”。李铭球打得一般，但他却是抢桌子最得力的那个，要赶上他在打球，别人说“李铭，我玩会儿”，他就让给人家打。

LiMingAi playing table tennis，The little hobby，Drum up several“associates”。When the bell rang，In this group will have a arrow generally rushed out of the classroom stampede table tennis table，Wait for others to“kasai”。LiMingQiu played general，But he was the most capable of the table，To catch up with him in the play，Others said“Li Ming，I play while”，He let them play。

　　这种“利他”模式很快让他成了孩子王。李铭的物理特别好，满分150，他每次考试都在145分以上。不管是自习课还是课间休息，李铭都是有问必答，有题必解。要是去游戏厅，如果赶上谁刚好花完了这个月的生活费，李铭会特豪爽地把手搭他肩膀上，说，“兄弟请你啊！”

this“altruism”Model quickly let he became HaiZiWang。Li Ming's physical especially good，Full marks in 150，Each time he exams are in more than 145 points。No matter ZiXiKe or break，Li Ming is answer their questions，A problem will solution。If go to video game room，If catch who just spent this month's living expenses，Li Ming will be special nobly handle knob to take on his shoulder，said，“Brother you ah！”

　　这股子“江湖气”在对待女生上会含蓄一些。比如春游的时候，李铭肯定会主动帮女生背包，要是哪个人高马大的男生两手空空，李铭肯定问他“好意思呀你”。反观对门那个文科班，男生是稀缺资源，哪个女生都不好意思开口找他们中的某一个帮忙，搞不好，就会被同学们起哄凑成一对。

This share“JiangHuQi”In treating girls will implicative some。For example when spring outing，Li Ming will volunteered to help girls backpack，If which RenGaoMaDa boys empty handed，Li Ming must ask him“Not bashful ah you”。In opposite the arts class，The boy is a scarce resource，Which girls embarrassed open to find any of them a help，maybe，Will be the classmates birds gather together into a pair of。

　　无论如何，李铭是个喜欢“掺和”事儿的。搞竞赛，他帮人家找题库；策划活动，他全部包办；黑板报，他帮班长出主意。可是，这些事情除了攒人气，其他的体制内荣誉大都与他无关。竞赛得奖了，是班长上台去领奖；活动成功了，老师只会记住你“积极参与”了；黑板报就更不用说了，那本来就是班长的分内事，人家才是名正言顺受表扬的。

No matter how to，Li Ming is like“admix”'s。Make competition，He helps people find question bank；Planning activities，He arranged all；Blackboard newspaper，His advice for the monitor。but，These things besides saving popularity，The other system in most of the honor he had nothing to do with。Competition winning the prize，The monitor is on stage；Activities successful，The teacher will only remember you“Actively participate in”the；Blackboard newspaper is not to mention the，That was the monitor part，The somebody else is justified by the praise。

　　在洪明看来，这些都是锻炼“领导力”的具体实践，团队意识、奉献精神、自愿服务热情，诸如此类的社会化素质在目前的教育体制中，都还得不到充分的肯定。

In HongMing seems，These are the exercise“leadership”The concrete practice of the，Team consciousness、dedication、Voluntary service enthusiasm，Such socialization quality in the present education system，Still can not get full affirmation。

　　“我们现在的教育模式，更看重语言智能和数学逻辑智能，这有利于文化知识的开发和积累。”洪明说，这种模式如果极端化，就会忽视孩子们其他方面的智能，“我们应该避免人才标准单一化，应该有多元、全面的成才观。”

“Our present education model，Think more of language intelligence and mathematical logic intelligent，This is beneficial to the development of the cultural knowledge and accumulate。”Flood testified，This kind of mode if extreme，Will ignore the children other aspects of intelligence，“We should avoid talent standard simplification，Should have multiple、Comprehensive ChengCaiGuan。”

　　一个理想的班级，是可持续的、活泼的、充满生活特性的集体。“一个纪律过严、活跃不足的班级，很难爆发出创造力。”洪明说，教育者要意识到这些素质的重要性，给那些具备领导力的孩子成长的空间，引导他们，鼓励他们，尽可能地认可他们。

An ideal class，Is sustainable、lively、Full of life characteristics of the collective。“A discipline a strict、The lack of active class，It is difficult to burst creativity。”Flood testified，Educators should realize the importance of these qualities，To those who have leadership children who grow up in space，To lead them to，Encourage them to，They recognized as much as possible。

　　

草台班子和班长叫板之后 CaoTai team and the monitor after freed

　　程成上大学之后有些不适应，没有班主任，只有比自己大不了几岁的辅导员。也有班长，但除了迎新会，几个月都没见他组织什么班级活动，同学们要么是以宿舍为单位论集体，要么就是我行我素当“独行侠”。

ChengCheng college after some does not adapt，Not the teacher in charge，Only a few years old than their big deal counselor。Also have the monitor，But in addition to welcome party，A few months didn't see him what organization class activities，The classmates or in the dormitory for the unit of collective，Either persist one's old ways when“Lone ranger”。

