就在两节长假结束的前夜，“首届十大当代孟母颁奖盛典”在京举行，女航天英雄刘洋的母亲牛喜云、培养出3个博士儿子和3个大学生女儿的草原母亲胡彩瑞、致力于残疾孩子公益讲座的山东农民田秀英以及“最美司机”吴斌的母亲范敬珍等获封“当代孟母”称号。

On the eve of the end of two long vacation,"The first ten contemporary mother meng prize-giving grand ceremony"Held in Beijing,Female space hero were mother NiuXiYun/Cultivate three doctor son and three college students' daughter of the grassland HuCaiRui mother/Committed to disabled children public lecture shandong TianXiuYing and farmers"Best driver"Roderick woo's mother was awarded as FanJingZhen seal"Contemporary mother meng"title.

　　早在今年8月，该活动开始“寻找孟母”之初，就引起了许多社会争议。有批评者认为这只是“拿孟母当做娱乐的噱头”，也有人表示“寻找孟母本身就是一个伪命题”，还有网友调侃“今天的孟母想要迁居不容易，学区房太贵”等等。

In early August,The campaign began"Looking for mother meng"At the beginning of the,He caught a lot of social disputes.Critics think that this is just"Take mother meng as entertainment stunt",Also somebody said"Looking for mother meng itself is a false proposition",Have net friend poking fun at"Today's mother meng want to move is not easy,District room is too expensive", etc.

　　此外，该活动中，刘洋母亲成为“孟母”也备受争议，批评者称：“难道只有那些名人的母亲或成功者的母亲才是孟母吗？”也有网友调侃：“刘洋父母居住小区停电，董事长17分钟后道歉赔偿。可见，与刘洋父母同一小区的业主们才是当代最明智的孟母！他们比孟母还会择邻而居”。

In addition,This activity,Were mother become"Mother meng"Also controversial,Critics say:"Don't only those celebrity's mother or a winner's mother is mother meng?"Have net friend ridicule:"Parents were residential area blackout,The chairman of the board after 17 minutes apology indemnification.visible,And parents were the same community owners is contemporary the most wise mother meng!They are mother meng will also choose to live as neighbours".

　　一档电视台举办的活动，为何引发如此多的争议？“当代孟母”这个称号，究竟又包含着什么样的含义？

A television activities,Why cause so much dispute?"Contemporary mother meng"This title,What and contain the meaning of what?

　　中国社科院哲学研究所研究员李河说：“这些年来，其实有很多‘当代孟母’之类的称号和活动，一方面这是对‘孟母’这个符号的过度消费；另一方面，许多时候这些选择都带有成败论英雄的色彩，名人的母亲便成为了‘孟母’。倘若如此，我们也可以调侃一下，孔子的母亲才应该是‘最佳孟母’，因为她生出了中国的第一圣人、影响中国两千多年的孔子。这是一句调侃，也是反讽，但却道尽了这类现象的荒谬。”

By the Chinese academy of social sciences researcher at the institute of philosophy LiHe said:"Over the years,There are a lot of‘Contemporary mother meng’And so on titles and activities,On the one hand, this is for‘Mother meng’This symbol of excessive consumption;On the other hand,Many of these options when with success or failure of the colour of the hero,Celebrity's mother became‘Mother meng’.If so,We can also poking fun at once,Confucius's mother just should be‘Best mother meng’,Because she has been responsible for China's first saint/Affect China more than two thousand years of Confucius.This is a sentence saying,Is irony,But as the way of this kind of phenomenon of the absurd."

符号对上符号 Symbol on symbol

　　北京晨报：“当代孟母”活动引发了许多争议，对此您怎么看这个现象？

The Beijing morning post:"Contemporary mother meng"Activities caused a lot of controversy,How do you look at this phenomenon?

　　李河：这个事情其实有许多值得思考的地方，比如说，为什么是孟母，不是孔母？我们知道，孔子是父母“野合”而生，在传统的儒家伦理上看，不是那么光彩，所以，孟母在传统社会成为道德典范这个现象就很有意思。更有意思的是，女航天员刘洋的母亲当选成为“当代孟母”，刘洋对很多人来说，就是一个符号，一个女航天员的符号，是国家制造的产品，既然是国家行为，就不宜在民间进行这种评选。其三，刘洋母亲当选，有一种以成败论英雄的意味，刘洋她妈是孟母，别人的母亲就不好吗？如果真要按成败论，孔子的母亲显然是最有资格的。

LiHe:It in fact there are many worthy of thinking place,For example,Why is mother meng,Not hole mother?We know that,Confucius is the parents"Surnamed ji"born,In the traditional Confucian ethical look,Not so glorious,so,Mother meng in traditional society become moral example of this phenomenon is very interesting.More interesting is,Female astronaut were mother was elected become"Contemporary mother meng",Were for many people,Is a symbol,A female astronaut symbols,Is the national manufacturing products,Since is the national behavior,It is unfavorable in folk in the selection.thirdly,Mother were elected,There is a success or failure of the hero in the theory of meaning,Were she mother is mother meng,Other people's mother is bad?If true according to theory of success or failure,Confucius's mother is clearly the best qualified.

