市立幼儿园对每个孩子进行气质评估测试 The city kindergarten for each child temperament assessment test

根据“气质身份证”制定个性化培养方案 According to"Temperament id card"Make personalized training program

市立幼儿园 Municipal kindergarten

　　前身为华东保育院，1948年由中共华东局在山东青州城创办，后于1949年迁移至上海，更名为华东局机关保育院。

Formerly known as east China nursery school,1948 by the HuaDongJu in shandong qingzhou city founded,In 1949 after migration to Shanghai,Renamed HuaDongJu authority nursery school.

　　1956年被移交给上海市人民政府，并与原市政府机关保育院和原妇联保育院合并，更名为上海机关第二幼儿园。1980年正式归属市妇联，并更名为上海市市立幼儿园。

In 1956, was handed over to the Shanghai municipal people's government,And with the original city government authority nursery and the women's federation nursery school merge,The second kindergarten was renamed Shanghai authorities.In 1980, after the official ownership of the municipal women's association,And was renamed Shanghai municipal kindergarten.

　　在越来越强调个性化的当今社会，如何因材施教，关注儿童的个性发展，有着64年办学历史的上海市市立幼儿园探索出了一条独特的路气质教学，即把心理学中气质学说与儿童教养方式有机结合，提出了“顺乎天性，导之有方”的教养策略,这一教育的探索至今已坚持了11年。

In more and more emphasis on personalized in today's society,How to teach students in accordance with their aptitude,Focus on children's personality development,With 64 years' history of Shanghai municipal kindergarten explore a unique road temperament teaching,The psychology of temperament theory and children's upbringing organic combination,Puts forward the"Accord with nature,Guide the judges"Breeding strategy,The education of exploration has been to the 11 years.

　　什么是气质？心理学的解释是， “气质”是与生俱来的个体心理稳定的动力特征，是个体对外界刺激的心理行为反应方式。气质是一个人与生俱来的个性特点，而且在生命早期表现得比较突出，所以很多关于婴幼儿发展与教育的研究，都将幼儿气质作为一个重要的变量予以关注。

What is the temperament?Psychology explanation is, "temperament"Is born with individual psychological stable dynamic characteristics,Is individual foreign stimulates the psychological behavior reaction way.Temperament is a person born with individual character characteristic,And in early life more outstanding performance,So a lot about infant development and education research,Children will be temperament as an important variable attention.

　　上海市市立幼儿园园长赖丽芳领衔撰写的名为《顺乎天性，导之有方不同气质婴幼儿教养策略实践与研究》的报告获得过上海市教育科学研究院成果一等奖。

The Shanghai municipal kindergarten LaiLiFang kinzley led to write the name[Accord with nature,Guide the square different temperament infant education strategy practice and research]Report won the Shanghai education scientific research achievements won.

　　不少被认为难养型，甚至在其他幼儿园被列为放弃教育对象的孩子，转学到市立幼儿园，经过一个学期的“顺乎天性”的气质教育，已经变成了自信阳光，受老师和小朋友喜爱的好孩子。

Many considered harder to raise type,Even in other kindergarten is listed as give up education object children,Transfer to city kindergarten,After a semester"Accord with nature"Temperament education,Has become a self-confidence sunshine,By teachers and children love boy.

　　事实上，孩子的“好”“坏”也是相对的，每一个孩子都是天使，关键是看大人后天对其的教育和影响。

In fact,The child's"good""bad"Is relative,Every child is an angel,The key is to see adults the day after tomorrow its education and influence.

　　气质教学有什么特殊的秘密，气质教学的孩子和传统的教学的孩子究竟有什么不同？赖丽芳表示：“因材施教以往都以教师的个人主观判断为主，而引入气质教学后，有了客观的科学评价指标和体系,教师就可以更有针对性，针对每个孩子的特点进行个性化地照顾，让每个孩子都能富有个性地发展，在幼儿园里度过受到关注和尊重的快乐童年。”

Temperament teaching have any special secret,Temperament teaching children and traditional teaching children what is the difference?LaiLiFang said:"Teach students in accordance with their aptitude ever to teacher's personal subjective judgment is given priority to,And introducing temperament after teaching,The objective of scientific evaluation index and system,Teachers can be more specific,For each child on the characteristics of individualized care,Let every child can rich individual character development,In the kindergarten through attention and respect happy childhood."

