在美国很多州，州政府组织的常规考试和测验已成为幼儿园学生的“必选科目”，有些幼儿园还自行增加考试内容。令人哭笑不得的是，年龄还处于“立志长大当超人”的娃娃们，已经被要求参加测试未来学业和职业倾向的考试。

Many states in the United States,The state organization routine examination and test has become a kindergarten student"Will choose subjects",Some kindergarten also add their own examination content.Is annoying,Age is still in the"When superman to grow up"Dolls are,Have been required to take part in the test the future academic and professional tendency test.

　　现象

phenomenon

　　5岁孩参加“职业倾向”考试

5 years old child to participate in"Professional tendency"examination

　　幼儿园数学考卷多达7张纸

Kindergarten mathematics test paper as much as 7 paper

　　在美国，一些好的公立小学学位一席难求，导致小学报名竞争越来越激烈，而学校在招生时也更加需要有据可依。于是，“考试风”开始在全美大小的幼儿园蔓延。考试内容五花八门，以至于一个仅5岁的幼儿园学生，就要参加号称“测试其未来职业倾向”的考试。

In the United States,Some good public elementary school degree is hard to find a seat,Lead to primary school registration with more and more competition,And the school is more when recruit students need to have according to the.so,"Examination wind"In the United States began to spread the size of the kindergarten.Exam content is multifarious,That a only 5 years old kindergarten students,Will attend so-called"Test the future professional tendency"exam.

　　考题设计向幼儿园蔓延

Examination questions design to kindergarten spread

　　美国试题设计公司ACT的副总裁威克斯表示，他也知道这样的考题听起来很可笑，特别是参加考试的大多数孩子还处于只懂得“立志长大当超人”的年龄。“当超人要什么技能？会飞？还是会透视？”威克斯苦笑说。

The United States item design company ACT's vice President wicks said,He also knows such examination questions sounds ridiculous,Especially for the exam is still in the most of the children understand only"When superman to grow up"age."When superman to want what skills?Can fly?Will still perspective?"Wicks forced smile said.

　　尽管如此，ACT公司还是即将针对8岁至18岁的学生，推出多套测试学生未来学业方向和职业倾向的题目。而且，据威克斯透露，他们已经收到大量学校来电，要求他们针对年龄更小的学生设计考题。

Even so,ACT or in the 8 years to 18 years old students,Introduced several sets of test students' future academic direction and the tendency of professional title.and,According to wicks said,They have received a large number of school calls,Ask them to age younger students design examination questions.

　　卡里·纳森是明尼苏达州一名具有20多年教学经验的幼儿园老师，她亲眼见证幼儿园课堂气氛的逐渐改变。

Cary benenson is a Minnesota has more than 20 years experience in teaching kindergarten teacher,Her eyes witness kindergarten classroom atmosphere gradually change.

　　纳森本人从不要求孩子们参加考试，她认为幼儿园就是小朋友们玩耍、唱歌跳舞和运动的地方。然而，近年来，当地校区开始要求幼儿园对学生进行各种各样的能力评估测试，测试项目越来越多。

Nathan I never asked the children to take an exam,She thinks the kindergarten is the children play/Sing and dance and movement of the place.however,In recent years,The local campus began to demand for kindergarten students various capacity assessment test,Test project more and more.

　　幼儿园口试题目111道

Kindergarten oral examination questions 111 lines

　　今年，纳森的23名幼儿园学生必须得参加字母和音标口试，口试题目多达111道。

This year,Nathan's 23 kindergarten students must participate in letters and phonetic oral examination,The oral exam questions as many as 111 lines.

　　上周，她带学生到电脑室参加另一项语言能力测试。每一位小朋友都需戴上耳机，聆听考题，然后在电脑上选择出正确的答案。纳森表示，有些学生甚至还未学会正确地使用鼠标。

Last week,She took the students to the computer room in another language ability test.Each child will be put on headphones,Listen to examination questions,Then on the computer choose the right answer.Nathan said,Some students have not even learn to correctly use the mouse.

　　而本周，孩子们又得参加数学考试，试题整整印了七张纸，孩子们需用铅笔在考卷上答题。据称，考试目的是为了让孩子们提前了解他们在小学一年级将会学到的知识。

And this week,The children have to participate in the math exam,All seal test seven piece of paper,Children need a pencil on the test the answer.it,Test the purpose is to let children know in advance in their primary school grade one will learn knowledge.

　　纳森对这个问题的看法有点矛盾。一方面，她认为这么小的孩子没必要参加正式考试；另一方面，她又不得不承认，有了考试成绩作为参考，更有助于她根据孩子的长处调整教学计划。

Nathan opinion on this problem a bit of a contradiction.On the one hand,She believes that such a small children don't need to attend a formal examination;On the other hand,She had to admit that,Have the exam scores as reference,The more help she according to the child's strengths adjustment of teaching plan.