　　北京晨报：是否孟母不该成为今天评价母亲的标准？

The Beijing morning post:If mother meng shouldn't become the standard of evaluation mother today?

　　李河：孟母是传统社会中的一个符号，但是在今天，这个符号已经被用烂了，这些年来，也曾有不少“现代孟母”之类的称呼出现，也有私塾被称为“孟母堂”，甚至还有影响广泛的“设孟母生辰为母亲节”的讨论等等。本来孟母这个故事，只有教孩子向善的意义，没有其他涵义，但是在今天，已经被赋予了太多的内容。其次，今天即便有类似的行为，也并不意味着就值得赞赏，比如说学区房的问题，很多父母为了学区房而迁居，看似是为了孩子读更好的学校，但这显然是一种功利色彩比较浓的做法，很多时候可以看作是一种不理性的投资，美国也有学区房，但是美国人并不认为选择学区房就是伟大的母爱，当然更没有类似“孟母”的评选。

LiHe:Mother meng is a symbol of the traditional society,But in today,This symbol has been used rotten,Over the years,Also had a lot of"Modern mother meng"And so on name appear,Also called xue"MengMuTang",There are even influence widely"The birth of a mother meng for mother's day"Discussion and so on.Originally mother meng this story,Only teach children to be good significance,No other meaning,But in today,Has been endowed with too much content.secondly,Today, even if has a similar behavior,Also does not mean that is worth praise,For example the school district room problems,Many parents in order to school districts and move to a new house,What seems to be for the children to read better school,But this is obviously a utilitarian color is strong practice,A lot of times can be regarded as a kind of irrational investment,The United States also has a room of the school district,But the American people don't think choosing school district room was the great maternal love,Of course no more similar"Mother meng"selection.

李河：孟母是一种什么符号 LiHe:Mother meng is a kind of what symbol

　　“当代孟母”引发了许许多多对于道德、教育的思考，同样引起公众思考的是：究竟应该如何利用传统社会留给现代人的文化资源呢？

"Contemporary mother meng"Triggered many for moral/Education thinking,The same thinking is caused by the public:How to use traditional society to modern culture resources?

　　对此，中国社科院哲学研究所研究员李河说：“如今，消费文化符号的现象越来越盛，从炎黄二帝到伏羲、女娲等，孟母只是其中一个小插曲而已。然而，因为时代的变迁、环境的不同，不少原本的文化符号开始记号化，它原本的内涵已经消解了，找不到了，成了一个过去式的记号，比如‘三从四德’，‘孟母’其实也是。因此，在今天，首先不适合过度消费；其次也需要合理的解释，重新解释出当代的内容，而不应该泥古不化，把过去式的符号使用在当代社会中。”

this,By the Chinese academy of social sciences researcher at the institute of philosophy LiHe said:"now,Consumption culture symbol phenomenon more and more prosperous,From the burning huang2 er4 di4 to fu/Nuwa, etc,Mother meng is just one small sideshow.however,Because of the changes of The Times/Environment of different,A lot of original culture symbols began to mark change,It originally connotation has been dispelled,Can not find,Became a sign of past tense,For example‘Wifely submission and virtue’,‘Mother meng’In fact, it is.therefore,In today,The first is not suitable for excessive consumption;Secondly also need reasonable explanation,To explain the content of the contemporary,And should not completely sticks to the old methods don't turn,The past type symbols used in contemporary society."

“孟母”的神话制造 "Mother meng"Myth manufacturing

　　北京晨报：“孟母”在传统社会一直都是教子的典范，教子这个内容在今天应该依旧适用吧？

The Beijing morning post:"Mother meng"In the traditional society has been a model of godchild,Godson this content in today should still apply it?

