校车在中西部山区“水土不服”，不少孩子仍然只能徒步上学。图为甘肃渭源县一乡村小学的学生结伴摸黑上学。

The school bus mountains in the Midwest"endemic",A lot of children are still can only walk to school.The graph is gansu WeiYuanXian a rural primary school students in school all day long.

　　

【新闻广角】 [News wide-angle]

　　

一起耐人寻味的“拒收校车”事件 Intriguing together"Rejected the school bus"events

　　

对西部地区的农村中小学而言，一间可以寄宿的房子，比校车更为实用 In the western areas in terms of rural middle and primary school,A boarding house,More practical than the school bus

　　

校车在中西部山区“水土不服”，不少孩子仍然只能徒步上学 The school bus mountains in the Midwest"endemic",A lot of children are still can only walk to school

　　刚刚开学，一辆崭新的校车即将从北京启程，驶向远在甘肃省会宁县的陈去小学。

Just opening,A brand new school bus will set out from Beijing,To be HuiNingXian gansu province Chen to primary school.

　　“对不起，我们不要。”近年来，这所小学接受过许多爱心人士捐赠的书包、文具、课本甚至衣物，但面对校车，16位教师却异口同声的婉言拒收。

"I'm sorry,We don't."In recent years,The school received many love donor bag/stationery/Textbooks and even clothing,But in the face of the school bus,16 a teacher but chorus of politely refused.

　　陈去小学，一共6个教学班100名学生，由于曾经的“撤点并校”，富岔村、大水村的孩子来上学要走8至20公里的山路，部分孩子早上6点就要摸黑出门。

Chen to primary school,A total of six classes of 100 students,Because once the"From point BingJiao",Rich bifurcation village/The village children come to school to go 8 to 20 km road,Part six o 'clock in the morning the children will go out to late.

　　一群迫切渴望搭上校车的孩子，一声“我们不要”的拒收答复，矛盾的背后折射着怎样的留守儿童上学之困？

A group of eager to take on the school children,A sound"We don't"Rejection reply,The reflection of the contradiction between behind what kind of left-behind children go to school the trapped?

　　9月7日，国务院出台了“规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见”，其中明确提出“加强农村寄宿制学校建设和管理”，“学生需要寄宿的地方，要按照国家或省级标准加强农村寄宿制学校建设，为寄宿制学校配备教室、学生宿舍、食堂、饮用水设备、厕所、澡堂等设施和聘用必要的管理、服务、保安人员，寒冷地区要配备安全的取暖设施”。

On September 7,,The state council issued a"Standard of rural compulsory education school layout adjustment opinion",Put forward the"To strengthen the construction and management of rural residential schools","Students need to boarding place,According to the national or provincial standard strengthen rural residential school construction,For residential schools equipped with the classroom/Students' dormitory/Dining room/Drinking water equipment/toilet/Baths and other facilities and hire necessary management/service/Security personnel,Cold region should equipped with safety heating facilities".

　　新的规定，能否给陈去小学带来命运的转机？

The new rules,Can you give Chen go to primary school with the fate of the transfer?

　　

“水土不服”的校车 "endemic"School bus

　　陈去小学的百余名学生大多居住在周边20公里范围的自然村中，非常分散，一方面不适应统一接送，另一方面，要解决山村留守儿童的“上学难”也远非一辆校车所能解决。

Chen to primary school more than students mostly live in the range of 20 km surrounding the village,Very scattered,On the one hand does not adapt to the unified transfers,On the other hand,To solve the mountain village of left-behind children"School difficult"Also far from a school bus can solve.

　　“没有专业司机，没有平整的乡村公路，每年的油钱、养护费用也是一笔不小的开支。在山道上行走，风险也很大，学生的安全如何保障？”陈去小学教导主任周登辉讲述了“拒收原因”。

"No professional drivers,No flat country road,Annual fuel/Maintenance cost is also a lot of expenses.Walking on the mountain,Risk is very big also,How to guarantee the safety of the students?"Chen to primary school director of teaching and ZhouDengHui tells the story"Rejection reason".

　　但同时，孩子们上学的艰难却无法回避，周登辉说：“这些留守的孩子，也没有人送，只能是步行。而这个地区地理条件很差，道路崎岖，有时侯遇到下雨或者下雪的时候，学生更难走。”

But at the same time,The children go to school hard but is unable to avoid,ZhouDengHui said:"These left-behind children,And no one to send,Can only be walking.And in the area, the geographical condition is very poor,Bumpy road,Sometimes caught in the rain or when it snows,Students go to."

　　记者在当地采访时跟踪了一位学生上学的过程。

Reporter in an interview with local tracking a process of students to go to school.

