7月15日晚，山东青岛，网友悼念跳楼自杀的13岁女孩。7月8日下午,一名13岁的女孩从青岛市一座商务楼的7层跳下身亡。这个名叫孙正雯的女孩自杀前留下三页遗书,称因为不堪忍受父母长期的家暴,决定结束自己的生命。CFP供图 July 15 late,Shandong Qingdao,Net friend mourning jumped off a building suicide 13 year old girls.July 8, afternoon,A 13-year-old girl from Qingdao a business floor of the seven layers of the jump down dead.This name was SunZhengWen girl before the suicide left three pages suicide note,Say because unbearable parents long-term domestic violence,Decided to end his own life.CFP for map

　　“发现遗体时，小女孩靠着大树，全身多处瘀伤。”一位办案民警说。

"Bodies found,The little girl on the tree,The whole body many place bruises."A case police said.

　　出人意料的是，凶手竟是她的父亲。

surprisingly,The murderer was her father.

　　今年8月中旬，6岁的小如(化名)在被“狼爸”父亲体罚6小时后死亡。10月8日，“狼爸”涉嫌虐待罪被刑拘。

In the middle of August this year,Six small as(alias)in"The Wolf dad"Father died after 6 hours corporal punishment.October 8,"The Wolf dad"Suspected crime of abuse was XingJu.

　　让北京青少年法律援助与研究中心（以下简称“中心”）副主任张雪梅忧虑的是，在多年的未成年人权益保护工作中，类似的案例很多。

Let Beijing youth legal aid and research center(Hereinafter referred to as"center")Vice director ZhangXueMei is concerned,After years of minors' rights protection work,Similar case many.

　　2011年，中心曾对过去三年间媒体报道的300个未成年人遭受家庭暴力案件进行调研。时隔一年，调研组再次归纳总结了2008年1月至2012年6月媒体报道的429个未成年人遭受家庭暴力的案件，于日前发布了《未成年人遭受家庭暴力案件调查分析与研究报告》。

In 2011,,Center for the past three years have media coverage of the 300 minor suffered domestic violence cases investigation.After a year,Research group was summed up again from January 2008 to June 2012 media coverage of the 429 minor suffered domestic violence cases,In the recently released[Minors have suffered domestic violence cases investigation analysis and study].

　　调研中，张雪梅的一个强烈感受是：未成年人遭受家暴始终是难以防治的社会问题，并且恶性案件时有发生。尤其令人忧虑的是，因未成年人遭受家暴隐蔽性较强，此类案件远未得到社会足够的关注。

Research in,ZhangXueMei is a strong feelings:Minors suffered domestic violence is always difficult to control social problem,And malignant cases happen from time to tome.Particularly disquieting is,For minors suffered domestic violence strong concealment,This kind of case is far from get social enough attention.

　　

案发地农村、城市比例趋平 Rural receipt/The city scale level off

　　调研显示，家庭暴力案件来源地比例出现了新变化，农村与城市所占案件比例基本持平。429起案件中，48.25%的案件发生在农村。

Research shows that,Domestic violence cases source proportion appeared new changes,The countryside and in the cities of the same basic case proportion.In 429 cases,48.25% of the cases occurred in rural.

　　在一般人印象中，家庭暴力多发生在农村。2011年，该机构此项调查数据显示，农村及非农村案件发生地比例分别为55%和45%。而近年来这一比例呈现持续性变化。

In general people the impression,Family violence occurs in the countryside.In 2011,,The agency the survey data show,Rural and non rural case occurred ratio were 55% and 45% respectively.But in recent years the proportion present continuous change.

　　据张雪梅介绍，农村家庭案发比例偏高，源自监护人受教育水平低及传统观念影响。“父母有权教训孩子，管教孩子别人管不着这类观念在农村地区更加根深蒂固。另一方面也与农村陋习、封建迷信有关，如重男轻女导致对女童施暴，为传宗接代导致遗弃、出卖女童或收买被拐卖男童等。”

According to ZhangXueMei introduced,The rural family the proportion is on the high side,Derived from the guardian education by the low level of traditional ideas and influence."Parents have the right to teach children,Discipline children others tube no this kind of concept in rural areas more entrenched.On the other hand also and rural abuse/Feudal superstition about,Such as "lead to girl's violence,For a lead to abandon/Sell girls or buying abducted and sold the boy, etc."

