美国麻省理工学院： The Massachusetts institute of technology:

“创业生态系统”激励创新精神 "Venture ecological system"Incentive innovation spirit

　　美国麻省理工学院凭借其在高科技教学研究领域的顶尖水平，在全球享有盛誉。记者近日走访了解到，该校将创新和创业作为精神传统，数十年来构建了一套较为成熟的“孵化器”体系，从而推动大批高素质青年人才积极参与创新和创业。

The Massachusetts institute of technology with its in the high-tech teaching research in the field of top level,Luther &maelzer enjoys high reputation in worldwide.Recently, reporters visited to know,The school will innovation and entrepreneurial spirit as traditional,For decades constructs a set of more mature"incubator"system,So as to promote a large number of high-quality young talents actively participate in innovation and entrepreneurship.

提供创业教育 Provide entrepreneurial education

　　麻省理工学院的创新创业氛围浓厚，成效显著。据该校创业中心执行主任威廉·奥莱教授介绍，该校各级校友在美国创办了2万余家企业，每年收益总计超过2万亿美元，每年新办企业数百家。

Massachusetts institute of technology innovation atmosphere is strong,achievements.According to the school entrepreneurship center executive director William ole professor is introduced,The school alumni at all levels in the United States started more than 20000 enterprises,Every year income amounted to over 2 trillion dollars,Each year about new do QiYeShu.

　　奥莱分析说，创业精神深深植根于麻省理工学院，已成为该校传统的重要组成部分。这与该校倡导“利用所学对世界产生影响力”的精神一脉相通，从创新到创业成为诸多校友实现自我追求的重要实践。该校创业主要集中在以知识创新为基础的高新技术产业。相应的，该校创业教育也主要针对以高新技术为基础、具有高增长或国际化潜力的项目。聚焦科技创业使该校的创业支持系统有了凝聚力，也与该校技术大学的定位相符。

Ole analysis said,Entrepreneurial spirit deeply rooted in the Massachusetts institute of technology,The school has become an important part of the traditional.This and the school advocate"Use what they have learned to produce influence in the world"Spiritual kindred to,From the innovation to become entrepreneurial many alumni to realize self the pursuit of the important practice.The venture with focus on knowledge innovation as the foundation of the new and high technology industries.corresponding,The school entrepreneurship education also aimed at taking high-new technology as the foundation/With high growth or international potential of the project.Focusing on the technical innovation of the business support system have the cohesion,The school of the university of technology and location in.

　　过去半个世纪以来，麻省理工学院已逐渐发展出一套比较成熟的创新技术创业教育及孵化体系，并形象地将其命名为“创业生态系统”。

In the past half a century,The Massachusetts institute of technology has gradually developed a more mature innovation technology venture education and incubation system,And the image of the named it"Venture ecological system".

　　麻省理工学院管理层认为，从创新到创业的产学研转化过程主要包括7个阶段，即创意阶段、技术发展阶段、商业化计划阶段、企业计划阶段、形成企业阶段、早期成长阶段以及高速增长阶段。为迎合不同阶段的需求，该校先后建立了6个独立运行、有效互补的机构。

The Massachusetts institute of technology management thought,From the innovation to the combination of business transformation process mainly includes seven stage,Namely creative stage/Technology development stage/Commercial planning stage/Enterprise planning phase/Forms the enterprise stage/Early growth stage and high growth stage.In order to meet the needs of different stages,The school has established a six independent operation/Effective complementary mechanism.

　　创业中心面向全校学生提供创业教育。早在上世纪60年代，麻省理工学院就开设“新企业课程”，为高技术人才提供与创业相关的培训。上世纪90年代，该课程进一步发展为跨学院的创业教育项目。随着需求扣影响力不断扩大，1996年麻省理工学院创业中心正式成立，由校方提供固定办公地点。2011年，该中心接受马丁信托基金赞助及冠名，并进一步升级中心运作系统、扩大和更新办公区域。

Entrepreneurship center for the entire school students with entrepreneurial education.In the early 1960 s,The Massachusetts institute of technology is set up"The new enterprise course",For high technical talents and business to provide relevant training.In the 1990 s,This course for further development across the college venture education project.As demand continues to expand influence buckle,In 1996, the Massachusetts institute of technology entrepreneurship center formally established,By the school provide a fixed office location.In 2011,,The center to accept Martin trust fund sponsorship and named,And further upgrade center operation system/To expand and update the office area.