　　“为什么人家的孩子大大方方、见人就熟，而我家的孩子胆小退缩没出息？”

"Why people's children consumedly square square/See people familiar,And in my house, by my kids are timid retreat?"

　　“为什么人家的孩子活泼、快乐，而我家的孩子却非常爱哭？”

"Why somebody else's child lively/happy,And my children are crying?"

　　“为什么人家的孩子生活很有规律，而我这个孩子吃喝不规律，脾气又很大？”

"Why people's children a very regular life,And I the child food and drink not rule,Temper and great?"

　　经常会有家长们有类似的抱怨和叹息，根源在于他们没有了解清楚孩子的气质。

Often have parents have a similar complaining and sigh,Root they didn't understand clearly the child's temperament.

　　从2001年起，上海市市立幼儿园决定和华东师大心理学系联手，在婴幼儿期，通过科学测量，全面准确地了解孩子的气质特点，并在此基础上探求适应气质差异的教育方法，这一方法在教育界引起了不小的震动，很多教育专家都认为这一方法颇具重要意义，能够为婴幼儿“个性化”教养的开展提供理论依据和实践范例。

Since 2001,The Shanghai municipal kindergarten decisions and to east China normal university department of psychology,In childhood period,Through the scientific measurement,Comprehensive accurate understanding of children's temperament characteristics,And on this basis to explore the education to adapt to the temperament difference method,This method in education caused a lot of vibration,Many education experts think that this method has important meaning,For infants to"personalized"The development of the education provide the theory foundation and the practical example.

　　每个进入上海市市立幼儿园的孩子，都会进行气质评估测试，幼儿园再根据这份独一无二的“气质身份证”，制定个性化的培养方案。

Each into the Shanghai municipal kindergarten children,Will temperament assessment test,Kindergarten again according to the unique"Temperament id card",Make personalized training program.

“气质身份证”捕捉孩子的闪光点 "Temperament id card"Capture the child's flash point

　　上海市市立幼儿园园长赖丽芳表示：“我们要清楚地意识到，孩子不是一张任由我们涂抹的白纸，或是一块可以随意雕琢的粘土。每个孩子都有自己的基色，气质就是其中非常厚重的一部分，而我们的教养方式就是要与之相符，这样才能具有实效。”

The Shanghai municipal kindergarten the principal LaiLiFang said:"We should clearly realize,The child is not a let us on the white paper,Or a piece of ok and optional carve clay.Every child has his own gezer,Temperament is one part of the very thick,And our upbringing is to conform with the,This can has the actual effect."

　　让赖丽芳园长担心的是，面对孩子的一系列表现，家长们往往束手无策，然后就根据自己的意愿，采取强制式或者极端放纵的养育态度。一方面容易导致家长的养育困难，产生焦虑、厌烦等负面情绪，甚至对自己的养育能力产生怀疑和挫败感；另一方面，也会造成婴幼儿对环境产生不信任，对养育者产生冷漠、对立、逆反等心理，甚至导致一些不良行为的形成。

Let LaiLiFang the principal concern is,In the face of the child's a series of performance,Parents often at a loss what to do,And then according to their own will,Take strong system or extreme self-indulgent raising attitude.On the one hand which is easy to cause the parents raise the difficulties,Produce anxiety/Tired of negative emotions, etc,Even for their ability to raise suspicions and frustration;On the other hand,Can also cause the baby to environment produce distrust,To fosterer produce apathy/opposition/Negative and psychological,And even lead to the formation of some bad behavior.

