随着北方各地进入供暖期，许多城市逐步进入一年中空气污染的集中期，雾霾天气频发。同时，各地中小学正在开展“每天锻炼一小时”户外活动，“雾霾天气对人体健康的隐患有多大？”成为诸多师生及家长心头的担忧。

With all the north into the heating period,Many cities gradually into a years air pollution concentration period,Fog haze weather frequency.At the same time,All primary and secondary school is carried out"Take exercise an hour every day"Outdoor activities,"Fog haze weather on human health how much hidden trouble?"Many teachers and students and parents become heart worries.

　　遇到雾霾，全国中小学生“每天在校锻炼一小时”的规定是否应该暂停？就此，相关领域的专家学者向中国青年报记者给出了解答。

Meet fog haze,The national primary and middle school students"Exercising one hour every day at school"If the provisions of should be suspended?In this,Related experts and scholars to the China youth daily reporter gives the answer.

　　

专家：雾霾天气更易危害未成年人 experts:Fog haze weather are more likely to harm minors

　　对于不少中小学生在雾霾天气下继续户外体育活动的现象，北京知名非营利环境保护机构“公众环境研究中心”副主任王晶晶表示担忧。

For many primary and middle school students in the fog haze weather continues to outdoor sports phenomenon,Beijing famous non-profit environmental protection agency"Public environmental research center"WangJingJing, deputy director of the concerned.

　　“因为剧烈运动时，身体内吸进的有害气体比平常多。同时，雾霾天气污染较重，又不利于空气流通、灰霾扩散，户外体育运动的孩子本身就更加容易吸进灰霾。”据介绍，雾霾中的有害物质包括二氧化硫、二氧化氮和PM2.5。

"Because the movement or violent,Body sucked into the harmful gas of more than usual.At the same time,Fog haze weather pollution is heavier,And against air circulation/Ash haze diffusion,Outdoor sports children itself more easily sucked into ash haze."According to introducing,Fog haze of harmful substances including sulphur dioxide/Nitrogen tetroxide and PM2.5.

　　“已经有很多研究表明，暴露在雾霾环境中的少年儿童患上哮喘病的概率更高。”中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所研究员王五一说。

"There has been much study,Exposure to the fog haze environment of the young children suffering from asthma higher probability."The Chinese academy of sciences researcher at the institute of geographical sciences and nature resources WangWu said.

　　王五一在环境生命元素与健康领域有比较深入的研究。他解释说，雾霾空气中很多颗粒物质是直接进入到肺部的，有些甚至能穿透肺部细胞。“从生理来讲，颗粒物质对成人、儿童的影响是一样的，但是，由于成人和儿童的运动量、活动量和暴露时间不一样，所以效应也不一样。”

A WangWu in environmental elements of life and health fields have more thorough research.He explained that,Fog haze air many particle material is directly into the lungs,Some even can penetrate lung cells."Will tell from physiological,Particles check adult/The influence of the children is the same,but,Due to the adults and children's amount of exercise/Activity and exposure time is not the same,So the effect is different also."

　　“PM2.5浓度每升高10微克/立方米，我国居民每日死亡率上升0.31%。”这一结论来自2012年6月，南开大学国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室、中国环境科学研究院大气环境研究所专家发布的论文。

"PM2.5 concentrations increased every 10 micrograms/stere,Our country residents daily mortality increased by 0.31%."The conclusion from June 2012,Nankai university state environmental protection city air particulate pollution control key laboratory/China environmental science research institute of atmospheric environment experts release paper.

　　中国青年报记者查询获悉，该论文综合了国内外2002年—2008年间的流行病文献，得出我国居民呼吸系统疾病每日死亡率上升1.00%，心血管系统疾病每日死亡率上升0.50%。

The China youth daily reporter inquires the learned,The paper integrated both at home and abroad in 2002-2008 epidemic literature,Draw of our country residents respiratory disease in daily mortality increased by 1.00%,The cardiovascular system diseases in daily mortality increased by 0.50%.