　　早上5:20，五年级学生马润娇家的闹钟准时响起。马润娇睡不醒，哼唧着怎么也起不来。等到硬撑着从床上爬起来，看看闹钟马上就急了，顾不上吃早饭，背起书包就出了门。书包里一共装了20多本书和本子，还有两个馒头和一瓶水，很沉。出门不久书包的肩带坠断了，马润娇打了一个结系上。

Morning",Year 5 students MaRun charming home alarm clock rang on time.MaRun jiao sleepy,A whisper how to also can't get up.Wait until carry out of bed,Look at the alarm clock'll nasty,To eat breakfast,Take up bag went out the door.Bag with a total of more than 20 books and book,There are two steamed bread, and a bottle of water,heavy.Go out soon bag aglet fall off,MaRun jiao played a knot tied on.

　　6:10，外面天还是黑的。风刮在脸上生疼，马润娇又折回去包了条头巾，把脸围上。看不清路，她借助手电照亮黑黝黝的山路，遇到下坡的时候，她会跑着冲下去。

6:10,Outside is the day black.The wind blow on the face was painful,MaRun charming and back to bag a scarf,Put on the face.Can't see road,She with flashing light illuminate swart mountain road,The road meet,She would run ran down.

　　7:50，天已经大亮，马润娇终于到了学校，这时别的孩子也在陆续走进校门。

7:50,It was already big bright,MaRun jiao finally came to the school,Then other children also have walked into the school.

　　在上学路上，马润娇告诉记者：“有一次下雪，下坡的时候滑倒了，周围没有人，我就坐在地上哭，到学校的时候浑身都是泥。”后来，雨雪天的时候，马润娇就和其他孩子一样手里拿把铁锹，铲一下走一步，下坡刹不住时，就用铁锹支撑。马润娇穿着母亲手工缝制的布鞋，鞋底双层、超厚，据说比买的运动鞋还耐磨。通常这样的鞋，马润娇一学期要穿坏三双。

On the way to school,MaRun jiao told reporters:"There is a snow,The road slipped,No one around,I sat on the ground crying,To school wearing mud."later,When snow days,MaRun charming and other children hand shovel,Shovel the step,Downhill brake when not,With the spade support.MaRun charming dress mother handmade cloth shoes,Sole double/Super thick,It is said that more than buy shoes also wear-resisting.Usually these shoes,MaRun jiao a semester to wear bad three double.

　　“远一点的学生要走一个半小时左右，近一点也要十几分钟。现在，有近80个孩子每天都要翻山、过河，用脚步丈量学校与家之间的距离。” 周登辉说。

"A bit further students to go one and a half hour or so,Closer to also want to more than ten minutes.now,Nearly 80 children every day over hill/Across the river,With your feet measurement of the distance between school and home." ZhouDengHui said.

　　听说有人捐赠校车，8岁的学生党乐在本子上画出一辆校车的图案。他丝毫不掩饰自己对校车的渴望：“这样我就可以不用摔跤了，走路也少。”

I heard someone donated school bus,8 year old student party music on the notebook to draw a school bus design.He have made no secret of his desire to school:"So I can not the wrestling,Walk less."

　　面对一辆校车，孩子们的渴望与教师们的无奈“婉拒”，其间弥漫着一种怎样的纠结？

In the face of a school bus,The children's desire and the helplessness of the teachers"decline",It was kind of how to intertwine?

　　

寄宿制学校提上日程表 Residential school put on the schedule

　　“不要校车，要房子。”与年幼的党乐不同，13岁的马润娇在课本上画出的不是一辆校车而是一间房子。

"Don't school bus,To the house."And young party music different,13 years old MaRun charming on textbook draw is not a school bus but a house.

　　会宁县地处甘肃中部的干旱贫困地区，山连山、沟隔沟是这里的典型地貌。山区深处，纵横着宽不过两米的羊肠小道，只有农用车和三轮车才能通行。在许多城里人看来，用三轮车、农用车搭载孩子上学，安全隐患很大，然而对于像马润娇这样的留守儿童来说，能有三轮车、农用车送他们上学，也是一种奢望。

HuiNingXian is located in central gansu province drought in poor areas,Arrive Yellowstone/Trench isolation trench is the typical landscape.Deep mountain,Aspect the wide but two meters of the narrow meandering footpath,Only agricultural vehicles and tricycle to passage.In many city residents looks,tricycles/Agricultural vehicles carry their children to school,Safety hidden trouble big,Yet for like MaRun jiao such left-behind children speaking,Can have a tricycle/Agricultural vehicles send them to go to school,Is also a kind of expect.

