出身真的决定命运吗？ Born really decided fate?

　　湖南省委党校人口研究所学者豆小红做过一个相关研究。按地域、年龄、受教育程度等指标，他抽取了几组湖南高校毕业生样本，分析其“职业发展”与“家庭出身”之间的关系。

Hunan provincial party committee party school population research institute scholar beans little red do have a related research.According to the regional/age/By the education degree and so on index,He extraction several group of hunan college graduates sample,Analysis of the"Career development"and"Family background"Relationship between.

　　调查结论是：父辈的职业地位，很大程度上决定了子辈的职业地位。

Research conclusion is:Our professional status,To a large extent determines the filial occupational status.

　　公众又是如何看待这一结论的呢？为此，潇湘晨报联合大湘网做了一个调查。

The public is how to look at this conclusion?therefore,Xiaoxiang morning joint big xiang net made a survey.

　　本报记者袁树勋 长沙报道

Our correspondent reported YuanShuXun changsha

75.71%受访者认为：父辈职业地位很大程度决定子辈职业地位 75.71% of respondents thought:Parents occupational status greatly decided to offspring occupational status

　　3397人参与了潇湘晨报与大湘网的此次联合调查。75.71%的受访者对“父辈职业地位很大程度上决定子辈职业地位”表示认同；但也有16.76%的人持反对意见，他们坚持“奋斗能改变命运”；其余的7.53%，选择了态度含糊的“说不清”。

3397 people participated in the xiaoxiang morning news and big xiang net the joint investigation.75.71% of respondents to"Parents occupational status largely decided to offspring occupational status"agree;But there are also 16.76% opposition,They insisted on"Struggle can change destiny";The other 7.53%,Choose the attitude vague"Cannot tell".

　　“公众的主流观点，与数据化的研究结论还是契合的。”豆小红也挺关心大家如何看待这个问题。

"The mainstream of the public view,And datalization of the collation of the research conclusion or fit."Small red bean is also very concerned about how you look at this question.

　　他的研究在2010年启动。其中一项研究抽取了403个湖南高校毕业生样本，毕业时间在8年以内，全部在湖南就业。这403人的父辈，分别属于上、中、中下、下四个不同社会等级。上层包括公务员、经理、私营业主，中层为专业技术人员、办事人员，中下层有个体户、商业服务者、产业工人，农民和城乡无固定职业者则归入下层。

His research was launched in 2010.One of the study sample of 403 hunan college graduates sample,Graduation time in eight years less than,All in hunan employment.The 403 parents,Respectively belong to the/in/below/Under four different social hierarchy.Upper including civil servants/The manager/Private owner,The middle for professional and technical personnel/clerk,Increases have soho/Commercial server/Industrial workers,Farmers and urban and rural rolling stone is classified as lower.

　　豆小红发现，父辈是中下层的223名受访者中，有160人同样居于中下层。这种“子袭父位”的现象，在父辈属于上、中、下层者中都很显著，比例分别占八成、五成、四成。

Bean little red found,Elder is some lower-level 223 respondents,There are 160 people in the same resourse.this"Son father hit a"phenomenon,In the father belongs to/in/Lower in those are very significant,Eighty percent and respectively/Fifty percent/Forty percent.

　　父辈属于下层的68人中，只有8人实现了”屌丝的逆袭”，跻身上层；而父辈属于上层的30人，无一人“堕”入下层，落入中下层的只有2人，落入中层的也只有3人。

Father belongs to the lower of the 68 people,Only eight people realized"Prick silk counter attack",Join the upper;Parents and belong to the top 30 people,No one"fall"Into lower,Fall into some lower-level only 2 people,Fall into the middle of the only three people.

73.37%的月收入3000元以下受访者表示：自己的父辈月收入也低于3000元 73.37% of the monthly income of 3000 yuan of the following respondents said:Their fathers month income is less than 3000 yuan

　　“调查中可以发现，‘富二代’大学生比‘穷二代’更容易谋求到一个好职业。”按照当下的流行语，豆小红将父辈属于中下层、下层者称为“穷二代”，父辈为上层者称为“富二代”。

"Can be found in the survey,‘Rich the second generation’Than college students‘Poor second generation’More likely to seek to a good career."According to the current catchword,Small red beans will belong to the resourse of parents/Lower were known as"Poor second generation",Parents who called for upper"Rich the second generation".