　　王五一指出，儿童在大气污染面前，可能更脆弱。“因为孩子是在长身体的阶段。如果他受到环境污染物的暴露，可能会影响健康，潜在的持续危害会比较大。”

WangWu a pointed out that,Children in front of atmospheric pollution,May be more vulnerable."Because the child is in long body stage.If he was environmental pollutant exposed,May affect health,The potential for harm will be bigger."

　　

公众担心并非杞人忧天 专家呼吁积极应对 The public worry not fike experts called for coping with

　　目前，由于没有明确的衡量标准，不少教师只能靠肉眼猜测，自行判断是否让学生进行户外活动。不少教师们建议出台“雾霾停止户外运动标准”。

At present,Since there is no specific measures,Many teachers can only rely on speculation to the naked eye,To determine whether to let the students doing outdoor activities.Many teachers advice issued"Fog haze stop outdoor sports standard".

　　这究竟是否合理？有专家认为“多此一举”，“因为毕竟已有一些单项污染物指标”，并认为媒体舆论存在夸大嫌疑。

Whether it is reasonable?Some experts think the"Carry coals to Newcastle","Because after all have some single pollutant index",And think that the media public opinion is puffy suspicion.

　　但中国科学院生态研究中心王效科研究员认为，公众的担忧是正常的：“毕竟空气质量差对人体还是有一定的危害，不能老叫大家被动地接受，被动地适应这种环境。”

But the Chinese academy of sciences ecological research center WangXiaoKe researchers think,Public concern is normal:"After all air quality difference on human still have certain harm,Can't ask everyone to passively accept,Passively adapt to the environment."

　　另一方面，王晶晶认为公众的担忧有着积极的作用。“公众越来越在乎空气质量，这最终也推动了去年国家在修订空气质量标准时，把原来没有纳入到公开和发布范围之内的PM2.5纳入进来。这是非常大的进步。”

On the other hand,WangJingJing think public concern has a positive effect."The public more and more care about air quality,This final but also promote the country last year in the revised air quality standards,The original no into public and publish scope of PM2.5 inclusion.This is a very great progress."

　　北京大学环境学院教授邵敏表示，在经济高速增长的过程中解决空气颗粒物污染问题，在全世界都少有先例。“因此，未来几年雾霾天气的存在很难避免。”

Beijing university professor environment ShaoMin said,In the high-speed economic growth in the process of solving the air particles pollution problem,In the whole world rare precedent."therefore,The next few years fog haze weather it is difficult to avoid the existence of."

　　尽管如此，王效科认为，还是应该积极寻求解决办法，从源头上减少污染来源。“观测表明，很多城市的空气污染物大多来自建设工地和交通，因此，在建设工地洒水和进行交通减排，也能减少城市部分区域的颗粒物来源。”

Even so,WangXiaoKe think,Or should actively seek the solutions,From the source to reduce pollution source."Observation shows that,A lot of urban air pollutants mostly from construction site and traffic,therefore,In the construction site sprinkler and traffic emission reduction,Can also reduce the urban area of particulate sources."

　　王晶晶认为，相关的政府部门应该担负起更多的责任。“气象监测部门、环保组织有必要去与教育部门、卫生局协作，把预警信息传递到学校，在灰霾污染天气，不让孩子受到有毒气体的伤害。”

WangJingJing think,Relevant government departments should be of more responsibilities."Meteorological monitoring department/The environmental group is necessary to go to and education department/Health cooperation,The early warning information transfer to the school,In the gray haze pollution weather,Don't let children are poisonous gas damage."

　　

怎样把空气质量指数送到大家眼前？ How to put air quality index to everybody eyes?