　　创业中心执行主任威廉·奥莱介绍，该中心目前挂靠在麻省理工学院颇具盛名的斯隆管理学院下，面向全校学生提供创业教育。除了由斯隆管理学院提供创业相关课程之外，创业中心还邀请多位知名企业家和成功校友举办讲座，为学生创业提供指导。

Entrepreneurship center executive director William ole is introduced,The center is affiliated at present at the Massachusetts institute of technology's Sloan school of management has the next,Facing the entire school students with entrepreneurial education.Except by the Sloan school of management to provide venture outside related courses,Entrepreneurship center also invited many famous entrepreneurs and successful alumni giving lectures,For the student venture provide guidance.

　　德什潘德技术创新中心提供创业资金支持。该技术创新中心创建于2002年，现有工作人员400余名，主要任务是推动学校各实验室中所产生的前沿技术扩大市场领域影响力，为有潜力的项目提供研究资金、创业启动资金和孵化支持。该中心将工作重心落在培育新兴技术的产学研一体化层面，主要涉及生化、生物医学、信息技术、新材料、能源创新等领域。

DE assorted pender technology innovation center to provide venture capital support.The technology innovation center was established in 2002,Existing staff more than 400,The main task is to promote the school laboratory produced in frontier technologies expand the market field influence,For potential project provides funding/Business startup capital and incubation support.This center will be the focus fell on the cultivation of emerging technology integrated level,Mainly involves biochemical/biomedical/Information technology/The new material/Energy innovation, etc.

　　除了资金支持外，该中心还推出“创业催化计划”，严格筛选出一批具备创新技术研发和创业经验的培训师，为校内高技术人才提供更有针对性的创业指导，并帮助创新技术与天使投资、风险投资等投资方接洽联络。

In addition to the financial support,The center is also introduced"Venture catalytic plan",Strictly selected a group of have the innovation technology research and development and entrepreneurial experience training division,For the high technology talent to provide a more targeted entrepreneurial guidance,And help innovation technology and angel investors/Risk investment and the investor contacting.

　　自创建以来，该中心已为90余个项目提供1100万美元资金，其中26个项目已发展成熟，进入实际商业运作层面，吸引共计超过3.5亿美元投资。

Since its creation,The center has more than 90 project provides $11 million,The 26 project has developed mature,To get the actual business operation level,Attracted a total of more than $350 million investment.

　　技术许可办公室提供知识产权相关服务。由于麻省理工学院学生创业主要集中在以知识创新为基础的高新技术产业，因此技术保护、专利申请、技术转让等至关重要。为此，学院专门成立技术许可办公室为学生创业提供服务。据该办公室提供的数据，2011财年该办公室共见证632项发明诞生，进行153项专利认证，发放79家企业许可证、110项商标许可证。

Technology license office provides intellectual property related services.Because MIT students venture with focus on knowledge innovation as the foundation of the new and high technology industries,So the technical protection/Patent application/Technology transfer is very important, etc.therefore,College set up a technology license office for students' venture to provide services.According to the data provided by the office,In fiscal year 2011 the office witness a total of 632 inventions was born,153 patents for authentication,Issue 79 enterprise licence/A 110 trademark license.

　　创业顾问服务中心为创业者提供咨询。该中心聘请“创业导师”义务为学生提供创业指导，内容主要集中在创业的实际操作层面。

Business consultant service center for entrepreneurs to provide consultation.The center employ"Venture tutor"Obligation to provide students with entrepreneurial guidance,The content mainly concentrated in the business of actual operation level.