　　幕后

Behind the scenes

　　重视早教助长“考试风”

Attach importance to encourage early"Examination wind"

　　在美国，对小孩子进行各种测试评估不是新鲜事。早在上世纪80年代初，很多州就开始对孩子进行测试，以决定他们可以上小学了还是继续留在幼儿园。但此举遭到很多教育专家的非议，认为既不公平也不可靠，因此，渐渐的，该做法被淘汰。

In the United States,A child to carry out all the test evaluation is not new.In the early 1980 s,Many states began to undertake to the child test,To decide they can elementary school or stay in kindergarten.But the move was many education experts exception,That is neither fair nor reliable,therefore,gradually,This practice was eliminated.

　　然而最近几年，美国联邦法禁止“让任何一个孩子掉队”，使学校面临必须提高学生语文和数学考试成绩的巨大压力。学生成绩不佳的学校被认为是失败的学校，有些学校甚至以学生成绩作为评估教师的主要标准，学生成绩不好，校长和老师可能会有失业的风险。

However in recent years,The United States federal law banned"Let no child left behind act",Make the school faces must improve the students' language and math exam performance by huge pressure.Poor students of the school was deemed a failure of the school,Some schools even to students' performance as the main standard of evaluating the teacher,Student achievement is bad,The headmaster and teacher may have the risk of unemployment.

　　出于压力，很多学校开始制定各种考试，以便及早判断学生的能力，参加考试的学生年龄也越来越低，以至于考试甚至在幼儿园蔚然成风。

For pressure,A lot of schools began to establish all kinds of test,In order to judge students' ability as early as possible,Students taking exams age also more and more low,That exam even in kindergarten become common practice.

　　2011年，奥巴马政府宣布拨款5亿美元扶持早教，间接助长了幼儿园考试风气。该计划鼓励及早对儿童的认知能力进行评估，因此很多幼儿园为了获得资助，积极推行更多的考试。

In 2011,,Obama government announced a $500 million early support,Indirect contributed to the kindergarten exam atmosphere.The plan to encourage early on children's cognitive ability evaluation,So a lot of kindergarten to get funded,Actively promote more exams.

　　争议

dispute

　　各有利弊 争议性大

Each have advantages and disadvantages controversial big

　　如今，美国至少有25个州规定幼儿园学生至少要参加一次正式考试。很多校区幼儿园还会自行增加额外考试。有些幼儿园在新学年开始不到几个星期，就安排孩子们参加考试。

now,The United States at least 25 state provisions kindergarten students at least to attend a formal examination.A lot of campus kindergarten will also add their own extra test.Some kindergarten in the new school year begins within a few weeks,Put the children to take an examination.

　　幼儿园考试成风，在美国引起广泛争议。事实上，关于在公立学校推广标准化考试的做法，美国各界众说纷纭。

Kindergarten examination common practice,In the United States cause widespread dispute.In fact,About in public schools promote the practice of standardized tests,The United States opinions vary from all walks of life.

　　支持者认为，早点考试以及更频繁的考试十分重要，可及早发现问题，因为很多孩子上了小学后才发现跟不上。美国最新一次全国性统考显示，只有34%的四年级生在阅读能力方面达到“熟练”水平，数学方面这个比例也只有40%。

Supporters think,Early examination and more frequent examination is very important,But as soon as possible to discover problems,Because many children in primary school after that can't keep up.The latest national unified examination display,Only 34% of seniors in the reading ability to achieve"skilled"level,Mathematics the proportion is only 40%.

　　反对者则认为，考试令年仅五六岁的小朋友过早地承受压力，而且应考挤压了原本属于玩耍的时间。此外，考试不一定能考出小朋友的真实水平，因为他们注意力容易分散，不一定能展示出自己的真正能力。

Opponents think,The exam to only five or six years old children prematurely under pressure,And take an examination extrusion originally belong to play time.In addition,Examination can not take an examination of out the true level of the children,Because they attention easy to disperse,Can not show his true ability.

　　链接

link

　　美高中生为考高分滥用药物

How much do American high school students to take an examination of high scores drug abuse

　　据《纽约时报》报道，美国很多高中生为了追求高分、考上好大学，而不惜滥用处方兴奋剂。一些在部分大学生和研究生中已司空见惯的兴奋剂，如今也开始在面临巨大竞争压力的高中生中流行。

According to[The New York times]reports,Many American high school students to pursue high scores/Admitted to a good university,But don't hesitate to abuse of prescription drugs.Some in some college students and graduate students has common stimulant,Now also began in the face of great pressure of competition of the popular in high school students.

　　美国禁毒署将利他林等几类处方兴奋剂列为二类受管制物质等同于可卡因和吗啡因为它们均属于成瘾性最强的药用物质。

The United States will undcp ritalin and so on several kind of prescription drugs classified as type controlled substances as equivalent to cocaine and heroin addiction because they all belong to the strongest medicinal material.

　　很多高中生要么从朋友那里获得这些药物，要么从学生药贩子那里花钱购买，再不然就在家长和医生面前伪装症状，骗取处方。有接受采访的学生称，每逢需要“开夜车”或考试时，为了提高注意力，他就会服用处方兴奋剂。（文字 熙怡）

Many high school students from friends or to get these drugs,Either from crude drug trafficker there to spend money on,Or in parents and doctors disguise before symptoms,Diddle prescription.Have the interview of the students said,Whenever the need"Burn the midnight oil"Or when the exam,In order to improve the attention,He will be taking prescription drugs.(Text hee yi)