　　大学生活，忙的时候忙死，比如考试前一周；闲的时候闲死，比如不考试的那几个月。独立没什么不好，可没人一起玩就没意思了。程成于是组织了几次远足，最初只是去公园，人也不多，后来，不少人慕名而来。最远的那次是去山西，一共有十几个人同去，可把程成累坏了，买票、订旅馆、安排日程、设计路线，每到一个景点，他就像个导游似的大喊：“两个小时以后还在这里集合！”

College life，Busy busy die，For example a week before the exam；Idle time idle death，Such as not the exam that a few months。Independent nothing，But no one play together dull。ChengCheng so organize several hiking，First just go to the park，There aren't very many people，later，Many people over。The farthest is to shanxi，A total of more than ten individual with go to，The ChengCheng tired，Buy a ticket、Hotel reservation、scheduling、Design route，Each to a scenic spot，He is like a guide like Shouting：“Two hours after they set here！”

　　等他们十几个人安全返校，程成还没缓过劲儿来，就被辅导员叫去说了一顿万一有点什么事，你担得起责任吗？程成有些小郁闷，我这不图名不图利，累得死去活来还得挨批，怎么这么冤哪！

They more than ten personal safety back to school，ChengCheng haven't slow to recovering，Was counselor call to say a meal one thousand a little what matter，You have to bear the responsibility？ChengCheng some small depressed，I this map title nor for personal gain，Too tired to die again and again have to be criticized，How so cause！

　　程成耷拉着脑袋回宿舍发了一通儿牢骚，那个踢球崴了脚腕的哥们儿马上说，“打小报告”的一定是班长，“你把人都带走了，他的活动可是唱了空城计啊！”

ChengCheng hang one's head back to the dormitory hair YiTongEr complaints，The shot to play the ankle of the brothers immediately said，“Dozen small report”It is the monitor，“You put the people away，His activities but sing KongChengJi ah！”

　　如果说此前两人还是井水不犯河水相安无事，此后他们之间就有了各种叫板和不服。程成看不惯班长的官僚气，不能服众，对方也看不上他们的草台班子。他们晚上出去混迹于各种小吃摊，但从来不问班长去不去，虽然程成觉得他们这伙子人更像个集体，但对一心扑在学生会上的班长来说，他们不过是乌合之众罢了。

If the two people or JingShuiBuFanHeShui impunity，Since then they have all kinds of between one often hears and refuses to accept。ChengCheng averse to monitor bureaucratic gas，Can not suit the，The other side also despises their CaoTai group。They go out at night mixed with all kinds of food stand，But never ask the monitor to not to go，Although ChengCheng think they this partnership more like a collective，But for a heart rush toward on students' meeting for the monitor，They were but mob just。

　　直到大三，大家开始考级、实习，自己的事情多了，集体的事也就淡了。

Until junior year，Everyone began to accomplishment、practice，Your own thing more，The collective is light。

　　“地下核心的出现，其实是同学们对现有的管理方式不满的一种表现。”洪明说，制度化的授权、权威化的认可，有时候只能获得表面上的服从，而“民间”自发形成的核心是“大家通过事情验证出来的”，因此更有说服力和号召力。

“The emergence of underground core，Is actually the classmates to the existing management mode of a kind of expression of discontent。”Flood testified，Institutionalized authorized、Authority change recognition，Sometimes only get on the surface of obedience，and“folk”The spontaneous formation of core is“All through the things out of the validation”，So the more convincing and rallying point。

　　“有的老师喜欢选择学习好，听话，自我管理能力好的学生当班长，”洪明说，这跟老师的管理观分不开。这样的班长能够起到模范带头作用，“成绩差的学生怎么能服众呢？”

“Some teachers like to choose study well，obedient，Self management ability good student as our monitor，”Flood testified，This with the teacher, the concept of management inseparable。This monitor could play an exemplary role，“Record bad student how to suit the？”

　　洪明认为，管理不是“压制”，不是要整齐划一，纪律是一方面，活泼也很重要。在这个问题上，班长不应该是老师意志的执行者和贯彻者，而应该是通过自主自发的带动和实践，获得群体认同的参与者。只有这样，才有威信，才能服众。

HongMing think，Management is not“pressing”，Not to be neat and uniform，Discipline is on the one hand，Lively is also very important。In this problem，The monitor should not be the teacher will executor and carry out the person，And should be through the independent spontaneous drive and practice，Get group identity of the participants。Only in this way，Have authority，To suit the。

　　班长和班干部的作用不是要让所有人“一心只读圣贤书”，而是要调动每个人实现自我管理，“他们的角色不是‘官’，而是组织协调者。”洪明说。

The monitor and the class cadre's role is not to let all people“Read only sage with books”，But to mobilize everyone realize self-management，“Their role is not‘officer’，But coordinator。”Flood testified。

　　（来扬对本文亦有贡献）

（To lift this paper also contribute to）