　　勒梅尔森项目鼓励发明创造。学院管理层认为，发明是创新和创业的动力之源，因此，鼓励发明是推动学生创业的必要前提。目前，该项目设立的“勒梅尔森一麻省理工学院”大奖已成为该校最重要的发明大奖。

Le myerson project to encourage invention-creation.College management thought,Invention is innovation and entrepreneurship of the source of power,therefore,Encourage invention is the necessary premise to promote students' venture.At present,This project set up"Le myerson a Massachusetts institute of technology"The award has become the most important invention award.

　　莱加顿发展及创业中心关注与发展中国家合作。该中心成立于2007年，其主要任务是推动创新技术造福发展中国家或贫困国家及地区，包括为有潜力的项目提供启动资金、市场调研、前期研究、计划落实等方面的支持和指导；举办创业及投资全球论坛，吸引发展中国家、特别是新兴市场国家的企业家等前来参与；为有志于此的麻省理工学院学生、毕业生以及研究人员提供奖学金。

Rinaldo JiaDu development and entrepreneurship center attention and cooperation in developing countries.The centre was established in 2007,Its main task is to promote innovation technology benefit developing countries or poor countries and regions,Including for potential project provides the start-up capital/Market research/Prophase research/Plan implemented support and guidance;Hold business and investment global BBS,Attract developing countries/Especially the emerging market countries such as entrepreneurs to come to participate in;For interested in the MIT student/Graduates and the researchers offer scholarships.

“10万美元创业大赛” "$100000 business competition"

　　麻省理工学院学生积极组织各种创业组织和活动，包括创业工作坊、创业俱乐部等。其中，最具影响力的当属“100K创业大赛”(即10万美元创业大赛)，已成为全美高校中最著名的学生创业竞赛。

MIT students actively organize all kinds of business organization and activities,Including venture workshops/Business club, etc.the,The most influential M.I.T"100 k entrepreneurship competition"(That $100000 business competition),The university has become the most famous student entrepreneurship competition.

　　大赛创立于1989年，最初由麻省理工学院创业俱乐部和斯隆商学院新企业联合会共同创办，旨在把学校理工专业和商科专业学生的优势相结合，将创新理念转化为实际运用并投入市场。

Competition was founded in 1989,First by the Massachusetts institute of technology's Sloan school of business club and new enterprise association jointly founded,Aimed at the school of professional and business students combined advantage,The innovative concept into the practical application and put into market.

　　斯隆管理学院学生艾丽丝·弗朗西斯目前是大赛执行主任。她介绍说，大赛选拔优秀创业团队，并给予胜出者一定的创业资金作为奖励，每年奖金总额约为35万美元，奖金主要来源于外界赞助。

Sloan school of management student Alice Francis is currently executive director of competition.She said,Competition selection excellent business team,And to give winners certain venture capital as a reward,Bonus every year total about $350000,Bonus mainly comes from the outside world sponsorship.

　　大赛针对创业者需具备的不同素质分为三轮：第一轮是创意类竞赛。参赛者在60秒内向评审团推销自己的创意，胜出者将获得5000美元奖励；第二轮是参赛者就自己创业想法的现实可操作性进行演示，胜出者将获得3.5万美元的创业基金；第三轮是商业计划竞赛，考察参赛者为成立企业所做的实战准备，胜出者将获得10万美元的奖金。

Competition for entrepreneurs to have the different quality is divided into three rounds:The first round is creative class competition.Participants in the jury to sell yourself within 60 seconds of originality,Winners will receive 5000 dollars;The second round is participants is their own business idea realistic operability demonstration,Winners will receive $35000 venture fund;The third round is a business plan competition,Study participants for established enterprise do to actual combat,Winners will receive a $100000 prize.

　　在竞赛过程中，主办方为学生提供平台供其发布创业构想、招募团队成员。同时，还为学生创业团队提供指导和培训以及媒体宣传、法律咨询和人脉方面的支持，并吸引毕马威国际会计师事务所、汤森路透集团等国际知名企业和机构赞助。

In the process of the contest,Organizers provide students with platform for their release business idea/Recruiting team members.At the same time,Students also listen to an entrepreneurial team to provide guidance and training, and media publicity/The legal consultation and contacts support,And attract KPMG international accounting firm/Townsend Reuters group and other international well-known enterprises and institutions sponsorship.

