来源：新华社 source:The xinhua news agency

　　编者按：在近日举办的中国国际教育展上，出国留学热的势头不减。而与之相对，在国内一些大型招聘会上，海归已与国内求职者趋同，存在着找工作低起薪的现状。我们说，低起薪并不代表海归的成败，也不能说明海归的未来。对于大多数海归来说，低起薪只是一次发展的开始，可对于有些海归，低薪却可能已成结局。

Editor's note:In the recently held in the China international education exhibition,Study abroad hot momentum immortalization.And the relative,In some large domestic job fairs,Returnees already with domestic applicant convergence,There are looking for a job the present situation of low starting salary.We say,Low starting salary doesn't mean the success or failure of the returnees,Also cannot explain the future of the returnees.For most of the returnees speaking,Low starting salary is a development of the start,But for some returnees,Low salary but may have to end.

　　

别慢在就业起跑线上 Don't slow in employment on the starting line

　　目前，海归在国内找工作低起薪的情况已不再是少数。究其根源，与孩子家长不够理性的留学选择有关，也与部分中介对留学前景的过于理想化宣传有关。

At present,Returnees in domestic job low starting salary situation is no longer a few.The reason is,Parents and children is not rational study abroad choose relevant,Also and partial intermediary to study abroad foreground is too idealistic propaganda about.

　　低起薪与谁有关？

Low starting salary and who relevant?

　　曾在俄罗斯留学的侯一鹏，对于当初为什么留学的回答是：“因为妈妈很多同事的孩子都留学了，有的回来找到了待遇很好的工作，所以我妈觉得留学后工作前景更好。”为了妈妈的面子，侯一鹏高考后选择了自己并不是很感兴趣的俄语专业，前往俄罗斯留学。回国后找到了现在的工作，除去五险一金，他一个月拿着2600元工资。

Once studied abroad in Russia's hou a peng,To study why I answer is:"Because mom many colleagues the children to study abroad the,Some back found treatment very good job,So my mother think after study better job prospects."In order to mother's face,After the college entrance examination was a great choice themselves and not very interested in Russian professional,Went to Russia to study abroad.After returning home to find her present job,Remove five risk a gold,He a month with a $2600 salary.

　　站在人生的十字路口，毕业生如何选择今后的方向是件大事。作为孩子的家长，仅有出国的想法，而没有针对性的规划，未必是一种明智的决策。类似问题，还出现在留学者个人的身上。在中国国际教育展现场，一位学生正在咨询德国留学问题。当被问及为何要留学时，她表示，自己是读经济的，出国能更好地学习知识。但被问到为什么到德国留学，以后如何就业时，她表示并不清楚。

Standing in the crossroads in my life,How to choose the direction of the graduates in the future is a great things.As the child's parents,Only the idea of going abroad,Without specific planning,May not be a wise decision.Similar problems,Also appeared in the LiuXueZhe individual body.In the China international exhibition site,A student is consulting German study problem.When asked why want to study abroad,She says,He is reading the economy,Go abroad to better learning knowledge.But asked why study abroad to Germany,Later how to obtain employment,She says she is not clear.

　　某留学中介机构副总裁马先生表示：“如果学生和家长没有充分规划未来，只是凭着一时兴趣来决定，那么他们其实已经输在将来就业的起跑线上了。中国学生出国学经济管理类专业的特别多，其中很多并不清楚到底为什么学，也不知道学了以后应该怎么就业，只是带着模糊的理想去留学。我觉得这很不正常。”

A study abroad intermediary institutions vice President Mr. Ma said:"If students and parents not fully planning future,Only with the interest to decide,Then they actually have been lost in the future employment on the starting line.Chinese students go abroad to learn economic management specialty more special,Many of them do not know exactly why learn,Also do not know to learn how should after employment,Just with fuzzy ideal to go abroad.I think this is not normal."