　　对于城市案件比例逐年上升的原因，报告分析指出：一方面城市生活压力大，家庭矛盾加剧导致案件增多；另一方面也与打工者涌入，流动儿童增多相关。

For the city percentages cases the cause of rising year by year,The report, the paper points out that:On the one hand city life pressure,Family conflicts aggravate lead to increased cases;On the other hand also and migrant workers into,Migrant children increase related.

　　调研显示，单亲、继亲家庭和流动、留守儿童更容易成为家庭暴力的受害者。52.68%的案件发生在因人口流动、父母结构发生变化等的“问题家庭”。

Research shows that,single/After close family and flow/Left-behind children are more likely to become the victims of domestic violence.52.68% of cases occur in for population flow/Parents structure change, etc"Family problems".

　　“家庭背景发生变化时，未成年人更容易成为家暴受害者。”张雪梅说，“家庭关系不和谐、生活压力大、家庭功能不健全都会激化矛盾。这类案件的普遍特征是，父母并没将孩子当做平等对待的对象，而是将其当成出气筒、泄愤目标或报复工具。”

"Family background change,Minors are more likely to be victims of domestic violence."ZhangXueMei said,"Family relations are not harmonious/Life pressure big/Family functions is not sound will become acute contradiction.This kind of case is a common characteristic,Parents and children will not as equal treatment object,But will be treated as a punching bag/Vent one's resentment target or revenge tool."

　　“父母个人及家庭问题是家暴发生的主要因素。”中心研究人员魏艳丽说。调研数据显示，在46起涉及贩卖孩子的案件中，28起案件源自父母为还赌债、换取赌资、换钱挥霍等目的，比例高达60.87%。

"Parents personal and family problems domestic violence is the main factor."Center researchers WeiYanLi said.Research data shows,In 46 up selling children involved in the case,28 cases from parents also gambling debts/Whale in exchange for/Money for purposes such as waste,Rates as high as 60.87%.

　　

受害人报案率不足2% The victim report a case to the security authorities rate less than 2%

　　在为期数月的调研中，调研组发现了一个令人无奈的现象：虽然多起案件中未成年人受到严重伤害，甚至街坊四邻均了解家暴情况，然而从受暴未成年人、家庭成员到基层群众组织，报案的很少。

During the months of survey,Research group found a a helpless phenomenon:Although many cases, minors to serious damage,Even the eighbourhood all understand domestic violence situation,However, from be suddenly and violently minors/Family members to grass-roots groups,Report a case to the security authorities little.

　　魏艳丽认为，一般情况下，针对未成年人家庭暴力发生后，受害者由于受到亲情影响和个人能力所限，极少报案。调研结果显示，选择报案的受害人仅占统计总数的1.4%。2011年至2012年6月间发生的案件中，更无一起是由受暴未成年人自己报案的。

WeiYanLi think,generally,According to the family for the immature after the occurrence of violence,The victims due to family influence and personal ability limit,Rarely report a case to the security authorities.Research results show that,Choose report a case to the security authorities of the victim accounted for only 1.4% of the total number of statistics.2011 to June 2012 cases occur between,No more together by the storm by minors themselves of the report.

　　不仅受害者本人选择“沉默”，其他的家庭成员、村委会、居委会也普遍认为“管教孩子是家庭内部事务，一般不选择报案”。调研数据显示，非施暴方监护人和其他家庭成员报案的比例虽然占33.8%，但大多是出现了特别严重后果的，比如极端杀害、强奸或家庭拐卖等案件。

Not only the victim I choose"silence",Other family members/Village committee/Neighborhood committee is also commonly think"Discipline their children is a family internal affairs,General chose not to go to the police".Research data shows,Not violence party guardian and other family members report a case to the security authorities proportion although accounted for 33.8%,But mostly appeared the consequences are especially serious,Such as extreme killed/Rape or family trafficking cases.

　　“相对于未成年人遭受家庭暴力的总数而言，各相关环节的人员报案率仍然很低。”张雪梅直言。

"Relative to minors have suffered domestic violence in total,The relevant link researchers report a case to the security authorities rate is still very low."ZhangXueMei the truth.