　　李河：孟母的故事本身值得寻味。据我所知，最早的描述，应该是在西汉，一个是《韩诗外传》，成书于西汉初年文景时代，一个是刘向的《列女传》，《列女传》应该是比较完整地叙述了孟母教子的故事。西汉本身有大量的伪书出现，可以说孟母的故事也是这个时代附会而出的一个神话。

LiHe:Meng mother of the story itself is worth ruminate.As far as I know,First describe,Should be in the western han dynasty,One is[Korean poetry gaiden],Writing in the early period of WenJing era,One is the LiuXiang[Column female preach],[Column female preach]Should be more complete describes the mother meng godson story.The western han dynasty itself have a lot of pseudograph appear,Can say meng mother's story is a of this age and a myth.

　　北京晨报：故事的来源难以取信，是否它所包含的内容还是值得肯定的呢？

The Beijing morning post:The source of the story to win,Whether it contains content is worth? Sure?

　　李河：如果说仅有重视教育，这当然没有问题。但实际上看孟母的故事，还有更多值得思考的。孟母先居于墓边，旁边住的都是吹鼓手一类，孟子跟着学，孟母不喜欢，后来住在市场，邻居都是商贩，又搬家，和屠夫做邻居，最后搬到学宫旁边，孟子跟着学“揖让进退”，这才定居。按说，要搬到学宫边上，一次就可以，为什么还要三迁？这其实是一种刻意的制造，是为了表现“万般皆下品，唯有读书高”的观念，包含着对社会分工的歧视。它是一种符合那个时代特定的价值观和道德标准的制造过程，最终使得孟母教子成了传统社会中的一个神话。

LiHe:If only pay attention to education,This of course no problem.But actually see mother meng story,There are more worth thinking.Mother meng first in tomb,Next to live is a trumpeter,Mencius follow learn,Meng mother don't like,Then live in market,Neighbors are vendors,And move,And ronny turiaf do neighbor,Finally moved to east side,Mencius follow learn"YiRang a",This just settled.ordinarily,East is going to move to the edge,A can,Why three moved?It is a deliberately manufacturing,Is to display"Are all resulted,Only reading high"concept,Contains of social division of labor of discrimination.It is a kind of conform to The Times specific values and moral standards of manufacturing process,Finally make mother meng godson became a traditional society of a myth.

当符号变成记号 When the symbol into mark

　　北京晨报：也就是说，孟母这个传统教子的典范在今天并不适用是吗？

The Beijing morning post:That is,Mother meng this traditional godson model in today do not apply is?

　　李河：一种文化中，必然有很多特定的符号，但是这些符号并不都是永恒不变的，更不是“俟诸万事而不惑”的，有些符号，随着时代的变化，逐渐地开始记号化，它在特定的试点，特定的环境中有影响力、有教化意义。但是换一个时代，换一个环境，它原本的意义就被消解不见了，成了一个过去式的记号，比如“三从四德”，后来的人们要理解它，就需要去了解当时代特殊的环境和状况。孟母的故事其实也是类似，它本是西汉时代的人们附会出来的一个教化故事，代表的是那个时代特有的价值观和道德观，在今天的时代里，如果依然照搬，仍旧当做同样的典范，就不合适了。

LiHe:A kind of culture,Must have a lot of particular symbol,But these symbols are not eternal,More not"All the application needs"of,Some symbols,Along with time change,Gradually began to mark change,It in particular pilot,Specific environment influential/Humanize significance.But in an era,Change an environment to,It originally meaning is digestion is missing,Became a sign of past tense,For example"Wifely submission and virtue",Later people to understand it,Will need to understand when times special environment and condition.Mother meng story actually is also similar,It is the people of west han dynasty wildly out of a civilized story,Is representative of that era characteristic values and morality,In today's era,If still copy,Still as the same model,It is improper for.

　　北京晨报：那么，“当代孟母”这一称号其实也并不恰当？

The Beijing morning post:so,"Contemporary mother meng"This title actually is not appropriate?

　　李河：不仅是过去的标准在今天难以适用，今天的事情，其实也很难和过去相符合。比如孟子在学宫学“揖让进退”，其实也就是礼，是荀子说的“成人之道”，但是今天的父母把孩子送到重点学校、贵族学校，甚至进入大学，学的是“礼”吗？不是，今天的教育是拒绝礼的，学数理化，恰恰和礼相悖。把买学区房、花高价进名校等等套在孟母的故事里，其实是很滑稽的。

LiHe:Is not only the past standard in today's difficult to apply,Today's things,In fact is also hard to and conform to the past.Such as mencius east in learning"YiRang a",In fact is also the gift,Is xunzi said"Adult way",But today's parents send their children to the key school/Exclusive school,Even enter the university,Learn is"ceremony"??not,Today's education is to refuse the gift,Learn science,On the contrary and ritual.The school district room buy/Spend high price into school and so on sets in meng mother's story,It is very funny.