　　不同气质特点的个体与周围世界的作用方式各不相同，这会影响婴幼儿与周围人的关系，并影响其行为的发展方向，因此，需要不同的教养方法以扬长避短。气质在童年期表现得较明显，年龄越大后天性格对其的掩盖作用越显著。

Different temperament characteristics of the individual and the world around different mode of action,This will affect the babies and infants and the relationship between the people around,And affect its behavior development direction,therefore,Need different breeding methods to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses.Temperament in childhood, behave is obvious,The older acquired character on the cover effect becomes more obvious.

　　从2001年起市立幼儿园开始探求适应气质差异的教育方法。

Since 2001 the city kindergarten began to explore the education to adapt to the temperament difference method.

　　在市立幼儿园已经工作了15个年头的向芸华老师，参与了由赖丽芳园长领衔的气质教养策略的研究课题。她班上曾碰到过一个叫龙龙的孩子，龙龙由于是爷爷奶奶照顾，宠爱有加，有求必应，造成了这孩子经常有破坏性的动作，如把幼儿园墙壁上的材料剥下来随地乱扔；硬拽娃娃厨房的水龙头，修理好了继续弄；还喜欢把小玩具和绿色植物里的泥土往水斗的下水孔里倒。面对这样的孩子，向芸华老师并没有把他丢在一边，而是一对一地照顾，由于龙龙是8月份出生，月龄小，对于他的破坏性行为，其他小朋友也会在老师的引导下，认为他是小弟弟而原谅他，“我不会强迫孩子按照我的要求去做什么，而是配合他们的行为，慢慢等待他们成长。”经过一个学期的细心照顾，龙龙破坏墙壁等行为已经慢慢改正，现在更是每天都有进步。

In the municipal kindergartens have been working for 15 years to China art teacher,Participate in the LaiLiFang led calls the temperament of the breeding strategy research topic.In her class had met a call far children,Grandma and grandpa is far due to take care of,Add dote on,responsive,Caused the child often have destructive action,Such as the kindergarten wall materials stripped down throws anywhere;Hard ye doll water in the kitchen,Repair well continue to make;Also like the small toy and green plants to sink the soil in the next hole in fall.In the face of such children,China to the art teacher did not cast him on the other side,But to take care of,Due to the far is born in August,Months small,For his disruptive behavior,The other kids will be under the guidance of the teacher,Think he's little brother and forgive him,"I will not force children to according to my request to do??????,But with their behavior,Slowly waiting for them to grow up."After a semester's care,Damage such as far wall behavior has corrected slowly,Now is improving every day.

　　5岁男孩群群（化名）在其他幼儿园被归为“问题孩子”，老师见了家长就告状，今天又做了什么坏事，群群也变得越来越不合群，性格孤僻，暴躁，喜欢动手打人。以前所在的幼儿园已经放弃了群群，后来，家长慕名将孩子转入市立幼儿园，老师们开始对他耐心指导，从不用异样的眼光去看他，慢慢地，群群的攻击性变弱了，也慢慢地懂礼貌，并开始关心他人。

5 years old boy QunQun(alias)In other kindergarten referred to as"Problem children",The teacher saw parents at all,Today and do anything bad thing,QunQun also becomes more and more social withdrawal,Withdrawn character,irritable,Likes to hit.Before the kindergarten has abandoned QunQun,later,Admiring parents the child into the city kindergarten,Teachers began to guide his patience,Never peculiar eye to see him,slowly,QunQun offensive become weak,Also slowly polite,And begin to care about others.

　　一对龙凤胎都在周晖老师的班级，哥哥诺诺性格内向，还是营养不良的体弱儿，不愿参与走平衡木游戏，后来在周晖的鼓励下，让全班小朋友一起为诺诺加油，尽管动作缓慢，但诺诺最终还是成功了，事后周晖老师表扬了他，诺诺露出了难得一见的笑脸。“作为老师，我们要尊重孩子，重视差异，鼓励孩子，不怕失败，无疑会增强孩子的自信心，减少自卑心理，善于发现和努力捕捉孩子身上的稍纵即逝的闪光点，孩子的快乐，就是我们的快乐。”

Twins are in ZhouHui teacher's class,Brother "yes, introverted,Or malnourished weak son,Don't let go the balance beam in the game,Later in ZhouHui's encouragement,Let the whole class children together for "yes, come on,Although slow,"Yes, but finally succeeded,Afterwards ZhouHui the teacher praised him,"Yes, show the rare chance of smiling face."As a teacher,We should respect children,Attaches great importance to the difference,Encourage your child,Are not afraid of failure,Will undoubtedly enhance children's self-confidence,Reduce self-abased psychology,To be good at discovery and tried to capture the children of transient flash point,The child's happy,Is our happiness."