　　报告指出，正因“棍棒之下出孝子”等传统观念在公众意识中根深蒂固，使得很多人认可“暴力训儿”的家规，认为父母有权力打骂，甚至认为打骂、体罚等如没造成严重伤害都应属于合理范围。

The report says,because"Under the club a filial son"Traditional ideas, such as in public consciousness deeply rooted,Allows a lot of people recognized"Violence the son"rule,Think that parents have the power to beat and scold,Even think beat and scold/The corporal punishment, etc as no serious damage should belong to a reasonable range.

　　一位参与报告撰写的调研组成员指出，村委会、居委会作为基层群众组织，也应对未成年人负有保护义务，对发生家庭暴力负有劝阻、制止的责任。但此次统计却发现，只有一起案件是村委会发现后报案的。针对诸多未成年人被父母极端杀害或长期施暴的案件，村委会、居委会并未及时发现尽到应有职责，即使发现后也未选择主动报告。

A report in written by members of the research group of pointed out,Village committee/Residents' committees as grass-roots groups,Should also responsible for the minors protection obligation,Family violence happened to have discouraged/Stop responsibility.But the statistics are found,Only the case is the village committee found that after the report.In the light of these minors by parents extreme violence killed or long-term cases,Village committee/Neighborhood committee did not discover in time fulfill the duties due,Even after the found also did not choose active report.

　　“受社会传统文化影响，普通公民、社会大众对未成年人遭受家庭暴力也往往采取包容或习以为常的态度，社会大众一般认为管教孩子是家庭内部事务，外人不便干预。”张雪梅说。

"The traditional cultural influence by society,Ordinary citizens/The public for minors have suffered domestic violence also often take tolerance or habitual attitude,The public is believed to discipline their children is a family internal affairs,Stranger inconvenience intervention."ZhangXueMei said.

　　大多数人将暴力理解为程度严重的伤害，因而在案件未造成严重后果时，往往没有个人或组织报告和干预。张雪梅说：“观念陈旧、报告意识缺失已成为预防、制止和处理未成年人遭受家庭暴力实践中的首要难点问题。”

Most people will understand the degree of violence for serious damage,So in the case of not cause serious consequences,Often no individual or organization report and intervention.ZhangXueMei said:"Old ideas/Report lack consciousness has become prevention/Stop and deal with minor suffered domestic violence in the practice of the first difficult problem."

　　虽然当前这种情形整体形势不容乐观，但仍存在局部改善。

Although the current this situation the overall situation is not optimistic,But there are still partial improvement.

　　调研发现，与未成年人密切接触的人员和为未成年人提供服务的专业工作者对暴力事件的报告意识正在逐渐提高：邻居、市民、村民等与未成年人可能存在密切接触的人员报案的占34.27%；医务人员、教师、记者、民警等为未成年人提供服务的专业工作者报告的案件占10.03%。“这为未成年人遭受家庭暴力强制报告制度的设立提供了实践基础。”张雪梅说。

Research found that,And minors in close contact with the staff and for minors to provide services of professional workers to violence report consciousness is gradually improving:neighbor/citizens/The villagers with minors may exist in close contact with the staff report a case to the security authorities accounted for 34.27%;Medical personnel/The teacher/reporter/Such as police for minors to provide services of professional workers report cases accounted for 10.03%."This is a minor suffered domestic violence forced the establishment of reporting system provides a practical basis."ZhangXueMei said.

　　

“选择无视”等同放任暴力 "Choose to ignore"Equate indulge violence

　　家庭暴力大多在造成了严重后果时才引起关注，一般的暴力案件却得以长期隐藏。调研显示，从案件报道的施暴方式、结果、次数看，均属于较为严重的家庭暴力或犯罪案件，其中造成受暴未成年人死亡的有222件，超过了案件总数的一半。

Family violence mostly in caused serious consequences to concern,General of violent crime can long-term hidden.Research shows that,Case reports from the way of violence/The results/Times see,All belong to serious family violence or criminal case,The cause of death by storm minors 222,More than half of the total number of cases.

　　从持续时间看，17.72%的未成年人长期反复遭受侵害，最长的达14年；只遭受一次侵害的案件大部分结果是“未成年人受暴致死或被拐卖”。从案件内容看，施暴方式也大都属于采用残忍手段。

From the continuous time watching,17.72% of the minors' long-term repeatedly suffer violation,The longest up to 14 years;Only suffered a violation cases the most"Minors by storm lethal or abducted and sold".From the case the look of content,Violence means also mostly belong to the cruel means.