过度消费的符号 Excessive consumption symbol

　　北京晨报：选当代孟母，引发了很多批评，在您看来是否应该批评？

The Beijing morning post:Choose contemporary mother meng,Has caused a lot of criticism,In your opinion whether it should be criticized?

　　李河：人们容易对这一类的事情反感和批评，更多是因为这些符号被过度地使用和消费，被用烂了。在今天，其实大量的文化符号都有同样的问题，最典型的炎黄二帝，每年都有许多公祭的新闻，还有伏羲、女娲，不少地方搞伏羲崇拜，女娲崇拜，前一段时间还搞出“女娲骨”的新闻，还有地方搞舜帝公祭等等，各地都在符号消费上搞攀比，孟母只是其中的一个小插曲而已。

LiHe:People tend to this sort of thing antipathy and criticism,More because these symbols by excessive use and consumption,Used rotten.In today,Actually a lot of cultural symbols have the same problem,The most typical burning huang2 er4 di4,Every year there are many news of the zangs,And fu/nuwa,Many places to make fu worship,Nuwa worship,Some time ago also come up with"Nuwa bone"news,And make ShunDi place of the zangs, etc,Everywhere on the symbol consumption make bandwagon,Mother meng is just one of the small sideshow.

　　北京晨报：为什么说是被过度消费呢？

The Beijing morning post:Why say by excessive consumption?

　　李河：不论是炎黄崇拜，还是女娲伏羲崇拜，其实都是一种非常原始的宗教崇拜，在宗教的打造方法上，也是一种非常早期的、原始的方法。拿到今天，必然会面临许许多多无法解决的问题，比如说炎黄是中华民族的祖先，第一个问题就是，许多少数民族的人不认同，我遇到过很多这样的情况，“炎黄不是我们的祖先，伏羲女娲也不是我们崇拜的神，是不是我们就不是中华民族了？”很多时候，对于这些符号的使用，说是寻根，花费大量的公共财政支出、附会大量的语言，但是最终拿出来的仪式，却太原始了，所以不少人说，现在的文化是没有文化的文化，让人感觉不知今夕何夕了，有点儿错位。

LiHe:Whether Chinese worship,Or nuwa fu worship,Actually all is a very primitive religious worship,In the religious make method,Is also a kind of very early/Original method.Get today,Will face many can't solve the problem,For example Chinese is Chinese nation's ancestors,The first problem is,Many minority of people don't agree,I met a lot of this situation,"Chinese is not our ancestors,Fu nuwa nor we worship god,If we are not the of the Chinese nation?"Most of the time,For these the use of symbols,, seeking the,Spend a lot of public finance expenditure/A large amounts of language,But the final out of the ceremony,But too the original,So many people said,Now the culture is no culture culture,Let a person feel not the topic hometowns,A little dislocation.

　　今天还能讲孟母吗？

Today can also speak mother meng?

　　北京晨报：那么，今天是否不该再讲孟母了呢？

The Beijing morning post:so,Whether today should not speak mother meng now?

　　李河：今天讲孟母也非不可，比如只讲重视教育是可以的，有学者提出过抽象继承的概念，就是说不管它原来的内容了，只讲抽象的概念，比如孟母，讲重视教育没有问题，但是其中行业歧视的就不要了。其次，不能简单地以成败作为标准，不是赚钱越多、影响力越大就越好，只要教孩子有爱心，有坚忍的品质，这其实就足够了。比如刘洋的母亲被选为“当代孟母”，刘洋本身就是一个女航天员的符号，她成为代表性人物，有自然的偶然性，千万个人中间可能就她或者她们几个身体条件最适合，也有社会的偶然性，在所有身体条件适合的人中间，她又因为偶然的因素获得选拔和培训，甚至在最后的选择中，还有和她一样的人，因为种种偶然的因素没有选上，那些人又该如何看待？所以，刘洋这个符号或者标志性人为地出现，是整个国家机器运作的结果，是国家产品的一部分，这样的情况中，刘洋母亲教子的一面并未显现出来，做这种个人性非常强的典范，就不太适合。