学生创业交流有前景 Students' venture exchange promising

　　奥莱说，随着中国经济实力的提升，其巨大市场潜力也日益吸引麻省理工学院创业者的注意。

Ole said,With China's economic strength of ascension,The huge market potential is increasingly attracting the attention of entrepreneurs at the Massachusetts institute of technology.

　　在过去几年内，麻省理工学院与中国政府、企业和学校建立了多种形式的合作。麻省理工学院中国创新与创业论坛已进入第二个年头，将邀请中美双方学术精英、企业领袖以及政策制定者来麻省理工进行讲演和成果展示，探讨中美科技创新和企业发展，发掘在清洁能源、环境、信息科技、卫生保健和生物科技等领域的潜在合作机会。

In the past few years,The Massachusetts institute of technology and the Chinese government/Enterprise and the school has established the various forms of cooperation.MIT China innovation and entrepreneurship BBS has already entered the second year,Will invite both sides academic elite/Enterprise leaders and policy makers to MIT to lecture and results show,To explore the scientific and technological innovation and enterprise development,Excavations in clean energy/environment/Information technology/Health care and biological science and technology and other areas of potential cooperation opportunities.

　　作为论坛重要组成部分，麻省理工学院中国创业计划大赛旨在建立一个中外投资人与新技术、新商业模式进行对接的平台，给创业者提供更多了解和进入中国市场的机会。大赛对参赛者背景和参赛项目类别不做限制，仅强调所提交项目要适用于中国市场。最终进入决赛的团队将分享总额不低于2万美元的现金奖励。

As an important part of the BBS,MIT China business plan competition aims to establish a Chinese and foreign investors and new technology/New business model for docking platform,Entrepreneurs to provide more understanding and enter the Chinese market opportunity.Competition to the background and the project categories do not limit,Only emphasize the submit the project to be applied in the Chinese market.Finally the final team will share in the total amount not less than $20000 cash prize.

　　来自麻省理工学院的创业团队O ptim ix告诉记者，中国市场蕴含巨大潜力，他们期待能与中国公司展开合作。该团队研发项目主要是通过全新运算模型帮助航空公司整合并协同优化定价及收益管理策略，以提高收益。目前，该团队正在积极接触中国航空界人士，并专门制作了中文产品介绍。(记者 孙浩 樊宇 华盛顿报道)

From the Massachusetts institute of technology entrepreneurial team O ptim ix told reporters,The Chinese market contains huge potential,They look forward to cooperation with the Chinese company.The team r&d project is mainly through the new operation model to help airlines integrated and collaborative optimization pricing and earnings management strategy,In order to improve the income.At present,The team are actively contact China aviation industry people,And specially produced for Chinese product introduction.(Reporter SunHao FanYu Washington reports)

德国慕尼黑工业大学： German technical university of Munich:

系统建设“创业型大学” System construction"Venture type university"

　　德国慕尼黑工业大学是德国老牌理工科名校，在德国大学综合排名中名列前茅。在校长沃尔夫冈·赫尔曼倡导下，慕尼黑工大自1995年起实施一系列教育改革，并启动了“创业型大学”计划，旨在培养与现代工业社会相适应的创业和创新人才，其中一些做法收效良好，在德国其他高校以及奥地利高校中得到推广。

Munich, Germany industrial university is Germany old school of science and engineering,In Germany the comprehensive university rankings of the top.In the principal Wolfgang Herman initiative,Munich Harbin industrial university since 1995 implementation of a series of education reform,And launched a"Venture type university"plan,Aims to cultivate and modern industrial social adaptation of the pioneering and innovative talents,Some practice good convergence,Other universities in Germany and Austria in universities is widely.

