9月5日，国际学生在伦敦参加示威游行，抗议英国政府潜在的驱逐海外留学生政策。

On September 5,,International students in London to participate in the demonstration,Protest against the British government potential out overseas students policy.

　　CFP供图

CFP for map

　　11月13日这天，在伦敦的中国留学生刘琦（化名）终于长舒一口气。通过层层考核，她接到了英国一家著名奢侈品电商中文编辑岗位的聘用通知，在英国大半年的“坎坷”求职之路终于告一段落。税前2.5万英镑的年薪，让终于能够经济独立的她觉得比较满意。

On November 13th day,In London LiuQi Chinese students(alias)Finally was relieved.Through the layers of assessment,She received a British famous luxury electric ShangZhongWen edit post employment notice,In Britain the redeemed"bumpy"Job road finally come to an end.Annual salary of $25000 before tax,Let was finally able to economic independent she felt quite satisfied.

　　虽然求职过程艰难，刘琦却仍算是在英中国留学生中的“幸运儿”。毕竟，她最终如愿找到了一份与所学专业相关且比较“体面”的工作；其次，她是拿到最后一届“英国大学毕业生工作签证” （Post-study-work VISA，以下简称PSW签证）的中国留学生中的一个。

Although job difficult process,LiuQi is still in the Chinese students in"lucky".After all,She finally found a wish with major related and comparison"decent"work;secondly,She is the final session"British university graduates work visa" (Post - study - work VISA,Hereinafter referred to as the PSW visa)One of the Chinese students.

中国留学生在英就业难 Chinese students in the English difficult employment

　　刘琦2010年夏天从国内一所财经类院校毕业，学过新闻学和经济学，赴英留学一年后拿到了口笔译硕士学位，并获评“优秀毕业生”。临近毕业时，她很轻松地在英国找到两份兼职的口译工作，这让她觉得英国的就业前景还比较乐观。于是，在完成学业短暂回国后，她又申请了“PSW签证”，准备回英国求职。她当时的想法是，在英国工作，一方面可以积攒一些海外工作经历，另一方面，如果能顺利工作满5年，就能拿到英国的永久居留权。可是，当她今年4月回到伦敦时，发现整个就业环境变得“非常不景气”。

LiuQi summer of 2010 from a domestic financial and economics college graduate,Studied journalism and economics,Travel to the UK to study abroad a year later got the mouth translation master's degree,And HuoPing"Outstanding graduates".Upon graduation,She is very easily in the UK find two part-time interpretation work,It made her feel that the employment outlook is still relatively optimistic.so,In the finish school short after returning home,She was applied for"PSW visa",Prepared to go back to England to apply for a job.She was thinking is,To work in the UK,On the one hand we can accumulate some overseas working experience,On the other hand,If you can work smoothly with 5 years,Can get Britain's permanent residence.but,When she in April this year return to London,Find the whole employment environment become"Was very bad".

　　在接下来的半年里，除了偶尔做一两份兼职工作之外，她每天必修的“功课”就是上网寻找招聘信息，但投出的简历大多都石沉大海。

In the next six months,In addition to occasionally do a part-time job outside,Every day she required"homework"Is the Internet looking for recruitment information,But threw resume mostly disappear forever.

　　事实上，截至2012年8月，英国本国人的未就业率达7.9%，这让很多英国年轻人也深感压力。刘琦说：“连伦敦本地的朋友也颇为夸张地抱怨说，投1000份简历，能收到一个回应就不错了。”

In fact,By August 2012,British domestic people not employment rate reaches 7.9%,It makes a lot of British young people also feel pressure.LiuQi said:"Even the London local friends rather exaggeration to complain,In 1000 resumes,To receive a response is good."

　　本国人求职尚且如此困难，非欧盟国家的留学生在英国面临的就业形势，更为严峻。

Its people have so difficult to apply for a job,Non-eu students in England face employment situation,More severe.