　　“由此可见，目前特别严重的未成年人遭受家庭暴力已经引起社会公众的关注，但一般性家暴行为和尚未出现严重后果的案件则比较隐蔽，仍未引起公众的足够重视和公开讨论。”张雪梅说。

"Thus it can be seen,At present are especially serious minors have suffered domestic violence have cause social public attention,But general home for atrocities and has not appeared yet serious consequences case is more hidden,Still did not cause the public enough attention and public discussion."ZhangXueMei said.

　　报告指出，针对案件和施暴人的处理方式大多简单，除后果特别严重的实施刑罚外，对一般性案件缺少有效处理方式。未成年人遭受家庭暴力出现死亡或特别严重的后果，案件才得到司法机关的处理。

The report says,According to the case and the person responsible processing way most simple,Except if the consequences are especially serious implementation of the punishment,The case of general lack of effective treatment.Minors have suffered domestic violence in death or especially serious consequences,Case to get judicial authority processing.

　　数据显示，施暴人被刑事拘留或追究刑事责任的案件240件，占55.94%，其中大部分都是未成年人死亡案件；其中包括160件身体暴力案件，34件性侵害案件、14件遗弃案件和32件出卖子女的案件，这些案件中造成未成年人死亡的就有147件。

Data display,The person responsible be criminal detention shall be investigated for criminal responsibility or 240 cases,Accounted for 55.94%,Most of them are minors death case;Including 160 a physical violence cases,34 a sexual assault case/14 a deserted cases and 32 betray their children's case,These cases of death caused by minors with 147.

　　对于这一现象，张雪梅的解释是，目前我国对父母侵害未成年人合法权益案件的责任追究制度不健全、非刑罚处置方式简单，导致很多施暴者得不到有效教育和处罚，一定程度上放任了违法犯罪行为。

For this phenomenon,ZhangXueMei explanation is,At present our country to parents infringement minor legal rights case of accountability system is not sound/Non-penalization mode is simple,Lead to many abuse can not get effective education and punishment,To a certain extent, let the illegal and criminal behavior.

　　她举例说，在未受到刑事追究的189个案件中，只有4起案件严重的施暴父母受到了治安处罚，分别是遗弃、多次虐待、携子自杀、暴力管教四个案件。“其中一对父母多次采取火钳烙身体、罚跪钉子等方法对孩子施暴，造成了严重伤害，情节恶劣。”

She, for example,In has not received shall be investigated for criminal 189 cases,Only 4 cases of serious violence by the parents of public security penalties,Were abandoned/Many abuse/Suicide with their children/Violence discipline four cases."Including a couple parents many take tongs cautery body/Penalty knelt nails and other methods to children violence,Caused serious damage,Plot bad."

　　仅有10起案件相对恶劣的施暴父母受到公安机关的批评教育。10起案件中，其中有一对父母因为觉得儿子是累赘而出卖的案件、一件逼孩子乞讨又嫌孩子挣钱少而当街施暴的案件，其他几件也属于持续性暴力管教等已造成恶劣后果的案件。

Only 10 cases relative bad violence by the public security organ parents criticism education.10 cases,,There are a pair of my parents, because feel son is encumbrance and sell case/A force their child to beg and don't think children less money and facing the street violence cases,The other few also belong to persistent violence such as discipline has caused severe consequences case.

　　“很多媒体长期关注打拐、卖子行乞等社会问题，其实这些事件背后都多少隐藏着家庭暴力的阴影。”张雪梅说。

"A lot of media attention for a long time DaGuai/Sell children begging and other social problems,Actually these events are hidden behind how much the shadow of family violence."ZhangXueMei said.

　　张雪梅建议，加快立法进程，尽快出台反对家庭暴力法。据介绍，目前世界上已有120多个国家对家庭暴力进行立法，其中制定专门立法的国家有80多个。我国的反对家庭暴力法已经列入全国人大常委会2012年立法工作计划。

ZhangXueMei Suggestions,To accelerate the legislation process,Come as soon as possible against domestic violence method.According to introducing,At present more than 120 countries in the world to family violence legislation,The formulating special legislation countries have more than 80.Our family violence against law has been listed as National People's Congress (NPC) 2012 legislative work plan.