“哥哥”老师助孩子培养阳光气质 "brother"The teacher help students cultivate sunshine temperament

　　市立幼儿园现有教师24名，其中有两名是男老师，这样的比例相对其他幼儿园已经比较高了，男老师极受欢迎，不少家长点名要让孩子进入男老师当班主任的班级，“哥哥老师”也很受孩子们的欢迎。

The city kindergarten teachers in the 24,There are two is male teacher,The proportion of this relative to other kindergarten has the relatively high,Male teacher extremely popular,Many parents call to let children to enter the male teacher on duty of the director of the class,"Brother teacher"Also popular with children.

　　陆连捷老师便是其中一位“哥哥老师”,到市立幼儿园工作有3年了，他们的工作不像其他一些幼儿园只从事体育等男性工作，而是跟女老师一样也要带班，做班主任，“有挑战，但是见证着孩子们成长的每一步，我由衷地喜欢这份工作。”

Lu LianJie teacher is one of them"Brother teacher",To the city kindergarten work have 3 years,Their job is not like other kindergarten only engaged in sports and other men work,But with female teacher will shift,Be the teacher in charge,"challenges,But witnesses the children every step of growth,I sincerely like this job."

　　铭铭曾是陆连捷带过的一名具有攻击性的孩子，喜欢动手打人，破坏别的小朋友搭建的玩具，还会用铅笔做出类似戳其他小朋友眼睛这类吓唬人的举动。为了改善铭铭的情况，陆老师这位大哥哥动起了脑筋，创设尽量避免冲突的空间，提醒排队时小朋友的前后保持一定的距离，并努力营造宽松、民主的心理环境，让孩子们能够愉快地接受老师和同伴的建议。陆老师还利用自己是男性的优势，和铭铭的爸爸沟通，铭铭的家长有时在家也会有一些攻击性的行为，家长的言行给孩子造成了一些负面的影响，“男老师讲话干脆，和家长交流时直接，有的时候也能起到事半功倍的效果。”对于自己的“哥哥老师”角色，陆连捷做得乐呵呵。

Inscription inscription was land LianJie has brought an aggressive children,Likes to hit,Damage other children build toy,Also will use pencil to make similar stab the other kids eyes this kind of scare people's behavior.In order to improve the inscription inscription situation,Miss lu the big brother moving up the brain,Create try to avoid conflict of space,Remind the queue before and after the kids to keep a certain distance,And trying to create a loose/Democratic psychological environment,Let the children can happy to accept the teacher and peer advice.Miss lu also make use of their own advantages as men,And inscription inscription father communication,Inscription inscription parents at home sometimes also can have some aggressive behavior,Parents' words and deeds to children caused some negative influence,"Male teacher speak simply,And parents communicate directly,Sometimes also can have twice the result with half the effort."For their own"Brother teacher"role,Lu LianJie do it in a good mood.

　　根据赖丽芳园长的规划，下一步还将计划进行“传统文化的现代演绎”这一课题研究。创新教学让孩子们于无形中第一次领略“立言、立思、立行、立志”的教育，于无意中第一次接受了师长“仁爱、无私、公正、亲切”的教导。

According to the principal LaiLiFang planning,The next step will be to plan"Traditional culture of modern deductive"This subject research.Innovative teaching let children to virtually first taste"LiYan/Made think/Made line/Aspire to"Education of,In accidentally first accepted teachers"love/selfless/justice/kind"teaching.