　　刘琦说，英国就业市场提供的职位，分为“永久性”和“合同制”两种，其中“永久性”职位占多数。而非欧盟国家留学生持有的“PSW签证”，只允许签证持有者在英工作两年，因此，很多“永久性”职位的雇主都不愿意将岗位提供给手持“PSW签证”的留学生。即便是属于“合同制”的很多岗位，也只有在证明英国人和欧盟国家的人无法胜任时，才会提供给非欧盟国家的人。

LiuQi said,British employment market with position,Divided into"permanent"and"contract"Two kinds of,the"permanent"Position majority.Rather than the eu countries held by the students"PSW visa",The visa holder only allowed in the work for two years,therefore,A lot of"permanent"Position of employers are not willing to post to provide hand"PSW visa"students.Even if it is to belong to"contract"A lot of post,Only in the proof of the British and European Union countries when can't do,Will provide non-eu countries.

　　因此，非欧盟国家的留学生，毕业后要在英国找到一份工作并不容易，要找到一份与自己所学专业相关的工作，就更难了。

therefore,Non-eu students,In Britain after graduation to find a job is not easy,To find a with their major related work,Harder for a.

　　刘琦说，她身边的很多中国留学生，都在一些零售店担任售货员和导购。“中国游客越来越多，一些商店需要会说中文的店员。这种工作的平均年薪税后大约为1.5万至1.6万英镑，其实也够养活自己。”即使这样，刘琦本人还是不愿意去从事导购这类工作，她不想自己的专业知识被浪费。

LiuQi said,Many Chinese students around her,All in some retail as a shop assistant and promotions specialist."More and more Chinese tourists,Some stores need will say Chinese clerk.This kind of work the average salary after tax is about 15000 to 16000 pounds,In fact also enough to feed themselves."Even so,LiuQi I still don't want to go shopping guide is engaged in this kind of work,She doesn't want to own professional knowledge be wasted.

就业大门“只剩一条窄缝” Employment gate"There are only a narrow seam"

　　现在，对于刘琦的学弟学妹来说，“毕业后要不要申请PSW在英国当售货员”，已经不再是需要纠结的问题了。

now,For the students LiuQi lower classwoman speaking,"After the graduation to don't apply PSW salesgirl in Britain",Is no longer need swirly problem.

　　今年4月，英国“PSW签证”正式取消。这项签证曾经允许获本科以上学位的国际学生毕业后留英两年寻找工作。如今，国际学生若想在毕业后留英工作，只能通过获得“T2签证”或“毕业生创业者签证”这两个途径来实现。

In April this year,British"PSW visa"Officially cancel.This visa allows once won a bachelor's degree international students after graduation leave both years looking for work.now,International students after graduation to leave the work,Can only by obtaining"T2 visa"or"Graduates entrepreneurs visa"The two channels to achieve.

　　但是，“T2签证”要求申请人必须于毕业后半年内在英国找到一份年薪两万英镑的工作，且这份工作必须是由英国边境管理署认可的担保机构提供的。可是，一些潜在雇主因为并不清楚具体条款和规则，对此持谨慎态度。

but,"T2 visa"Request the applicant must be in later graduated from inner British find a £ twenty thousand m work,And the job must be approved by the British border administration guarantee agencies provide.but,Some potential employers because do not know the specific terms and rules,This cautious attitude.

　　而“ 毕业生创业者签证”每年只有1000个名额，申请者需要投资5万英镑作为创业资金，并得到校方推荐。该签证申请只批准一年，如果企业运营成功且校方对成果满意，才可再续签。

and" Graduates entrepreneurs visa"Every year there are only 1000 tickets,Applicants need to invest 50000 pounds for venture capital,And get the school recommend.This visa application only approved a year,If the enterprise operation success and satisfaction to the results,Can only to renew.

