儿童药品的“市场失灵”要求政府伸出“看得见的手”介入，提供制度供给，对行业发展予以引导、鼓励与特殊保护。

Children drug"Market failure"Requires the government to reach out"Visible hand"intervention,Providing supplies of system,For the development of the industry to guide/Encourage and special protection.

　　9月19日上午，全国政协举行“儿童用药问题”专题研讨会，记者了解到，目前我国儿童占总人口20%以上，但儿童药品紧缺。目前，国内市场90%药品无适用于儿童的剂型。对此，全国政协建议，政府对必要的儿童药品实行补贴政策，建立完善的合理用药机制。

September 19 morning,The Chinese people's political consultative conference held"Children's drug problem"seminars,The reporter understands,At present our country children's total population 20%,But children drug shortage.At present,The domestic market 90% drug no suitable for children's dosage form.this,The Chinese people's political consultative conference Suggestions,The government subsidies to children's drug policy,Establish a perfect mechanism of rational drug use.

　　家长们恐怕都经历过这样的情形，去医院给小孩子开药，常常出现“半片”剂量，但从药房拿到的药却是成片的，服用时只能用手掰。小小药片，掰开一半不是件容易的事，有时多，有时少，只能将就给孩子吃。这种现状，对于孩子来说，是充满风险的儿童与成年人的区别，不仅是剂量的区别。因此，中国儿童药物不良反应率是成人的2倍，新生儿更是高达4倍，每年死于不良用药的人中1/3都是儿童。

Parents I'm afraid I have experienced such a situation,Go to a hospital for children to prescribe medicine,Often appear"Half a piece of"dose,But from the pharmacy to get medicine is patchy,Use only with the hand break.Small tablets,Open the half is not an easy thing,Sometimes more,Sometimes less,Only will give the child to eat.This kind of present situation,For children,Is full of risks of children and adults difference,Not only is the difference between doses.therefore,Chinese children adverse drug reaction rate is adult's 2 times,Neonatal is as high as four times,Million die each year from adverse drug of the 1/3 are children.

　　中国有3亿多儿童，儿童用药是一个巨大的市场，以小朋友最常见的感冒发烧计，0~12岁儿童年平均发病率为3.72次/年，按每次发病5天计算，每天服用3包感冒颗粒剂，一年的总需求就超过200亿包。据权威部门预测，未来中国儿童用药销售额将继续保持年均两位数以上的增长速度，预计到2015年将超过600亿元。

China has more than 300 million children,Children's medicine is a huge market,To children the most common cold fever meter,0 ~ 12 years old children's average annual incidence of a disease is 3.72 times per year,According to the five days every time calculation,A daily dose of 3 bag cold granules,A year of aggregate demand is more than 20 billion bales.According to authoritative department predicts,The future of Chinese children drug sales will continue to maintain double-digit annual growth rate,It is estimated that by 2015 will be more than 60 billion yuan.

　　事情的另一面，国内有数千家药厂，而生产儿童药品的却寥寥无几，拥有雄厚科研实力、能够自主开发儿童新药的专业药厂更是凤毛麟角。国内市场90%的药物都没有“儿童版”，多数是成人药的“减量版”，儿科医生靠经验用药，缺乏用药知识的家长更无所适从。左手是巨大需求，右手是极其短缺，反差如此之大，究竟着怎样的现实？

The other side of the coin,Domestic thousands of pharmaceutical factory,And the children of the drugs production only a few,With strong scientific research strength/Can the independent development of new drugs children professional pharmaceutical factory more rare.The domestic market, 90% of the drug are not"Children's version",Most is adult medicine"Decrement edition",Pediatricians on drug experience,The lack of medical information parents more at loose ends.The left hand is huge demand,The right hand is extremely shortage,Contrast is so big,What with what kind of reality?

　　究问原因，至少有三点是无可回避的。其一，研发成本高。据测算，同一种类型的药物，儿童药所需的研发资金几乎是成人药的两倍。目前，也没有商业保险机构或者社会专项基金来补偿临床试验可能因失败而面临的赔偿风险；其二，临床试验难。儿童用药临床试验，必须获得儿童法定监护人同意。独生子女时代，找“小白鼠”的任务很艰巨；其三，政策有瓶颈。《处方管理办法》规定一种药品，按照剂型被分为口服和注射两类，而口服和注射药分别只能购进两种厂家的药。这个规定的副作用就是，儿童用药被挤出。

Reason I,There are at least three is an inevitable.one,R&d cost high.According to the calculation,The same types of drugs,Children's medicine research and development funds needed is almost twice as many adult medicine.At present,No commercial insurance institutions or social special fund to compensate for clinical trials may face because of failure of risk compensation;The second,Clinical test difficult.Children's drug clinical trials,Children must have the legal guardian agree.One-child age,find"mice"The task is very difficult;thirdly,Policies are bottleneck.[Prescription management method]To specify a kind of drugs,According to the dosage form is divided into two types of oral and injection,And oral medicine and injection respectively can purchase two manufacturers medicine.This provision is the side effects,Children out of the drug.

　　社会有需要，市场没供给，说明“儿童用药”处于严重的“市场失灵”状态。这种尴尬状态已经存在多年，有不少业界人士不停地奔走呼吁，药品无“儿童版”的乱象再不能继续下去。“市场失灵”要求政府伸出“看得见的手”介入，提供制度供给，对行业发展予以引导、鼓励与特殊保护。

Social need,Market didn't supply,explain"Medicine for children"In serious"Market failure"state.This kind of embarrassing state have existed for many years,There are many professionals has lobbied for constantly,Drugs without"Children's version"A like to not be able to continue."Market failure"Requires the government to reach out"Visible hand"intervention,Providing supplies of system,For the development of the industry to guide/Encourage and special protection.

　　1997年以前，美国也存在这种现象，药品说明书很少标有儿童使用的信息。后来，美国出台了许多法规推进企业投入研发儿童药，譬如给儿科用药6个月的市场保护期、对涉及治疗儿童罕见病的药品，给予50%税收优惠、加快审批、7年的市场保护期（即此期限内不允许其他企业仿制）等政策。欧盟、日本、韩国等国家也都从法律法规的制订上，推动和促进儿童用药的研发生产。

1997 years ago,The United States also has this kind of phenomenon,A written description of the drug with little children's use of information.later,The United States issued a many regulations in enterprise investment in r&d children's medicine,Such as to the pediatric medicine six months of market protection/For those involved in the treatment of children with rare disease drug,Give 50% preferential tax/Accelerate examining and approving the/Seven years of market protection(This period is not allowed other enterprise imitation)policies.The European Union/Japan/South Korea and other countries is also from the formulation of laws and regulations on,Promote and promote children's use of research and production.

　　保障我国儿童药品的研发，也可以借鉴国外成功经验，提供政策供给，扶持儿童专用药物、制剂的研发。可以动用的公共政策工具包括：设立儿童用药研究基金，为儿童药研究开发提供资金赞助与技术指导；设立市场独占期或延长期，保护企业研发积极性；对儿童药生产企业给予税费减免，留足发展空间，等等。

Guarantee the children drug research and development,Also can draw lessons from foreign successful experience,Provide policy supply,Support children's special drugs/Preparation research.Can use public policy tools including:Children's medicine research fund set up,For children medicine research and development to provide funding and technical guidance;Set up the market monopoly phase or extended period,Protection enterprise development initiative;On children's drug production enterprise give tax cuts,LiuZu development space,, etc.