　　有数据显示，近几年不少自费留学生选择通过中介机构出国留学。在中国国际教育展现场，不少留学中介机构在大力宣传，留学轻松好就业。像“名校offer快速得，高薪工作不用愁”等类似的宣传语随处可见。针对这一问题，来自北京一家中介机构的李女士说：“目前国内中介良莠不齐。比较规范的中介会尽心尽力为学生做事，而一些不具备资质的中介却靠夸大的保证、签订服务合同时模糊的概念等招揽学生。后者收取高额费用后，最后却把学生送到国外不正规的院校。”这也是大量海归入职低起薪，没能力胜任高薪工作的一个间接因素。

Data show,In recent years many students to choose at one's own expenses study abroad through intermediaries.In the China international exhibition site,A lot of study abroad intermediary agencies in the publicity,Study abroad relaxed good employment.like"School to offer fast,High-paying jobs have to worry about"And similar publicity language can be seen everywhere.In order to solve this problem,From a Beijing intermediary agencies ms. Li said:"At present domestic intermediary the good and bad are intermingled.Comparison standard intermediary will try our best to do our work for students,And some do not have qualified intermediary but by exaggerated guarantee/When a service contract, such as the concept of fuzzy solicit students.The latter charge after the high cost,The last but students abroad to informal institutions."This is also a large number of sea as low as starting salary,Didn't the ability be competent high-paying job a indirect factors.

　　如何赢在就业起跑线上？

How to win in the employment scratch?

　　从目前来看，许多留学生扎堆热门专业，而这可能导致其回国后就业竞争异常激烈。马先生建议，学生应从热门专业的跟风行列中走出来，尝试一些更加贴近社会变化的新专业。

It seems,Many students popular major gathers together,And this may lead to its home employment after unusually fierce in competition.Mr. Ma advice,Students should be popular professional ranks follow suit go out,Try something more close to the social change of the new professional.

　　除此之外，工作经验依然是影响薪酬的主因。有数据显示，有无海外工作经验使海归就业的起薪差距明显，有一至两年工作经验的海归的起薪几乎是无经验的海归的两倍。

In addition,Work experience is still influence the major cause of salary.Data show,For overseas work experience make returnees employment starting salary gap obvious,One or two years working experience of returnees starting salary is almost no experienced returnees two times.

　　马先生认为，如果海归在留学之际，能找到与本专业有关的实习单位，或者进入世界名企实习，就可以为自己积累工作经验。而完成学业后，如果能够先在海外工作一段时间再回国，其职业发展也更加顺利。对于已经回国的缺乏经验的海归，马先生支招，初期的求职目标不宜定得过高，别太在意行政职级的高低，应更加注重积累有关技术经验，能为今后登上更高的平台打下基础。（刘岩 张玉）

Mr. Ma think,If the returnees in the study,With the professional can find the practice unit,Companies to enter the world or practice,Can accumulate work experience for yourself.But after completing their studies,If we could first jobs overseas in a period of time to return,The career development also more smoothly.Have come home for the lack of experience of the returnees,Mr. Ma move,Initial career objective shoulds not be set too high,Don't care much about administrative rank of the high and low,Should pay more attention to accumulate relevant technical experience,In the future for the higher platform to lay the foundation.(LiuYan ZhangYu)

　　（文中姓名均为化名）

(The names are alias)

　　

低起薪理性用工的开始 Low start at the beginning of the rational labor

　　现阶段国内对海外人才求贤若渴，但也出现海归就业时低起薪或者低薪的状况，这其中的原因有很多。用人单位不再只认文凭，用工日趋理性；而海归的语言沟通、视野开阔等优势也在弱化。归根结底，能力决定命运。

At present domestic for overseas talents urgent need of talents,But also appears returnees employment low starting salary or the condition of the low salary,One of the many reasons.Unit of choose and employ persons not only know diploma,Labor is rational;And the returnees language communication/Vision etc advantages are also weakening.In the final analysis,Ability determines destiny.