　　如此高门槛，让非欧盟国家的留学生留英工作的机会变得更加渺茫，如同大门已经关上，只剩下一条窄缝。刘琦觉得：“这样的政策很愚蠢。中国人工作很卖力，要求的薪酬也较低，现在却很难留在英国工作；相比之下，欧盟国家的人可以自由出入英国，但他们中的一些人并不工作，只享受英国的福利。”

Such a high threshold,Let not the eu countries foreign students leave the job opportunities became even more remote,As the door had been closed,Only a narrow seam.LiuQi think:"This policy is very stupid.Chinese people work hard,Requirements of the salary is low,Now it is difficult to work in the UK;Compared with,The European Union countries have the freedom of Britain,But some of them don't work,Just enjoy the welfare of the British."

紧缩移民政策受批评 Tightening immigration policy criticized

　　其实，PSW签证的取消，只是卡梅伦政府一系列移民紧缩政策的一部分。

In fact,The cancellation of the PSW visa,But Cameron government a series of immigration deflation policy part.

　　2010年，英国联合政府执政后曾承诺，到2015年，将“净移民”数量大幅削减到10万人。而当年英国的“净移民”数量为创历史最高水平的25.2万人。所谓“净移民”，是指入境超过一年的人数减去出境的人数。2011年，这一数据略微下降到21.6万人，但仍是目标值的两倍多。

In 2010,,British ruling coalition government after had promised,By 2015,will"Net immigration"Slash the number to 100000.When British"Net immigration"Quantity for highest level of 252000 people.The so-called"Net immigration",Refers to the number of entry for more than a year minus the number of exit.In 2011,,The data slightly decreased to 216000 people,But is still the target value more than twice.

　　英国以及欧盟国家的居民可以自由出入境，难民因受到人权法的保护也不受限制，因此，受紧缩的移民政策影响最大的，是非欧盟籍的技术工人和留学生，而这正是最有可能促进英国经济发展的群体。

Britain and the European Union countries residents can free entry and exit,Refugees by method of human rights protection is not restricted,therefore,The immigration policy tightening by the greatest impact,Is the European Union's technical workers and students,And this is what is most likely to promote British economic development group.

　　英国《经济学人》近日载文，抨击英国的移民紧缩政策“得不偿失”。文章认为，政府设定的“净移民”目标并不现实，如果达不到目标，只会让民众变得更愤怒。在保守党政策下，两年以来，学生、外籍工作者及其家庭成员很难在英国定居，这不仅会使英国在人才市场上不占优势，还可能丧失长远的经济竞争力。

British[economist]Recently papers,Immigrants to the UK against deflation policy"The loss outweights the gain".The article thinks that the,The government set"Net immigration"Goal is not reality,If can not reach the goal,Will only make people become more anger.In the conservative policy,Two years,students/Foreign workers and their family members is difficult to settle in Britain,This not only can make the British in the talent market is no longer competitive,May also lose long-term economic competitiveness.

　　英国是世界第二大高等教育输出国，仅次于美国。2010~2011年度，非欧盟国家的留学生仅支付的学费就高达30亿英镑，其中主要来源于新兴市场，如中国、印度和尼日利亚。八成学生在抵英5年内回国，这巩固了英国在全球网络中的地位。其他在英国停留更长时间的高级技术劳动力，则是一项宝贵的资源。另外，非欧盟学生还更倾向于获得研究生学位并学习理工科，这正是英国的新型技术企业所需要和依赖的人才。

Britain is the world's second largest exporter of higher education,Second only to the United States.2010 ~ 2011 year,Non-eu students only pay tuition is up to 3 billion pounds,The major from the emerging market,Such as China/India and Nigeria.Eighty percent of the students in the back over five years,This consolidate the British in the status of global network.Other stay in England longer senior technical labor,It is a valuable resource.In addition,Non-eu students were also more likely to obtain a graduate degree and learn science and engineering,This is what Britain's new technology enterprise needs and rely on talent.

　　紧缩的移民政策，也遭到社会各方的反对。今年5月，近70所英国大学的校长和理事会主席联名致函英国首相，要求将国际学生排除在移民统计之外，以使英国在国际高等教育领域保持领先地位。

Tight immigration policy,Was also social parties of the opposition.In may this year,Nearly 70 UK university President and board chairman joint letter to British prime minister,Request to international students out of the immigration outside statistics,In order to make the UK higher education field international maintain leading position.

