北京军区总医院附属八一儿童医院极早产新生儿监护病房主任、副主任医师李秋平介绍，通过温度来判断小孩的健康状况，首先要了解基础体温，其次需要正确使用体温计，测量出一个比较准确的温度。

Beijing military region general hospital affiliated children's hospital of bayi extremely preterm babies strongroom director/Doctor, deputy director of the LiQiuPing is introduced,Through the temperature to judge the health of children,The first step to know the basal body temperature,Secondly it is necessary to correctly use thermometer,Measured a more accurate temperature.

　　李秋平表示，目前测体温的方法有很多，如传统的玻璃水银体温计、电子体温计、化学贴纸、红外线体温计等，但主要分为两大类，接触式的和非接触式的。“哪一种方法最好难有定论，但无论使用何种方法，正确地使用都非常重要，这决定能否得出准确的数据。”

LiQiuPing said,At present there are many ways to temperature,As the traditional glass mercury thermometer/Electronic thermometer/Chemical sticker/Infrared thermometer, etc,But mainly divided into two categories,Contact type and non-contact."What kind of best method a twist,But no matter use what method,Correctly use are very important,This decide if it can be concluded that accurate data."

发烧标准 体温轻微升高不一定是发烧 Have a fever standard slightly elevated temperature is not necessarily have a fever

　　在日常生活中，常有些家长用手摸一摸，感到孩子皮肤发烫，就认为是发烧了。有些家长认为，只要孩子的体温超过37℃就是生病了。事实上，这种做法是不科学的。

In daily life,Often some parents hand touch,Feel the child skin burning,That is have a fever.Some parents think,As long as the child's temperature more than 37 ℃ is ill.In fact,This kind of practice is not scientific.

　　胡凤华介绍说，体温大于37.5℃属于发热，体温稍高于37℃，如37.1℃或37.2℃，常是由于外界温度较高造成的。如果体温38.5℃以上，则属于高热。

HuFengHua said,Temperature greater than 37.5 ℃ belong to fever,Temperature is a little higher than 37 ℃,Such as 37.1 ℃ and 37.2 ℃,Due to the outside world is often caused by higher temperature.If the body temperature 38.5 ℃ above,Belong to high fever.

　　李秋平说，如果体温明显升高，达到38.5℃或39℃，大家很容易判断是发烧了。但对于比较低的体温，比如37.5℃，就需要分辨，是真的发烧，还是因为运动等原因导致的体温轻微升高。

LiQiuPing said,If the body temperature increased significantly,38.5 ℃ or 39 ℃,Everybody is very easy to judgment is have a fever.But for low temperature,Such as 37.5 ℃,Will need to distinguish,Is really a fever,Or because sports cause temperature slightly elevated.

　　最关键的还是要掌握孩子的基础体温情况，比如基础体温在36.5℃以下，如果体温到了37.2℃，就有了发烧的迹象；如果基础体温比较高，在36.5℃以上，那么当体温到37.5℃时，可能也没什么问题，因为喂奶或饭后、运动、哭闹、衣被过厚、室温过高等均可使婴幼儿体温暂时升高。

The key is to grasp the child's basal body temperature conditions,Such as the basal body temperature in 36.5 ℃ below,If the body temperature to 37.2 ℃,The signs of fever;If the basal body temperature is higher,In more than 36.5 ℃,So when the body temperature to 37.5 ℃ when,May also no problem,Because nursing or after dinner/movement/crying/Gown too thick/The high temperature all can make the baby a temporary increase in temperature.

基础体温 代谢率不同，基础体温有差异 Basal body temperature metabolic rate is different,Basal body temperature difference

　　李秋平表示，由于每个人的代谢率不一样，基础体温也会有所差异，大概会波动0.2-0.3℃。

LiQiuPing said,Because everyone's metabolic rate is not the same,Basal body temperature will also differences,Will probably wave 0.2 0.3 ℃.

　　要了解每个人的基础体温，需要在正常状态下连续观测几天，如每天的早晨、中午、傍晚和晚上，各测一次，就可以了解到基础体温是偏高，还是偏低。一般一天之内的体温会有波动，但在0.5℃以内。

To know everyone's basal body temperature,Need to be in normal continuous observation for a few days,If every morning/At noon/Evening and night,Each measuring a,Can understand the basal body temperature is on the high side,Or low.General one day there will be a temperature fluctuations,But in less than 0.5 ℃.

　　需要注意的是，测量部位不同，孩子的正常体温也不同，一般来讲：腋下体温为36-37℃，直肠体温比腋下体温高0.5℃左右，口腔体温比腋下体温高0.3℃左右。

Need to pay attention to is,Measurement site different,The child's normal temperature is different also,Generally speaking:Axillary temperature of 36-37 ℃,Rectal temperature than the axillary temperature is 0.5 ℃ or so,Oral temperature than the axillary temperature is 0.3 ℃ or so.

　　另外，一天之中，上午的体温通常会比下午的体温低；各个季节的体温也会有所差别。

In addition,Of a day,Morning temperature usually than afternoon temperature low;Each season temperature will also have the difference.

