据《劳动报》报道，莫言获得诺贝尔奖文学奖后，自曝了一段当年自己“伪造学历”的故事。

According to[LaoDongBao]reports,Mo yan won a Nobel Prize after prize for literature,That's a section of yourself"Forged degree"story.

　　“文革”粉碎了莫言的中学梦，但他还是在夜晚油灯下和下雨天不出工的时候读了一些闲书。1973年，他进县棉花厂当合同工，进厂登记时，谎报了学历，说自己是初中一年级，但很快被邻村的小伙子揭穿，弄得他抬不起头来。不过，由于叔叔在厂里当主管会计，安排莫言当了司磅员，在不知底细的人心里，他也是个小知识分子了。

"Cultural revolution"Shattered the mo yan of middle school dream,But he still at night under the lamp and rainy day when not needed to read some light reading.In 1973,,He goes into the county cotton factory when contract,Into factory registration,Lied about degree,Said he is the junior middle school freshman class,But soon was further than the guy puncture,Get him lift head.but,Because uncle in the factory when the competent accounting,Arrange the mo yan when company pounds member,In out of the question in his heart,He is also a small the intellectuals.

　　1976年，莫言终于当了兵，填表时他大着胆子把学历填成了初中二年级。到了部队后，发现很多“高中毕业”的战友，连封家信都不会写，于是，在填写入团志愿表格时，他就把自己的学历提升到了高中一年级。

In 1976,,Mo yan finally became a soldier,When filling out a form his courage to fill in a junior middle school second grade.After the forces,Found a lot of"Graduated from high school"comrades,Even the seal cannot write letters from home,so,Fill in volunteer league form,He gave his educational background promoted grade one of high school.

　　以后所有的表格，他都这么填了，虽然再也没人揭穿他，但每每有人问及，他的心总是怦怦乱跳、七上八下。直到他从解放军艺术学院文学系毕业，得了大专学历，才解决问题。

After all of the form,He is so filled,Although nobody expose him,But when someone asked,His heart is always throb/an unsettled state of mind.Until he graduated from the people's liberation army academy of art department of literature,Have college degree,To solve the problem.

　　莫言当初所为是在那个特殊年代的迫不得已之举，听后令人捧腹，更令人心酸。其实读者买莫言的作品，没有人是冲着他的学历去的，所以莫言的这段故事，大家也就当笑话听，并没有受骗上当的感觉。

Mo yan is what had in that special s being forced to move,Listen to a belly,More makes a sad.In fact the reader to buy mo yan's works,No man is at his degree to go,So mo yan of this story,And, they will be when a joke to listen to,And not deceived feeling.

　　有人问：假设莫言以后没有当专业作家，一直在那家工厂工作，万一工厂以欺诈订立劳动合同为由，解除他的劳动合同该怎么认定呢？因为现实用工中，这样的争议确实存在，如何认定颇有争议。

Someone asked:Hypothesis mo yan later have no when professional writers,Has been working in the factory,One thousand factories to conclude a labor contract fraud grounds,Terminate his employment contract that how?Because the reality of labor,Such dispute exists,How to determine the controversial.

　　

特别策划：莫言 狠狠的给了中国教育“一巴掌” Special planning:Mo yan mercilessly to the Chinese education"A slap in the face"

　　

2012年诺贝尔文学奖授予中国作家莫言，莫言成为有史以来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国籍作家。于是，红高粱红了、股票反弹了、“莫言牌”烧鸡上市了、房产开始打广告了、慈善家标哥承诺送房了、大街小巷到处充斥着“丰乳肥臀”……只有，“教育”无言以对，沉默不语，因为正是“教育”的失败成就了中国诺奖第一人，终结了国人对诺奖的神化…[ The 2012 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to the Chinese writer, mo yan,Mo yan become the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize in literature.so,Red sorghum red/Stock rebound the/"Mo yan brand"Roast chicken on the market/Real estate started playing advertisement/Philanthropist mark elder brother promised to send the room/The streets were full"Abundant breast fat buttock"……only,"education"have,silence,For it is the"education"The failure of the achievements of China's first prize,From the end of the Nobel's apotheosis…[详细 detailed]