　　海归应聘 传统优势不再

Returnees apply for traditional advantage no longer

　　语言优势一直是海归的主要优势之一，随着国内的教育水平日益与国际接轨，本土学生对语言素质的重视等，海归的语言优势已不明显。一家外贸公司的人事主管王女士表示，就目前而言，海归想靠语言优势来找工作已经很难了。同时有很多海归的英语并不好，甚至在求职信中有多处语法错误。究其原因，就是海归没有最大化地利用好国外的语言环境优势，“去了国外，接触的还是本国圈子，和外界交流得很少，所以就和国内没有大差别。”已回国3年的“80后”海归小曹说，"非你莫属’的节目里，有个海归留法10年，法语却说得不怎么样，以致学历遭质疑，现在这种状况并不少。”

Language dominance has been one of the main advantages of returnees,Along with the domestic education level increasingly with international practice,Local students to pay more attention to the quality of the language, etc,The language of the returnees advantage has not obvious.A foreign trade company's personnel director wang said,As for the present,Returnees wants to depend on the language advantage to find job is hard to the.At the same time there are many returnees English is not good,Even in the application letter has many grammar mistakes.Investigate its reason,Is the returnees not maximize make good use of foreign language environment advantage,"Went abroad,Contact or domestic circle,And the outside world communication very little,So they and domestic no big difference."Already home 3 years"After 80"Returnees XiaoCao said,"Must belong to you’show,There is a returnee leave method 10 years,French said not,So that degree has been questioned,Now this situation and many."

　　视野、见识、阅历也是海归找工作时的优势所在，刚从英国莱斯特大学媒体与广告专业硕士毕业的遥遥，回国后在青岛的一所大学做行政工作。她说，“在英国读硕只需要1年，节省了在国内读研的两年时间，这一年其实主要是锻炼英语和增长见识，开阔视野。”像遥遥这样去国外读研的还有很多，但是，“现在互联网的信息如此发达，国内的教育也日趋国际化，本土的毕业生视野并不狭窄。”王女士说。留学的优势需要和专业能力充分结合，并在日后实际工作中展现出来，这才能检验自己是否学有所成、学以致用，是否与本土学生有所差别。

vision/knowledge/Experience is also returnees looking for a job advantage,Just from British leicester university media and advertising professional master's degree of far,After returning home in Qingdao university do administrative work.She said,"Read the following in Britain need only 1 year,Save at home to go to graduate school two years time,This year is the main is exercise English and growth experience,The open field of vision."Like so far is still a lot to go to graduate school to go abroad,but,"Now the Internet information so developed,Domestic education has become more and more internationalized,Local graduates vision not narrow."Ms. Wang said.The advantage of study and the need to fully combine the professional ability,And in the future in practical work displayed,It can test whether oneself have learned something/application,Whether with the native students have differences.

　　企业用人 留学光环减弱

Enterprise employing study aura abate

　　“同样的事情，如果我请一个普通的大学生就能做得很好，我为何高薪请海归呢？”这是企业单位在招聘时非常现实的用人准则。不仅是企业这样想，作为海归的小曹也很认同“既然你的技术水平或者能力达不到要求，找工作凭什么要高薪呢？”他认为，现在的招聘，文凭占比重较小，水平决定薪资。

"The same thing,If I please a common college students can do very well,Why do I please returnees high salary?"This is the enterprise unit in hiring very realistic employing criterion.Not only is the enterprise think so,As the returnees XiaoCao is also very identity"Since your technical level or capacity can not reach the requirements,Looking for a job with what want to high salary?"He thinks,Now the recruitment,Diploma accounts for smaller,Level decided to salary.