LiHe:Today speak mother meng nor do not,Such as speak only pay attention to education is possible,Some scholars proposed abstract concept of inheritance,That is no matter its original content,Speak only abstract concepts,Such as mother meng,Speak attach importance to education is no problem,But the industry is not the discrimination.secondly,Can't simply to success or failure as standard,The more money is not/The greater the influence is better,As long as teach children have love,Have the quality of perseverance,It is enough.For example were mother was elected"Contemporary mother meng",Were itself is a female astronaut symbols,She became representative figures,A natural contingency,Never among individuals may be her physical condition or they a few the most suitable,Also have social accidental,In all in condition among people of,She again for accidental factors for selection and training,Even in the final choice,And her people,For some accidental factors not selected,Those people and how to treat?so,Were this symbol or landmark artificially appear,Is the whole country machine operation results,Is the national part of a product,Such cases,Were mother godson side did not appear,Do such a personal very strong model,It doesn't suit.

　　北京晨报：抽象继承是否应该是运用传统文化符号的一个合适的规则呢？

The Beijing morning post:Abstract inheritance whether it should use of traditional culture symbol of a suitable rules are?

　　李河：“抽象继承”这个词本身也很抽，与其说抽象继承，不如说合理解释，有些符号在古代在今天都有不少不合理的地方，因此需要对她们做出合理的解释，赋予它们现代的合理内容，把适合当代的内容解释出来。而且，对应当代的内容，也应该加以界定。

LiHe:"Abstract inheritance"The word itself is also very extraction,Rather than abstract inheritance,As a reasonable explanation,Some symbol in ancient times in today there are many unreasonable places,So they need to make reasonable explanation,Give them the modern rational content,For the content of the contemporary explain out.and,Corresponding to the contemporary content,Also should be defined.

莫把世界变势界 Don't put the world become potential boundary

　　北京晨报：有批评者说当代孟母选择，也有借名人之势的嫌疑，是否如此？

The Beijing morning post:Critics say the contemporary mother meng choice,Also has the potential by celebrities of suspicion,Is whether such?

　　李河：这也是现代传媒的一个特点，搞这些轰动效应，有一个因高就高的现象，就像在高山上放鸽子，有一种叠加的效应。这涉及媒体正义的问题，媒体在社会中应该负有什么样的责任。我反倒觉得，类似“寻找最美女教师”这样的活动看起来更加崇高一点，那些山村里的教师，他们的情况，大多数城市里生活的人几乎毫不了解。就我感觉，反而能在这样的节目中获得更多的感动。

LiHe:This is also a feature of the modern media,Make these stir effect,There is a work for high phenomenon,Just like in the high mountain put pigeons,There is a stack effect.This involves the problem of media and justice,The media in society should have what kind of responsibility.But I think,similar"Look for the beauty teachers"Such activities looks more high point,The mountain village of teachers,Their situation,Most city life almost without understanding.Will I feel,But in this program can get more moves.

　　北京晨报：名人效应有时候也会起到负面作用吧？

The Beijing morning post:Celebrity effect sometimes also can have negative effects it?

　　李河：媒体真应该不断地寻找“最美女教师”这样感人的人物和事迹。而类似于“当代孟母”之类的活动，说是创意也无不可，但是太低级了。其实社会中的普通人，都是生活在一个小圈子里，能够让我们目光涉及更远的就是媒体，媒体让我们看多远我们就看多远，让我们听多远我们就听多远，因此，媒体有责任让我们看到更多的东西。我们生活的世界，其实也是一个势界，媒体应该让这个世界有更多的正义、公平等等，而不是变得更加势利。

LiHe:The media really should constantly looking for"The most beauty teachers"Moving in this way the character and deeds.And similar to"Contemporary mother meng"Activities such,Creativity is not,But it's too vulgar.In fact the social people,Is living in a circle,Can let us look farther involved is the media,The media let us see how far we can see how far,Let's listen to how far how far we listen to,therefore,The media have a responsibility to let us see more things.The world we live in,In fact, it is a potential boundary,The media should make the world more justice/Fair and so on,Rather than become more snobbish.

　　晨报记者 周怀宗

The morning paper reporter ZhouHuaiZong

　　李河 中国社科院哲学研究所研究员，《世界哲学》主编，北京哲学学会理事，《文化蓝皮书公共文化服务发展报告》编委、《文化蓝皮书国际文化产业发展报告》编委。

LiHe by the Chinese academy of social sciences researcher at the institute of philosophy,[The world philosophy]editor,Beijing philosophy association,[Cultural blue book public cultural service development report]editors/[Cultural blue book international cultural industry development report]editors.