]

　　考量因素一：用人单位对学历有无特定要求 Considerations a:Unit of choose and employ persons to degree for special requirements

　　【案例A】徐某于2007年3月6日到北京某网络技术公司担任人力资源总监。徐某的《应聘人员登记表》中教育背景一栏中填写的是“05今北京大学MBA硕士”。公司在徐某入职后不久即发现其虚报学历。同年5月28日，公司通知徐某解除劳动合同，原因是在试用期内发现其学习经历不属实，工作能力差，不符合录用条件。

[Case A]XuMou on March 6, 2007 to Beijing some network technology company as a human resource director.XuMou of[Apply for personnel registration form]Education background in a bar in this is"The MBA in Beijing university".Company in XuMou induction shortly after the found false degree.In the same year on May 28,,The company notice XuMou remove labor contract,The reason is in the probation find their learning experience not true,Working ability difference,Not accord with employ condition.

　　徐某提起劳动仲裁，北京海淀区劳动争议仲裁委裁决公司支付徐某经济补偿金6000元及额外经济补偿金3000元。公司不服提起诉讼，徐某提交北京大学公共经济管理研究中心入学通知书（2006年4月）一份，内容主要为徐某经审核被录取为北京大学企业管理高级研修班学员并要求徐某于2006年4月前报到。

XuMou mention labor arbitration,Beijing haidian district Labour dispute ZhongCaiWei award XuMou pay economic compensation of $6000 and $3000 additional economic compensation.The company leads to a lawsuit,XuMou submitted to Beijing university public economy management research center letter of admission(In April 2006)a,Mainly for XuMou audited were admitted to Beijing university students and senior training of enterprise management XuMou requirements in April 2006 report before.

　　一审法院认为，公司虽主张徐某不符合录用条件，但未提供该岗位具体的录用条件，故法院对其主张不予采信，认定该公司以此为由与徐某解除劳动关系依据不足，公司应支付徐某经济补偿金6000元及额外经济补偿金3000元。公司上诉至北京第一中级人民法院。

Court of first instance think,Although the company claims XuMou not accord with employ condition,But fails to provide the post specific employ condition,The court on its position will not be admitted,That the company to XuMou grounds and the cancellation of labor relationship based on insufficient,The company should pay economic compensation of $6000 and XuMou additional economic compensation equal to 3000 yuan.The company appeal to the Beijing first intermediate people's court.

　　二审期间，徐某表示该研修班截至2007年3月，颁发了结业证书。二审判决认为，虽然徐某并非北京大学MBA硕士，但公司并未提供证据表明其在徐某入职前曾对徐某的学历有特定的要求，而学历与能力并不能等同，公司在徐某入职前亦对其进行了面试，现以徐某虚报学历为由提出解除劳动关系缺乏正当性。二审判决驳回上诉，维持原判。

During the trial of second instance,XuMou said the us by March 2007,Issued certificates of completion of studies.Trial of second instance verdict think,Although XuMou not Beijing university MBA,But the company does not provide evidence that the XuMou into preservice had told XuMou degree have specific requirements,And the record of formal schooling and ability and cannot be equal,Company in XuMou into preservice also analyses the interview,Now is XuMou false degree is put forward for the cancellation of labor relationship lack legitimacy.Trial of second instance verdict reject an appeal,ruling.

　　《劳动合同法》规定：采取欺诈、威胁等手段订立的劳动合同，为无效合同。无效的劳动合同，从订立的时候起，就没有法律约束力，用人单位可以解除劳动合同。所谓“欺诈”是指一方当事人故意告知对方当事人虚假的情况，或者故意隐瞒真实的情况，诱使对方当事人作出错误意思表示的行为。但是欺诈应具备两个构成要件：（1）故意告知对方虚假情况，或者故意隐瞒真实情况；（2）诱使对方当事人做出了错误意思表示。可见员工在订立劳动合同时未如实披露信息并不必然构成欺诈。只有当劳动者故意隐瞒自己的学历、工作经历等信息，对公司录用有重大影响，进而作出录用该劳动者的行为，才构成劳动者对用人单位的欺诈行为，由此签订的劳动合同应属于无效。

