原标题：浙江铁腕“减负”两年:学生负担“减而复增”“边减边增” Original title:Zhejiang iron hand"Alleviate the burden on"Two years: students' burden"Minus and complex increase""Side minus side increase"

　　新华网杭州9月5日电（记者余靖静）浙江“铁腕”治理初中小学过重课业负担，已有两年。然而，这一项为孩子发展长远计的教育改革，不仅地方不爱、学校喊“难”，还遭一些家长质问，“为什么不让孩子补课？”

Xinhua hangzhou on September 5,(Reporter YuJing static)zhejiang"Iron hand"Management junior middle school primary school schoolwork burden overweight,For two years.however,This is a child develop long-term meter of education reform,Not only place does not love/The school called"difficult",Also by some parents query,"Why not let the children make up a missed lesson?"

　　浙江推行史上最严格的初中小学教育“减负令”，始自2010年8月。和从前发发文件、喊喊口号相比，这次改革除了明确义务教育阶段学校不得利用寒暑假、双休日、课余时间补课外，对开设课程时间、作业量、考试量、休息和锻炼时间都做出了非常细致的规定。

In the history of zhejiang implementation of the most stringent junior high school education"To alleviate the burden on",Since the beginning of August 2010.Former and have a file/Compared to the Shouting slogans,This reform in addition to clear obligation education stage school may make use of winter and summer vacation/Double cease day/Their spare time outside make up a missed lesson,To set up the course of time/Quantity of work/Examination quantity/Rest and exercise time have made the very detailed provisions.

　　以小学为例，浙江规定一、二年级不得留书面家庭作业，其他年级学生书面家庭作业量每天控制在1小时以内；同时，小学生在校上课时间不得超过6小时。到了初中，学生平均水平书面家庭作业量每天不得超过2小时，在校上课时间则不得超过7小时。

In elementary school, for example,Zhejiang regulation/Second grade shall not leave written homework,The other grade students written homework in one hour every control within;At the same time,Elementary school students in class in school time shall not exceed 6 hours.By junior high,Students average written homework shall not exceed two hours every day,The school class time is not more than 7 hours.

　　那么，两年过后，效果如何？

so,Two years later,Effect how to?

　　记者在杭州随机采访发现，小学三年级的女生，作业写到晚上9点完不成，第二天早上三点起床继续写；小学四年级的男孩，期末仅模拟考试就要四次；有小学用眼保健操的10分钟来上课，家长抗议了也无效；还有初一新生在开学之前就参加了摸底考，学校据此决定其进快班还是慢班……

Reporter in the hangzhou random interviews found,The primary school is grade three girls,Written assignments 9 o 'clock at night to finish,The second day morning get up at three o 'clock continue to write;The fourth grade boy,The final exam is four times only simulation;A primary school with eye exercises 10 minutes to come to class,Parents to protest against also invalid;And month before the classes start new took part in the baseline examination,According to the school to determine its into honors or an easier class……

　　教育部门也意识到“减负”“难以持续”的窘境。

Education department also realized"Alleviate the burden on""unsustainable"dilemma.

　　“中小学生过重的课业负担没有根本改观，原来的问题还是普遍存在。”浙江省教育厅副厅长韩平坦言。杭州、宁波、温州等地市的教育局负责人也都感觉，课业负担是“减而复增”、“边减边增”。小学低年级“减负”或有较明显的改观之外，一进入小学高年级尤其是面临中考压力的初中，学校分快慢班、成绩排序，“主科”超课时，音体美、社会实践等课时不足，家长延请家教等现象屡见不鲜。

"Primary and middle school students overloaded schoolwork no fundamental change,The original problem is common."Zhejiang provincial deputy director HanPing said.hangzhou/ningbo/Wenzhou cities such as the bureau also feel,Schoolwork burden is"Minus and complex increase"/"Side minus side increase".Primary school lower grade"Alleviate the burden on"Or is obviously improved outside,A into the elementary school higher grades especially facing mid-term exam pressure of junior middle school,School points KuaiManBan/Result sort,"Major subject"Super class,Sound body beauty/Social practice class shortage,Parents tutor postponement of the phenomenon such as common occurance.

“减负”为何如此窘迫？ "Alleviate the burden on"Why are you so embarrassed?

　　韩平认为，在应试教育还没有改变的大环境下，“减负”显得颇为脆弱，不少学校和地方官员的观念依旧被功利思想所主导，而非尊重教育规律和孩子的成长规律。

HanPing think,In the examination-oriented education has not changed environment,"Alleviate the burden on"Appear rather fragile,Many schools and the concept of local officials still dominated the utility thought,Rather than respect education law and law of the growth of children.

　　面对省厅的高密度检查，地方有应对之策。韩平说，不少学校使出了“两张课表”的手段，公开的一张，可以公示、上网、应付检查，私下的一张则是真正实行的，“更可恶的是，这些学校还让学生和老师‘配合’，不讲真话。”

In the face of ShengTing high-density inspection,Where has of policy measures.HanPingShui,Many schools use the"Two schedule"means,Open a,Can public/Internet/To cope with a check,Private a is a real,"More abhorrent is,These schools but also let the student and the teacher‘fit’,Do not speak the truth."

　　韩平发现，不少校长有着“我减负，人家不减负，我就吃亏”的心态，避重就轻、表面应付，而市县教育部门则睁只眼、闭只眼，放任自流，对辖区内的学校“加压”行为不批评、不问责。

HanPing found,Many principal has"Alleviate the burden on my,Somebody else not alleviate the burden on,I will suffer"mentality,Cop a/Surface cope with,And the cities and counties education department with the eye/Closed eye,Let slide,For within the jurisdiction of the school"pressure"Behavior does not criticism/Ask responsibility.