　　政府和环保NGO越来越重视雾霾对居民健康和生活的危害。“这符合国际转变趋势，环保工作重点从控制污染物排放转向环境质量管理。”王晶晶说。

The government and the environmental NGO pay more and more attention to fog haze on the residents' health and the harm of life."This conforms to the international trend of change,Environmental protection work focus from control pollutant discharge to environmental quality management."WangJingJing said.

　　今年1月，北京设立了首个PM2.5监测点，到9月底，监测点已增加到35个。按照《空气质量新标准第一阶段监测实施方案》要求，到12月底前，要按空气质量新标准要求开展监测并发布数据，范围覆盖74个城市、496个点位，主要包含了二氧化硫、二氧化氮、PM10、PM2.5、臭氧和一氧化碳等6项监测指标。

In January,Beijing has set up the first PM2.5 monitoring point,Until the end of September,Monitoring stations has increased to 35.According to the[Air quality new standard first stage monitoring implementation plan]requirements,To before the end of December,According to air quality new standard requirement to carry out monitoring and release data,Range covering 74 cities/496 points,Mainly contains the sulfur dioxide/Nitrogen dioxide/PM10 readings - which were taken/PM2.5/Ozone and carbon monoxide, etc six monitoring index.

　　“但仅仅发布信息是不够的，大部分公众还是不了解这些数据。花费大笔资金测算出来的数据，却因为传达不到位，没有得到有效利用。”王晶晶说。

"But only release information is not enough,Most of the public or don't understand these data.Spend a large sum of money out of the measuring data,But because communication does not reach the designated position,Don't get effective utilization."WangJingJing said.

　　她举例，除了广东、上海将空气质量信息结合地图，并以颜色区分质量等级外，其他城市基本仅是以文字或表格等枯燥、复杂的形式公布数据，降低了传播效率。有的城市只在相关官方网站上发布，缺乏多途径传播。

She, for example,In addition to guangdong/Shanghai will air quality information combined with map,With color divisional the quality level,Other cities are just basic text or form and boring/The form of complex published data,Reduce the transmission efficiency.Some cities in the relevant official website only release,Lack of multi-channel communication.

　　王五一和北京大学环境学院张远航教授在受访时，均向中国青年报记者表示，环保部和一些地方的环保部门已经在着手推动这方面的工作。

WangWu a and Beijing university professor of college of environmental ZhangYuanHang when in,All to the China youth daily reporters,She and other local environmental protection department had begun to promote the work.

　　为了提高传播效率，不少民间组织和个人也在“开动脑筋”。在网上有一款名叫“我的空气”的软件，可以显示全国各地的二氧化硫、二氧化氮、PM2.5等数据的公布情况。

In order to improve the transmission efficiency,Many folk organizations and individuals are also"Use your head".On the Internet there was a new name"My air"software,Can display of sulfur dioxide across the country/Nitrogen dioxide/PM2.5, data released situation.

　　“其实大家可以把这样的软件下载到手机里面，实时关注空气质量情况。根据空气质量的情况，你可以决定今天的出行安排，要不要在外面做运动，出行时要不要采取戴口罩等措施。”王晶晶说。

"In fact you can put such software downloaded to mobile phone inside,Real-time pay attention to air quality.According to the situation of air quality,You can decide today's travel arrangement,Want to outside doing sports,When you travel don't take such measures as wearing a mask."WangJingJing said.

　　“我们也建议各地政府努力提高空气污染信息发布水平，尽快落实污染天气应急计划的制定和实施；科研机构也要利用公开的数据开展更多研究，进行防治，多管齐下对雾霾天气进行标本兼治。”王晶晶说。(实习生 陶旺波 本报记者 庄庆鸿)

"We also suggested that the local government efforts to improve the level of air pollution information release,Carry out as soon as possible pollution weather emergency plan and implementation;Research institutions also want to use public data more research,For prevention and treatment,Multi-pronged of fog haze weather for the specimen."WangJingJing said.(Interns TaoWang wave our reporter ZhuangQingHong)