　　张启业是会宁县教育局局长，他的办公室里有一册《会宁县中小学布局调整规划》，他说：“当务之急还是要建寄宿制学校，让孩子在学校吃、住，一周回一次家，问题就不大了。”

ZhangQiYe is HuiNingXian education bureau chief,His office has a book[HuiNingXian adjustment planning layout of middle and primary school],He said:"Top priority is to build residential schools,Let the child in the school to eat/live,Once a week back home,The problem is not."

　　按照会宁县的规划，当地政府计划从2009年至2015年，用近7年时间完成新一轮布局调整规划，各乡镇办好一所标准化寄宿制初中和一至两所标准化的寄宿制小学，一村办好一所小学或一个教学点。但张启业坦言，这个计划的实施，需要大量财力支撑，仅凭会宁县的财政力量非常困难。

According to the HuiNingXian planning,The local government plan from 2009 to 2015,With nearly seven years time to complete a new layout adjustment planning,The villages and towns have done well in a standardized residential junior middle school and one or two standardized residential elementary school,A village a primary school or a teaching school.But ZhangQiYe said,The implementation of the plan,Need a large number of financial support,With only HuiNingXian financial strength is very difficult.

　　鸡儿小学位于会宁县柴家门乡鸡儿村，六年制完全小学，在校学生230人。学校周边有北部山区5个行政村12个自然村，学校60%的学生就分散在这些村子。校门前不远的沟壑里，秋季雨水多，很容易引发洪水，学生回不了家，雨雪天一些学生只能分散借住在老师家里。

Chicken son primary school is located in the HuiNingXian wood house township chicken son village,Six years complete primary school,230 students in school.School peripheral northern mountainous area have five administrative villages 12 natural village,60% of the students in the school is dispersed in the village.Before the school near the ravine,Fall much rain,Very easy to cause flooding,Students can't go home,Snow day some students can only scattered lodge in the teacher home.

　　会宁全县共有292所小学，教学点53个，计划到2015年新建寄宿制小学70所。目前，正在试行的寄宿制小学不到10所。更多学校根本不具备提供、建设宿舍的条件和标准。在这种情况下，以寄宿制的发展来改变农村孩子上学困难，也成为会宁教育发展的一个主要方向。

HuiNing the county a total of 292 primary school,Teaching school 53,Plan to 2015 new residential 70 primary schools.At present,Trial is boarding primary school less than 10.More schools don't have to provide/The conditions and standards for the construction of the dormitory.In this case,To residential development to change the rural children to school difficult,HuiNing education development has become one of the main direction.

　　张启业算过这笔账：完善初中校舍和硬件配套设施，一所学校至少需要400万元；而修建寄宿制小学，要达到国家要求标准，每所学校至少投入600万至1000万元。对一个每年财政收入只有2000多万元的国家级贫困县来讲，这笔钱不是会宁县“勒紧裤腰带”就能办到的事。

ZhangQiYe calculate the bill:Perfect junior high school school buildings and hardware facilities,A school need at least 4 million yuan;Built residential elementary school,To meet the national standard requirements,Every school at least in 6 million to 10 million yuan.For a financial revenue each year only more than 2000 yuan of the state-level counties in speaking,The money is not HuiNingXian"Belt tightening"Can do things.

　　面对类似的情况张启业曾呼吁：国家应增加中小学布局调整的专项经费，特别要重视撤点并校后寄宿制小学的建设与管理，加大经费投入，加强基础设施建设，改善办学条件。

Facing similar situation ZhangQiYe have called upon:Countries should increase the layout and adjustment of the special funds for primary and secondary schools,Special attention should be paid to withdraw point BingJiao boarding primary school after the construction and management,Increase the funds investment,To strengthen infrastructure construction,Improve managerial condition.

　　

寄宿制学校建设难在哪里？ Residential school construction difficult in where?

　　2011年11月16日，甘肃正宁县榆林子镇“小博士”幼儿园一辆核载9人实载64人的改装校车与一辆货车相撞，造成21人死亡，43人受伤，其中重伤11人。

On nov 16, 2011,Gansu zhengning county town of yulin son"Little doctor in our"Kindergarten one nuclear load nine people real load 64 modified school bus and a van collided,Caused 21 people dead,43 people were injured,The 11 people seriously injured.

　　这起校车事故引发了舆论对校车安全的持续关注。兰州商学院教授雷兴长对此有着更为深切的思考：“校车安全的背后，是农村中小学长期投入不足、基层设施不完善的缺憾，应当从国家制度层面加快推进农村寄宿制学校建设工程。”

The school bus accident caused a public opinion to the school bus safe continuous attention.Lanzhou business school professor LeiXing long to have more deep thinking:"Behind the school bus safety,Is chronically inadequate investment in rural primary and secondary schools/Basic facilities not perfect be short of regret,Should from the state system level accelerating rural residential school construction project."