　　他从高收入(优势)行业中抽取了一组样本，发现其中“富二代”大学生的比例是“穷二代“的两倍多。这种差距是如何形成的？就业渠道或许能说明一部分问题。

From on high he income(advantage)The industry extraction a set of sample,Find it"Rich the second generation"The percentage of college graduates is"Poor second generation"Two times more.The gap is how to form?The channels of employment may be able to that part of the problem.

　　超过三成的“富二代”大学生在父母和其他亲戚的帮助下找到了工作，尤其在银行、电力行业、事业单位、大型国有单位等待遇优厚的单位格外集中；而借助此渠道实现就业的“穷二代”，只有一成。

More than thirty percent of the"Rich the second generation"College students' parents and other relatives in the help of find a job,Especially in the bank/Electric power industry/institutions/Large state-owned units well-paid unit particularly focus;And with the aid of the channels to achieve employment"Poor second generation",Only ten percent.

　　在豆小红的调研中，“穷二代”们获取就业信息的主要渠道仍是“学校组织”(58.5%)、“人才市场”(10.1%)、“同学朋友提供信息”(9.2%)以及“网络”(7.3%)。他们的就业质量也不乐观，超过五成的人进入中小企业，还有逾三成没有正式工作(兼职或无业状态)。

In the small red bean in the research,"Poor second generation"For the employment information of the main channel is still"School organization"(58.5%)/"Talent market"(10.1%)/"Friends to provide information"(9.2%)and"network"(7.3%).Their employment quality is not optimistic,More than fifty percent of the people into the small and medium-sized enterprise,There are more than thirty percent has no formal job(Part-time or jobless).

　　相比之下，“穷二代”们更热衷于跳槽。豆小红采集到的样本里，“跳槽超过三次”的群体中，“穷二代”所占比例是“富二代”的7倍；“一直在原单位工作、没换过工作”的群体中，“富二代”是“穷二代”的两倍多。

Compared with,"Poor second generation"Are more keen on job-hopping.Small red beans collected in the sample,"Job-hopping more than three times"Group in,"Poor second generation"Proportion is"Rich the second generation"Seven times;"Has been in the original work/Not in the work"Group in,"Rich the second generation"is"Poor second generation"Two times more.

　　“工作的稳定性，很大程度上反映了就业的质量与正规就业的程度，”豆小红认为，如果初次就业单位好，大学生一般不会轻易跳槽。

"Working stability of,To a large extent reflects the quality of employment and the degree of the formal employment,"Bean little red think,If this initial employment unit well,College students' general not easily job-hopping.

　　收入水平似乎佐证了“收入阶层固化说”。豆小红的抽样调查中，工作三年以下的群体中，“富二代”的年平均工资是“穷二代”的1.6倍左右；工作三年以上的群体中，这个数据接近于1.7。

Income level seems to support"Income levels, curing said".Bean small red sampling survey,Work three years the following group,"Rich the second generation"The average annual salary is"Poor second generation"1.6 times the left and right sides;Above 3 years of work in groups,This data is close to 1.7.

　　而在潇湘晨报与大湘网的联合调查中，73.37%月收入在3000元以下的受访者，其父辈的月收入也在3000元以下；39.99%月收入在8000元以上的受访者，其父辈的月收入也在8000元以上。

And in xiaoxiang morning paper net with large xiang joint investigation,73.37% lunar income is in 3000 yuan of the following of the respondents,Their parents' generation monthly income also is in 3000 yuan of the following;39.99% lunar income is in 8000 yuan of above of respondents,Their parents' generation monthly income also is in 8000 yuan of above.

34.96%受访者认为：通过奋斗可以让自己生活越来越好 34.96% of respondents thought:Through the struggle can let oneself life is getting better and better

　　“你从小的耳濡目染，你的视野见识，你被父辈所灌输的价值观，都不契合这个时代的需要。与富家子弟比，你站上人生起跑线的那一刻，就输了。”一名受访者的发言，道出了许多“穷二代”的心声。

"A you are exposed to,Your vision experience,You are the parents into values,All don't fit the needs of the time.And a millionaire ratio,You on the moment of life the starting line,You lose."A respondents speech,Expressed many"Poor second generation"heart.