　　近年来，多起海归“学位造假”事件曝光，海归“洋文凭”遭遇信任危机。海归李小姐在总结自己的求职经验时说：“我所在的企业看重实际能力，文凭只是参考因素，实际能力才是最重要的。当初公司简历筛选的标准就是：文凭和实习经历。入职以后，是不是海归不重要，你只有把份内的工作做好，才能保住这个‘饭碗’。”同样，海归张小姐应聘了约15家单位，遇到了五花八门的问题。在一次应聘中，招聘单位主管用英语和她对话，并要求她现场翻译一段文字。从面试开始到结束，相关招聘人员甚至没有看过她的毕业证复印件。（韩冬野 张宇钊）

In recent years,Dozens of returnees"Degree fraud"Event exposure,returnees"The diploma"Encounter crisis of confidence.Returnees miss li at the conclusion of the job experience, said:"I am in enterprise value practical ability,Diploma only reference factors,Practical ability is the most important.At the beginning of the resume screening standard is:Diploma and internship experience.Induction after,Whether returnees are not important,You have only the part of the work well,To keep the‘Rice bowl’."The same,Returnees miss zhang apply for about 15 units,Encountered all sorts of problems.In a time of applying for,Recruitment unit competent in English and she dialogue,And ask her to site translation a paragraph of text.From the beginning of the interview to the end,Related recruiters didn't even read her graduation certificate copy.(HanDongYe ZhangYuZhao)

　　

铆足力气再出发 Riveting sufficient strength to start

　　和自己赛跑

And his race

　　去年刚从日本留学归来的钟先生表示：“我挺迷茫的，当初出去的时候是砸锅卖铁，学了一身知识，想要有个好前途，没想到回来月薪还不到3000元，在厦门生活都有困难。”钟先生的困惑只是低起薪海归中的一个。面对高额的留学成本与归国后起薪偏低的反差，某留学中介机构的马先生表示：“出国留学并不意味着回国后待遇就一定比没有留学的学生好，而是在于谁创造的价值高。海归眼光要放长远，心态要放平，对自己要有信心。因为，出国留学收获的东西对自己一辈子都有益。只要在同自己赛跑时做到最好就可以了。”

Just last year from Japan study abroad returned Mr. Bell said:"I was confused,At the beginning out is surrender one's last resource,Learned a knowledge,Want to have a good future,Thought back less than 3000 yuan a month,Life is difficult in xiamen."Mr. Bell confusion just low starting salary of one of the returnees.Faced with high cost and the study abroad returned later pay low contrast,A study of intermediary agencies, Mr Ma said:"Study abroad does not mean that after returning home treatment will be better than no good of students abroad,But who is the value created high.Returnees vision to put in the long run,Mentality to set level,Have confidence in yourself.because,Study abroad the harvest of your life what is beneficial.As long as in the race with yourself when the best."

　　现在，很多海归在学成归来的时候发现，他们的工资比当初毕业后在国内工作过一段时间的学生的要低。“这个情况并不奇怪，因为你回国以后刚刚开始工作，用人单位不知道怎么评估你的水平，所以工资可能不合理。对于海归而言，重要的是你的就业增长曲线是不是比本土的学生攀升得快。如果攀升的速度比别人快，那么胜出只是时间问题。”马先生表示。

now,Many returnees in learn to return to find,Their wages than originally after graduation working in China after a period of time the students will be low."This is not strange,Because after you come back to China just began to work,Unit of choose and employ persons don't know how to evaluate your level,So pay may not reasonable.As for the returnees,It is important to your employment growth curve is better than the local students rising fast.If the rising speed faster than others,So to win is just a question of time."Mr Ma said.

　　转“逆”为“正”

turn"inverse"for"is"

　　逆向文化冲击，主要是指出国人员在离开本土相当一段时间内，经历了异文化的冲击、适应过程后，回到母文化环境产生的类似于进入新文化环境的不熟悉、误读等现象。

Reverse culture shock,Is mainly pointed out that countries people leave the local quite a period of time,Experienced the impact of different culture/Adaptive process after,Back to mother culture from the environment similar to enter the new culture environment are not familiar with/Misread the phenomenon such as.