　　在陈去小学，4间教师宿舍被改成学生宿舍，但只能解决10个孩子的住宿问题。周登辉说：“让孩子们少走路，住在学校成了当地家长、学校、教育部门的共同心愿。”

In Chen to primary school,Between 4 teacher dormitory is made into a dormitory,But can only solve 10 children the accommodation problem.ZhouDengHui said:"Let the children walk less,Living in school became a local parents/The school/Education department's common wish."

　　记者了解到，早在2001年，《国务院关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》中就提出兴办寄宿制学校，2004年公布的《2003年~2007年教育振兴行动计划》强调，“以实施‘农村寄宿制学校建设工程’为突破口，加强西部农村初中、小学建设”。当年的一份权威调查显示，一些高山、高原、高寒及牧区、半农半牧区和荒漠地区，80%左右的初中生、50%左右的小学生需要寄宿。此后，从2004年开始国家在4年间投入100亿元新建、改扩建农村寄宿制学校7651所，惠及学生约200万人。

The reporter understands,As early as in 2001,[The state council on the foundation education reform and development decision]In the proposed boarding school,Published in 2004[In 2003 ~ 2007 education revitalization action plan]emphasize,"In order to carry out‘Rural residential school construction project’As a breakthrough,To strengthen the countryside junior middle school/Elementary school construction".In those days an authoritative survey,Some alpine/plateau/Cold and pastoral areas/Half agriculture half pastoral areas and desert region,About 80% of junior middle school students/About 50% of primary school children to boarding.Since then,Begin from 2004 countries in four years spent 10 billion yuan new/The reconstruction of rural residential school 7651,Benefit students about 2 million people.

　　但不知什么原因，近几年来从国家层面、部省层面推进农村寄宿制学校建设的力度突然式微。

But don't know what reason,In recent years from the national level/Provincial level promote rural residential school construction strength suddenly declined.

　　在甘肃，早在2006年就开始推进农村寄宿制学校建设，并在当年暑假专门举办了“全省首期农村寄宿制工程项目学校校长培训班”，20个县的213位校长受训，但遗憾的是“首期”之后再无“二期”。筹办了此次培训的西北师大附中校长刘信生认为：受配套政策及后续投入、支持等因素的影响，寄宿制学校在建设欠账和管理等方面至今仍存在诸多问题和困难。

In gansu,As early as in 2006 began to promote rural residential school construction,And in the summer special held"The province the first rural residential project training school principal",20 counties 213 school-masters trained,But it is a pity that"initial"Then no"The second phase".Organize the training school of northwest normal university President LiuXinSheng think:By supporting policies and subsequent investment/The influence of the factors such as the support,Boarding schools in: to pay off longstanding arrears in construction and management still exists many problems and difficulties.

　　陕西师范大学博士沈萍霞长期关注农村寄宿制学校建设，曾对宁夏、内蒙古、陕西省等西部13个省市区部分贫困地区的一些寄宿制学校进行了考察，对当前农村寄宿制学校面临的困难和问题有着更深的了解。她说，很多学校仍然没有可寄宿的校舍，有校舍的无食堂、浴室等设施，如此便带来了上学、住宿、饮食、安全等一系列问题，甚至导致了部分贫困学生的被迫失学。

Shaanxi normal university ShenPingXia dr long-term focus on rural residential school construction,Had to ningxia/Inner Mongolia/Shaanxi province in western etc 13 provinces and poor areas of some residential school was investigated,On the current rural residential schools face difficulties and problems have deeper understanding.She said,A lot of schools there is still no lodgeable schoolhouse,The school has no dining room/Bathroom facilities such as,So he brought to school/accommodation/diet/Safety and a series of problems,Even led to a part of the poor students are forced to drop out of school.

　　近日，国务院再次从国家制度层面提出了“加强农村寄宿制学校建设和管理”的目标。雷兴长认为，以此为契机，通过持续的投入和建设，争取用几年时间让孩子们能够“进得来”、“留得住”、“学得好”。

recently,The state council from the state system level again put forward"To strengthen the construction and management of rural residential schools"goal.LeiXing long think,As the opportunity,Through the continuous investment and construction,In a few years time to let children can"To come"/"retain"/"Learn well".

　　“建宿舍，让学生留在学校，减少学生来回奔波。可以留充足的时间，让他们去学习。” 周登辉说，建成寄宿制学校或许是农村留守孩子最为理想的上学途径。

"Build dormitory,Let the students to stay in school,Reduce the student rides.Can leave plenty of time,Let them to learn." ZhouDengHui said,Boarding school in rural left-behind children may be the ideal way to go to school.