　　在潇湘晨报与大湘网的联合调查中，29.70%的受访者坦言，“父辈的价值观和处事方式，导致自己性格与处事不足”对个人发展影响最大。

In xiaoxiang morning paper net with large xiang joint investigation,29.70% of respondents said,"Our values and ways,Lead to their character and lack of things"The biggest influence on personal development.

　　“穷二代”能实现“屌丝逆袭”吗？25.08%受访者表示，社会的多元化会让成功的机会越来越多，简而言之，他们不赞同“收入阶层固化说”；34.96%受访者相信奋斗会让个人生活越来越好；另有15.41%受访者认为，应该加大对后代教育的投入。持以上三种观点的受访者占受访者总数约75%。此外，22.05%受访者持悲观态度，“个人努力无法改变命运”。

"Poor second generation"Can realize"Prick silk counter attack"??25.08% of respondents said,The diversification of society will make more and more chance of success,In short,They don't agree with"Income levels, curing said";34.96% of respondents believe that struggle will make personal life is getting better and better;Another 15.41% respondents thought,Should intensify the offspring education input.The above three kinds of views of the respondents accounted for about 75% of the total number of respondents.In addition,22.05% of respondents pessimistic attitude,"Personal effort can't change destiny".

　　豆小红也认为，相比赤裸裸的“拼爹”，出身所带来的个人素质的劣势，对“穷二代”大学生的影响更为深远。

Bean little red also think,Compared with naked"Spell dad",Born brought about by the individual quality of the disadvantages,to"Poor second generation"The influence of college students more profound significance.

　　在“穷二代”聚集的社区，那些阴暗潮湿的出租房里，他走访了很多人，为这个群体的心理特征感到担忧：对自己的处境、职业、发展不满意，相反，剥夺感和不公平感强烈，甚至有仇富心理，容易怨天尤人或自甘消沉。尤其让他意外的是，就业质量较好的“穷二代”毕业生，对学校、单位和社会的评价也比较低，缺乏感恩心。

in"Poor second generation"Gathered community,The dark, dank rent the room,He visited a lot of people,This group for the psychological characteristics of feel worried:To his own situation/professional/Development is not satisfied with,instead,Deprived of feeling and unfairness derived from the strong,There is even resentment of,Easy to complain or from Kennedy depression.Especially to his surprise,The employment quality is good"Poor second generation"graduates,For the school/Unit and social evaluation is low,Lack of gratitude heart.

[相关研究] 父母当官=子女工作更好 [related research] parents officer = children work better

　　近日，清华大学(招生办)发布的一项调查成果表明，“官二代”大学毕业生的起薪比“非官二代”高出13%(约280元/月)，这个工资溢价相当于两年教育的回报。

recently,Tsinghua university(Admission office)A survey published results show that,"Officer the second generation"College graduates than starting salary"Non officer the second generation"More than 13%(About 280 yuan/month),The wage premium equivalent to two years education returns.

　　研究数据来自清华大学中国经济社会数据中心于2010年5-6月间开展的第一轮中国大学生就业追踪调查，接受调查的有来自19所高校的6059名应届毕业生，其中14%符合“父母中至少一人为政府官员(包括党政机关、事业单位和国有企业)”这一标准，为所谓的“官二代”。

Research data from tsinghua university China's economic and social data center in 2010 5-6 month carry out of the first round of the Chinese college students' employment tracking survey,Accept the investigation from the universities of 6059 graduates,With 14%"At least one person in the parents for the government officials(Including party and government organs/Institutions and state-owned enterprise)"This standard,For a so-called"Officer the second generation".

　　根据调查结果，“官二代”父母中有大专及以上文凭的比例比非“官二代”父母高6倍，平均收入高1倍。此外，父母的收入对子女工资水平影响最大，父母收入每增加1%，子女首份工资水平就增加3%，而户口性质、学历等因素则基本没有影响。但控制了这些变量后，父母政治资本的影响仍高达12%。

According to the survey,"Officer the second generation"Parents have college degree and above the proportion of diploma than not"Officer the second generation"Parents high 6 times,Average income high 1 times.In addition,The income of the parents to their children the biggest influence level of wages,Every parents income increased by 1%,Children first salary level is increased by 3%,And account properties/Factors such as the record of formal schooling is basically no influence on it.But these variable control after,The influence of parents political capital is still as high as 12%.

　　(红网)

(Rednet ()