　　刚进入职场的海归在面对逆文化冲击时，最容易犯的错误是将西方的交际方式带入中国企业，从而陷入被误解甚至被批判的尴尬处境。资深人力资源总监陈先生说：“很多海归的价值观和做事方法、待人接物的方式，都过于理想化，他们甚至无法妥善处理中国式的‘人情’，只是在上下级关系中一味套用西方职场惯例行事。因此，我们在招募海归时，非但不期望海归能带来什么国际化的东西，反而要在他们与团队磨合上消耗大量的精力成本。”

Just enter the workplace returnees in the face of reverse culture shock,The most easy to mistake is will be the western communication mode into the Chinese enterprise,Thus in misunderstood by criticism even embarrassing situation.Senior human resources director Mr. Chen said:"Many returnees values and ways of doing things/The way people,Were too idealistic,They even can't cope with the Chinese‘human’,Just in the hierarchy of duplicating western blindly workplace practices act.therefore,We are recruiting the returnees,Not only does not expect returnees can bring what international things,But in their and team break-in consume a lot of energy cost."

　　马先生也说：“现在国内人才济济，很多人能力不比海归弱，他们不仅是竞争对手，更是团队伙伴。海归只有与环境融为一体，发挥自己的长处，才能真正体现自己的价值。”

Mr Ma also said:"Now the domestic a galaxy of talents,A lot of people ability than returnees weak,They are not only the competition,Is team partners.Returnees only and environment be in harmony is an organic whole,Play to your strengths,Can we truly reflect their own value."

　　兑现对公司的承诺

Cash for the company's commitment

　　目前求职的海归中存在着一种现象，“有些海归求职时表现出一副‘只求积累经验，不求回报’的谦虚态度。但是，一旦真正被录用，他们往往就会流露出身为海归的优越感，不时抱怨同事关系及薪酬待遇”。 一家外贸公司的人事主管王女士说，“比如，有很多海归回来后都很喜欢说‘国外如何，怎么中国就这样了’、‘我在国外的时候怎么样’，这样很容易让人认为你不满于现在，会让你成为众矢之的，更严重的甚至会给企业文化带来负面效应。”

At present job returnees is a kind of phenomenon,"Some returnees job searching show a pair‘But accumulate experience,Not return’Modesty attitude.but,Once you really are hired,They often will reveal born for returnees sense of superiority,From time to time, complain that the colleague relations and remuneration". A foreign trade company's personnel director ms. Wang said,"For example,There are many returnees come back are very like to say‘Abroad how to,How China is so’/‘When I was overseas’,It's easy to let a person think you dissatisfied with the now,Can let you become target of public criticism,More serious or even to the enterprise culture negative effect."

　　也有很多求职的海归在薪资要求、工作期望上表露出“妥协”，把符合兴趣和学到知识作为职业选择的标杆。但是，陈先生表示：“这又带来另一个问题，在许多企业，很多岗位都是‘重复劳动’或纯粹流程性、体力性的工作。海归刚入职的时候，都说能坚持，但没过多久就会以与其职业规划相冲突为借口辞职，这给企业带来了很大的损失。”

Also has a lot of job returnees in salary requirements/Work out the expectations"compromise",To conform to the interest and learn knowledge as a professional choice of benchmarking.but,Mr. Chen said:"This brings another problem,In many enterprise,Many jobs are‘Repeated labor’Or pure process sex/Physical sex work.Returnees just appointment time,Said can adhere to the,But before long will be in conflict with career planning as an excuse to resign,This brings to the enterprise to a lot of loss."

　　海归的前后变脸，给企业的发展带来的风险和不确定性因素，成了众多本土企业不肯轻易录用海归的重要缘由。对于很多已经入职的海归，马先生建议说：“你需要先把不那么完美的工作做起来，哪怕是一个性质和收入都不满意的工作。你在国外留过学，应该比其他人更知道什么是职业精神。如果你能把不那么喜欢的工作做好，肯定会有人在下一步赏识你。”（张宇钊）

The returnees face before and after,To the development of enterprises bring risk and uncertainty factors,Many local enterprises will not easily become the important reason for employment returnees.For many have into the position of returnees,Mr. Ma suggested:"You need to put not so perfect work up,Even if it is a property and income are not satisfactory work.You studied abroad in foreign countries,Should be more than others know what is professional spirit.If you can not so like work well,Will someone in the next step appreciate you."(ZhangYuZhao)