　　作为回应，9月，英国大学与技能事务大臣戴维·威利茨明确承诺，英国政府将不会以减少合法的留学生的数量来实现“净移民”目标，英国国家统计署正在筹划以新的方式统计海外留学生数量。

In response,September,British university and skills affairs minister David Willie's commitment clear,The British government will not to reduce legal in the number of international students to achieve"Net immigration"target,The British national statistics agency is planning to new ways of statistics number of overseas students.

中国学生赴英留学热情不减 Chinese students to study in the passion flesh

　　《经济学人》还在文章中称，在政府政策的影响下，非欧盟国家留学生毕业后很难在英国工作，留学申请的积极性也因此降低，今年英国在全球范围内发放的留学签证数量比上年降低了21%。

[economist]Also in the article says,In under the influence of government policy,Non-eu students after graduation is hard to work in the UK,Applying for study abroad enthusiasm and therefore reduce,In this year's British worldwide study visa issued by the number was 21% lower than the previous year.

　　但是，英国驻华使领馆文化教育处相关负责人近日在接受中国青年报记者采访时称，签证政策的改变，对中国学生的影响并不大。

but,British embassies or consulates in cultural and education section of the relevant person in charge told reporters China youth daily said,Visa policy change,On the influence of Chinese students is not big.

　　留学机构“新东方前途出国”的相关负责人也称，他们经手办理的赴英留学申请并未减少。主要原因在于，大部分中国学生选择赴英留学，主要看重的是，英国院校含金量较高的课程及文凭，以及硕士课程相对较短的学制。根据回访反馈，由于中国国内经济形势较之国外更好，大多数往年赴英留学的中国学生已选择回国就业。所以，虽然PSW签证已经取消，但中国学生赴英留学的热情并未减退。

Study abroad institutions"New Oriental future go abroad"The relevant person in charge also called,They dealt with in the application of the study did not reduce.The main reason is that,Most Chinese students choose to study English,The main value is,British colleges and universities high gold content of course and diploma,And the master course a relatively short period of school system.According to pay a return visit feedback,Because of China's domestic economic situation better than abroad,Most of the previous years of study to the Chinese students have chosen to employment.so,Although the PSW visa has been cancelled,But Chinese students to study in the enthusiasm has not abated.

　　英国驻华使领馆文化教育处表示，中国学生的勤奋和努力一直备受英国学校的称许，中国学生使英国的校园及社区更具国际化和多元化。所以，英国一直欢迎优秀的中国学生。英国为国际学生提供了3000多个奖学金机会，如“志奋领奖学金”、“苏格兰兰十字奖学金”等，每年的奖学金和助学金等超过2.5亿英镑，中国学生均可申请。另外，针对两国在研究领域的合作，中英还共同推出了 “中英优秀青年学者奖学金”等。

British embassies or consulates in cultural and education section of said,Chinese students of hard work and effort has been praised by the British school of men,Chinese students make British schools and community more internationalization and diversification.so,Britain has always welcome excellent Chinese students.Britain provides international students more than 3000 scholarships opportunity,if"Chevening scholarship"/"Scotland blue cross scholarship", etc,Annual scholarships and grants, etc more than 250 million pounds,Chinese students are eligible to apply.In addition,According to the two countries in the research fields of cooperation,Sino-British also rolled out jointly "Sino-British outstanding young scholars scholarship", etc.

　　英国驻华使领馆文化教育处还建议赴英学习的中国留学生，在PSW取消后，在不影响学业的情况下，中国留学生可以多争取实习或兼职的机会，为毕业后的就业积攒经验。

British embassies or consulates in cultural and education section also suggested to the learning of Chinese students,After the PSW cancel,In does not affect the academic circumstances,Chinese students can strive for practice or part-time opportunities,For graduate employment accumulate experience.

　　本报北京11月16日电

Our newspaper Beijing on November 16