[Labor contract law]provisions:Take fraud/Threat, and other means the labor contracts concluded,As invalid contract.Invalid labor contract,From the time they are concluded up,There is no legal binding force,Unit of choose and employ persons may terminate the labor contract.The so-called"fraud"Refers to a party intentionally inform the other party of the false,Or intentionally hide the real situation,Induces the other party make wrong meaning said behavior.But fraud should have two components:(1)To notify the other party intentionally false situation,Or intentionally conceals the truth;(2)Induces the other party made the wrong meaning said.Visible employees in conclude when labor contract not to disclose information does not necessarily constitute a fraud.Only when the laborer intentionally hide his educational background/The information such as work experience,The company has great influence on employment,Then make the hire the workers' behavior,Just form to unit of choose and employ persons, laborer fraud,This sign labor contract should belong to the invalid.

　　徐某的《应聘人员登记表》中确实有不真实的信息，但是这些信息会不会在对公司的录用产生决定性影响呢？劳动争议仲裁庭和法院会根据具体案情做出合理判断。但是如果用人单位有证据表明对劳动者应聘岗位的学历有特定的要求，而劳动者提供了虚假信息，将有助于劳动合同无效认定。所以用人单位在招聘广告或录用条件中，要尽量写明招聘岗位的学历要求。

XuMou of[Apply for personnel registration form]It did have a false information,But these information will not to offer decisively influence it?Labor dispute arbitration tribunal and the courts will according to the specific details of a case to make a reasonable judgment.But if there is evidence that unit of choose and employ persons to laborer applies for post education have specific requirements,And laborer provided false information,That will help a labor contract shall be invalid.So the employing units in the recruitment advertising or employment conditions,As far as possible to the recruitment position of required education.

　　北京市第一中级人民法院民一庭黄彩相法官认为：“应当明确学历是用人单位判断劳动者是否能够符合特定岗位要求并决定录用员工的重要参考因素，但不是唯一的因素。用人单位对员工的学历若有特定的要求，应当在录用员工期间明确要求员工提供并作力所能及的审验。”

The Beijing first intermediate people's court people a HuangCaiXiang court judge think:"Should clear record of formal schooling is unit of choose and employ persons, laborer can judge whether to meet a certain requirement and decided to hire staff's important reference factors,But it is not the only factor.Unit of choose and employ persons on the staff education if there is a specific requirements,B.what shall be in during clear requirements and can provide staff approval."

　　考量因素二：员工提供虚假信息情节是否严重 Considerations two:Providing false information whether if the circumstances are serious

　　【案例B】唐某于2002年应聘进入上海冠龙阀门机械有限公司工作。根据招聘要求，唐某入职时向公司提交了其毕业于西安工业学院材料工程系的学历证明，并与公司签订了期限为2002年3月1日至同年12月31日的劳动合同。此后双方每年续签一份期限为一年的劳动合同。

[Case B]Tang one in 2002 to apply for entry into Shanghai corythosaurus valve machinery co., LTD. Work.According to the job requirement,Tang one appointment submit to the company when the YuXiAn graduate institute of industrial materials engineering education certificate,And with the company signed a deadline is March 1, 2002 to December 31, labor contract.Then both sides renew a year for a period of one year, labor contract.

　　2007年12月，唐某签署《任职承诺书》一份，内容为：“本人作为上海冠龙阀门机械有限公司之员工，特作如下承诺：……本人以往提供给公司的个人材料均是真实有效的，如有做假，愿意无条件被解除合同……”

In December of 2007,Tang signed a[Confirmation of work]a,Content for the:"I am as Shanghai corythosaurus valve machinery co., LTD. Of the employees,The following special commitment:……I ever provided to the company's personal materials is valid,If you have make false,Willing to be unconditionally terminate the contract……"