　　浙江省教育学会副会长鲁林岳分析说，教育产出的结果，譬如一年有多少孩子考上北大、清华的数据，最显性，也最为地方官员所在意。而片面追求结果的过程中对学生身心健康可能造成的伤害是隐性的、难以量化的。如此，需要“对上负责”的教育部门和校长，很容易偏向前者。

Zhejiang education society vice-chairman LuLinYue analysis said,Education output results,For example one year how many children admitted to Peking University/Tsinghua data,The most dominant,Also the most local officials in meaning.And one-sided pursuit of results of the process to the physical and mental health of students may cause damage is recessive/Are difficult to quantify the.so,need"The responsible for"The education department and the headmaster,Very easy to turn to the former.

　　此外，在减负过程中，“校内减负，校外增压”的现象同样令人深思。学校探索“轻负高质”，精简课时、不补课，可许多家长觉得“吃不饱”，他们四处打听“靠谱”的培训班或家教，让孩子补课。

In addition,Alleviate the burden on the process,"Alleviate the burden on the,External booster"The phenomenon is also thought.Schools to explore"Light negative quality",Downsizing class/Don't make up a missed lesson,Many parents feel"Do not have enough to eat",They ask"By spectrum"Training or tutor,Let the children make up a missed lesson.

　　“要达到‘轻负高质’，并非教育界单方面探索即可，更盼得到家长们的理解与支持。”杭州市教育局初等教育处处长蒋锋说，这两年重点查违规补课，有天晚上十时多，有家长打进市长热线“12345”投诉，“我以为哪里在违规补课了，结果家长要投诉的是‘为什么不让孩子补课’。”

"To achieve‘Light negative quality’,Education is not unilateral exploration can,Hope to get more parents understand and support."Hangzhou education bureau elementary education director JiangFeng said,The two years key check illegal make up a missed lesson,One night more than 10,Parents have scored the mayor hotline"12345"complaints,"I think where illegal to make up missed lesson,Results the parents want to complain of the‘Why not let the children make up a missed lesson’."

　　浙江大学教授冯钢认为，家长的焦虑源自社会结构的逐渐固化，如果向上流动的渠道只有考大学，家长肯定都围着高考打转，压力也自然会逐级传导到初中、小学甚至幼儿园。

Zhejiang university professor FengGang think,Parents' anxiety from the structure of the society gradually solidified,If flow up channel only take an examination of university,Parents must have around the university entrance exam circle,Pressure also naturally step conduction to junior high school/Primary school and kindergarten.

　　“减负”，尽管“屡败”，还是要“屡战”。

"Alleviate the burden on",although"defeat",or"Often war".

　　总结此前的经验和教训，浙江教育部门认为，考试制度和评价制度的改革是减负的“治本”之举。

Summarize previous experiences and lessons,Zhejiang education department think,The test system and evaluation system reform is reduction of the financial burden of"Effect a permanent cure"an.

　　作为义务教育阶段的终结性考试，中考成绩是高中阶段学校招生的重要依据之一。在实际教学中，中考内容成为不少教师开展教学的“风向标”。尤其在一些自行命题的地市，中考命题过难、过杂，直接导致初中教学任务“加压”。

As a compulsory education stage of the summative examination,Tests the result is high school stage school recruitment of one of the important basis.In actual teaching,Mid-term exam content becomes a lot of teachers in teaching"vane".Especially in some cities to proposition,Tests a difficult proposition/Had mixed,Led directly to the junior middle school teaching task"pressure".

　　对此，2012年秋季学期起，浙江省教育厅要求各地市优质高中的保送生比例不得少于50%。据了解，目前台州市下辖的温岭市已将100%的省级重点高中招生指标全部分配到初中学校。省会城市杭州也承诺，重高保送比例将在2015年超过50%。同时，为控制中考难度，2012年起，该省各地市的初中毕业生学业考试试卷质量评估也将向社会公布。

this,The 2012 fall semester up,Zhejiang provincial department of high quality for every city high school unripe ratio shall not be less than 50%.It is understood,At present taizhou wenling city has been under the 100% of the provincial key high school enrollment index all assigned to the junior middle school.Provincial capital city of hangzhou has promised,Heavy high walks ratio will more than 50% in 2015.At the same time,In order to control the difficulty of the examination,Since 2012,All over the province city of junior middle school graduate school test papers quality evaluation will also publish to the society.

　　而在浙江的一些学校和地区，已经对此进行了探索。在杭州的求是小学，学校把“98%以上的学生喜欢上学”当做教育质量的一项核心标准。2010年起，杭州市上城区教育局与北京师范大学合作，对区域内学生进行社会适应性测试，涉及学生的生活满意度、孤独感、抑郁、幸福感和焦虑，以及学习兴趣等。“过重课业负担对孩子造成的伤害能否显性化？我们希望为家长和学校提供一个参考坐标。”该区督导与教育评价中心副主任马海燕说。

And some schools in zhejiang province and region,This has been explored.In hangzhou and realistic elementary school,The school"More than 98% of the students like to go to school"The quality of education as a key standard.Since 2010,Hangzhou uptown education bureau and the Beijing normal university cooperation,Within the area the student to carry on the social adaptability test,Involved in students' life satisfaction/loneliness/depression/Happiness and anxiety,And learning interest, etc."Overweight schoolwork burden to the child the damage can be innovated?We hope for parents and schools provide a reference coordinates."The supervision and education evaluation center, deputy director of the MaHaiYan said.