测温方式 红外线与贴纸类误差较大 Temperature mode infrared and sticker kind large error

　　现在测温的仪器主要有两大类，一种是接触式的，如传统的玻璃水银体温计、电子测温器，还有化学贴纸等，不管测哪个部位，腋窝、口腔、直肠等，都要直接接触。另一种是非接触式的，主要是红外线测温仪。

Now thermometric instrument basically has two kinds big,One is the output,As the traditional glass mercury thermometer/Electronic temperature detector,And chemical sticker, etc,No matter which part measurement,armpit/oral/Of rectum,All want to direct contact.Another is the contact,Mainly is the infrared thermometer.

　　李秋平说，化学贴纸不太准确，所以现在基本不怎么用；红外线测温误差也比较大，较少用于精确测量。目前临床上主要使用传统的玻璃水银体温计和电子体温计，这两种测温方式只要正确使用，都可以很准确地测量。

LiQiuPing said,Chemical sticker not too accurate,So now the basic not how to use;Infrared temperature measurement error is also great,Less used for accurate measurement.At present the main clinical use traditional glass mercury thermometer and electronic thermometer,These two kinds of temperature measuring way as long as correct use,Can be very accurate measurement.

　　胡凤华表示，好多孩子夹体温计不合作，因此，一些红外测温器很受欢迎。不过，红外测温器误差比较大，它确认发烧的度数也跟常规的不同，可能要高出一些。真正确定有没有发烧，还是以腋温为主。一般在腋下夹三五分钟。

HuFengHua said,A lot of children clamp thermometer not cooperation,therefore,Some infrared thermoscope is very popular.but,Infrared thermoscope error is bigger,It confirmed the number of degrees a fever with conventional different,May be some higher.Really sure have a fever,Or in the axillary temperature is given priority to.General in 35 minutes under his arm.

测量部位 测量体表温度较安全 Measuring position measuring body temperature is safe

　　一些家长提问腋窝、口腔和肛门，测量哪个部位的体温更准确。李秋平表示，这要看孩子多大，是不是配合，如果配合的话，这些位置都可以测量得很准确。如果测量腋窝的温度，测量之前，要将腋窝擦干，不要有汗；其次，要完整密闭地夹紧水银体温计的水银头，这个很重要。第三，测量时间一定要够，小孩一般要10分钟，大人5分钟就可以了。

Some parents ask armpit/Oral and anal,Measurement which part temperature more accurate.LiQiuPing said,It depends on how much the child,Isn't fit,If cooperate with words,These positions can be very accurate measurement.If measurement axillary temperature,Measurement before,Will dry armpit,Don't sweat;secondly,To complete closed to clamping mercury thermometer of mercury head,This is very important.The third,Measuring time must enough,Children in general to 10 minutes,Adult 5 minutes is ok.

　　玻璃水银体温计较少用来测口腔和直肠温度，尤其是不能用于不配合的小孩，因为很容易被咬碎，造成比较严重的损伤。直肠测温也有一定风险，尤其是对于新生儿来说，如果使用不当，很容易造成直肠穿孔。

Glass mercury thermometer to measure the less oral and rectal temperature,Especially can not be used in not fit children,Because it's easy to bite,Cause serious damage.Rectal temperature also has certain risk,Especially for neonatal speaking,If use undeserved,Very easy to cause the rectal perforation.

　　相对而言，测量体表温度比较安全，但是，由于时间长，孩子不配合，准确性会降低。其实，新生儿还可以测量背温，或者臀部的温度。

relatively,Measuring body temperature is safe,but,Due to the long time,Children don't fit,Accuracy will reduce.In fact,Neonatal also can measure back temperature,Or the temperature of the hip.

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常用测温仪器原理 Commonly used temperature measuring instrument principle

　　玻璃水银体温计：利用热胀冷缩的原理。

Glass mercury thermometer:Using the principle of heat bilges cold shrink.

　　电子体温计：利用热敏的电子，通过热能对电子的影响来设定。

Electronic thermometer:Using thermal electronic,Through the heat energy to electronic effect to set.

　　直肠（肛门）式体温计：采用高速热敏电阻和点式焊接方式，能够更快速地感知体温，一般仅需10秒。

rectal(anal)thermometers:Adopting high speed thermistor and point welding way,Can more quickly perception body temperature,General only 10 seconds.

　　化学贴纸体温计:就像试纸一样，贴在额头上，过一会儿会变颜色，不同颜色对应不同的温度。这是利用受热的效应，起到化学反应。

Chemical sticker thermometer: like as the test paper,Posted on his forehead,After a while will change color,Different colors for different temperature.This is the use of heating effect,Play a chemical reaction.

　　红外线体温计（耳温枪、额温枪）：非接触式测温仪，利用红外线对温度的感应确定体温。（记者 林文龙）

Infrared thermometer(Ear temperature gun/Forehead temperature gun):Non-contact thermometer,Using infrared temperature induction determine the body temperature.(Reporter LinWenLong)