　　2008年8月唐某的主管领导马某(华东业务部经理)通过他人举报得知并证实唐某存在学历造假一事。2008年12月23日，双方续签劳动合同，约定合同期限至2011年12月31日。2010年7月，冠龙公司以唐某求职时学历造假存在欺诈行为为由，与唐某解除劳动关系。唐某不服，认为公司借机与其解除劳动关系，要求冠龙公司支付其违法解除劳动合同赔偿金。公司则要求唐某返还工作期间暂支款5万余元等。

In August 2008, tang a competent leadership ma mou(East China the new manager of the sales department)Through other people know that a report and tang exist in the fraud.On December 23, 2008,Both sides renewed labor contract,Agreed the terms of the contract to December 31, 2011.In July 2010,Crown dragon company to don a job searching degree fraud exists for fraud,And a tang dynasty for the cancellation of labor relationship.Tang dynasty is not a,Think the company looking to terminate labor relation,Requirements crown dragon company pay for their illegal remove labor contract damages.The company requires a return tang during temporary pay more than 50000 yuan, etc.

　　双方分别向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁，仲裁委员会裁决冠龙公司支付唐某违法解除劳动合同赔偿金。冠龙公司不服裁决，提起诉讼。一审法院判决支持唐某，冠龙公司仍不服，上诉上海市二中院。二审法院判决唐某构成欺诈，用人单位可解除合同。

Both sides respectively to the Labour dispute arbitration committee for arbitration,Arbitration commission ruling crown dragon company pay tang some illegal remove labor contract damages.Crown not dragon company award,A lawsuit.Court of first instance decision support a tang dynasty,Crown dragon is still not satisfied with the company,Shanghai ErZhongYuan appeal.Trial of second instance court don a constitute fraud,Unit of choose and employ persons may terminate the contract.

　　案例A中公司在法庭上，仅能提供徐某填写的《应聘人员登记表》证明他有虚假陈述，而案例B中，公司不仅提供唐某填写的《任职承诺书》，而且还证明他在入职时向公司提交了其毕业于西安工业学院材料工程系的学历证明，由此可见，唐某造假的在情节上更为严重。

In case A company in court,Can only provide the XuMou fill in[Apply for personnel registration form]Prove he has false statement,And in case B,The company not only provides a fill in the tang dynasty[Confirmation of work],But also proved that he is in the appointment to the company submitted to the graduation YuXiAn institute of industrial materials engineering education certificate,Thus it can be seen,Tang a false in the plot is more serious.

　　徐某将就读北京大学MBA陈述为硕士毕业，属于故意夸大事实，确属不当行为，而唐某从来没有在西安工业学院就读，说自己西安工业学院纯属欺诈，两案中当事人造假的性质不一样。另外，案例A中公司显然未尽审核义务而相信劳动者的自我陈述，本身亦有未尽职的地方。而案例B中公司对于唐某提供的学历证明进行了初步审核，以后经人举报才知上当受骗。

XuMou will attend the Beijing university MBA statement for master's degree,Belong to deliberately exaggerated facts,It is improper behavior,And tang one had never been in xian industrial institute,Said he xian institute of industrial pure fraud,The two parties in the case of fraud nature is not the same.In addition,In case A company was obviously not do audit obligation and believe that laborer ego state,Itself also have undutiful place.And in case B company to provide proof of a tang dynasty in the preliminary examination,The man known until after the report deceived.

　　上海市第二中级人民法院民三庭审判长乔蓓华认为，案例B审理时，唐某对该《员工手册》的真实性并无异议。唐某提供虚假学历的行为亦系冠龙公司规章制度严令禁止的，冠龙公司依据企业的规章制度与唐某解除劳动合同，系其依法行使管理权的体现，并无不可。同时，唐某于2007年签署的任职承诺书是唐某与冠龙公司基于诚信原则的约定，唐某对于违反约定义务的结果应是清楚的。双方的约定未违反法律规定，是合法有效的。故从任职承诺来看，冠龙公司在查知唐某伪造学历后，基于唐某之承诺而解除合同是有依据的。

Shanghai second intermediate people's court three people court presiding judge QiaoBeiHua think,Case B when hearing,Tang one of the[Employee handbook]The authenticity and no objection.Tang one provides any false record of formal schooling behavior also system crown dragon company rules and regulations adjuration prohibited,Crown dragon company according to the rules and regulations of the enterprise and tang one remove labor contract,Is the embodiment of the exercise of power according to law,And no not.At the same time,Tang one in 2007 signed confirmation of work is a tang dynasty and crown dragon company based on the agreement of the principle of good faith,Tang one for violation of the obligations agreed upon the results should be clear.The agreement of both parties not in violation of the provisions of laws,Is lawful and valid.From the work commitments,Crown dragon company in found that tang a fake after degree,Based on the tang a commitment and terminate the contract is based on.

　　考量因素三：签约时用人单位是否知晓其造假 Considerations three:The time of the conclusion of the whether unit of choose and employ persons know its fraud

　　案例B中，唐某在入职时提供虚假学历并做虚假陈述的行为显然已经构成了欺诈。但对唐某于2008年12月底与冠龙公司续签劳动合同时是否构成欺诈存有争议，关键在于认定续签劳动合同时冠龙公司是否知晓唐某学历造假一事并做出了错误的意思表示。

Case B,Tang one on the job provides false degree and make false statements behavior have apparently constitute the fraud.But to don a in 2008 at the end of December and crown dragon company renewed when labor contract is a fraud controversial,The key lies in that renewed when labor contract crown dragon company whether know don a degree in the fraud and made the wrong meaning said.

　　一审法院认为，2008年12月，在马某知晓唐某提供虚假学历的情况下，冠龙公司仍然作出与其续签劳动合同的决定，表明冠龙公司已经知晓唐某学历造假仍继续予以聘用，即不予追究唐某提供虚假学历的行为。

Court of first instance think,In December of 2008,In ma mou know don a provide false degree cases,Crown dragon company still making and its renewed labor contract decision,Show that crown dragon company has a record of formal schooling that tang fraud still continue to be employed,That is not a shall be investigated for tang provide false record of formal schooling behavior.

　　但是二审法院经审理认为，冠龙公司提供的马某的书面证言、调令等证据证明，马某因工作调动未将唐茂林学历造假之事上报公司，亦未对此事作出处理，且冠龙公司与唐某续签劳动合同之前，马某确实已调任他处。同时，唐某在2009年填写的人事资料卡“教育程度”一栏仍填写为西安工业学院材料工程系。综合以上情况，可认定唐某对其入职时提供虚假学历一事一直采取隐瞒的态度，故唐某在2008年12月续签劳动合同时仍然构成欺诈。故冠龙公司与唐某解除劳动合同有法律依据，不应支付违法解除劳动合同赔偿金。

But by the second instance court trial think,Crown dragon company provides the ma mou written testimony/Posting and evidence,Ma mou because of working to mobilize not will TangMaoLin degree of false report to the company,Also not the matter dealt with,And crown dragon company and a renewed labor contract before tang dynasty,Ma mou really already transfer elsewhere.At the same time,Tang one in 2009 to fill in personnel card"Education degree"A bar is still fill in for xian institute of industrial department of materials engineering.Comprehensive above circumstance,As to the tang dynasty can be a appointment with the false degree has been taken to hide attitude,So a tang in December 2008 when labor contract renewal still constitute a fraud.The crown dragon company and tang one remove labor contract has a legal basis,Should not pay for illegal remove labor contract damages.

　　同样的道理，假设莫言以后没有当专业作家，一直在那家工厂工作，现在工厂还能以欺诈订立劳动合同为由，解除他的劳动合同吗？笔者认为答案应该也是否定的。因为莫言的假学历早已被邻村的小伙子揭穿，就是说厂里已经知道了他的学历造假，但是没有进行追究，那么过后就不能再说人家是欺诈了。

In the same way,Hypothesis mo yan later have no when professional writers,Has been working in the factory,Now the factory also able to conclude a labor contract fraud grounds,Relieved of his labor contract?The author thinks that the answer should be negative.Because of the mo yan fake diplomas have been further than the guy puncture,Is the factory already know his degree fraud,But did not take action,So after they cannot say the somebody else is a fraud.