创业教育是系统工程 Entrepreneurship education is a system engineering

　　慕尼黑工大第一副校长、华裔科学家孟立秋告诉记者，慕尼黑工大提出“创业型大学”理念，其核心要义是调动一切力量，着重培养学生的适应力、学习力和实践力。学生需要掌握的不仅仅是课本知识，更重要的是职业视野和方向感、团队合作能力以及发现和解决实际问题的能力。

Munich Harbin industrial university first vice President/Chinese scientists MengLiQiu told reporters,Munich Harbin industrial university puts forward"Venture type university"concept,Its core essence is to mobilize all forces,With its focus on training the students' adaptability/Learning ability and practice force.Students need to master is not only the textbook knowledge,More important is professional view and sense of direction/Ability to work in a team and found and the ability to solve practical problems.

　　孟立秋说，创业教育是一个系统工程。它不是设立一个部门或办公室就能解决的问题，而是涉及教学实践、跨学科研究、行政管理等方方面面。同时，创业教育是一个长期过程，不能通过运动式的、应景式的短期行为来实现。

MengLiQiu said,Entrepreneurship education is a system engineering.It is not set up a department or office can solve the problem,It should be involved in teaching practice/Interdisciplinary studies/Administrative management aspects.At the same time,Entrepreneurship education is a long-term process,Not through the movement type/YingJingShi short-term behavior to achieve.

　　慕尼黑工大管理层认为，创业文化应渗透到教学生活的各个环节。在该校，无论是生命科学、机械制造还是医学专业，学生从大一开始就有创业和专业概览课程，由资深教授和企业界人士向学生就职业前景和专业前沿情况进行讲解。

Munich Harbin industrial university management thought,Entrepreneurial culture should infiltrate into every link of teaching life.In the school,Whether life science/Mechanical manufacturing or medical professional,Students from freshman year start with business and professional overview course,By senior professors and business people to student career prospects and professional frontier situation in the lecture.

　　孟立秋说，本科阶段的创业课程有助于学生在学习早期阶段对职业前景和创业路径有一个宏观把握。进入硕士和博士阶段，创业教育就会针对专业更加细化和具有可操作性。不少课程由企业中层管理人员主讲，不仅带来工业界最新动向，还为有意创业的学生提供创业咨询。

MengLiQiu said,The stage of undergraduate course helps students learn business in the early stages of career prospects and entrepreneurial path has a macro control.Into the master and doctoral stage,Entrepreneurship education will be aimed at professional more refining and operable.Many courses by enterprise middle managers give a lecture,Industry brings not only the latest trend,Also to business student to provide business consulting.

　　在学生课余，慕尼黑工大还有独具特色的“师徒配对”项目。每年，一些企业界退休不久的老员工、老校友会到学校登记，表示愿意与学生结成“对子”，给予课余指导。而学生也会递交意向书，学校根据供需信息进行配对。师徒间建立联系后，便可自主组织活动。

In the student class -odd,Munich Harbin industrial university and unique"Teacher and pupil pairing"project.Every year,Some businesses near the old retired employees/Old alumni association to school registration,With the students said they would form"pairs",Give after school guidance.And students will submit the letter of intent,The school according to the supply and demand information pairing.Establish contact between teacher and pupil after,Can the independent organization activities.

　　盂立秋说，这种制度植根于德国职业教育师徒相承的传统。师傅会把学生请进家中，或带他参与社会活动，在交往中传授从业经验。有的师傅会把学生介绍到其公司实习。师傅的帮带行为完全自愿，不领报酬，因此学校也没有成本方面的顾忌。

Said after the beginning of autumn,This system rooted in German vocational education teacher and pupil miming tradition.The master can put students please into your home,Or take him to participate in social activities,In my interactions teach experience.Some teachers will introduce students to the company practice.Teacher BangDai behavior completely voluntary,Don't bring remuneration,So the school also does not have the cost of apprehension.

　　盂立秋说，建设创业型大学，涉及一系列教育理念和教学方法的重大转变，而广大中层教师是大学办学思路的践行者，将直接关系到教育转型的成败。2004年，慕尼黑工大利用林德公司的捐款成立了林德学院，其重要使命之一就是向教师提供60多种再培训项目。

Said after the beginning of autumn,Construction undertaking type university,Involves a series of education concept and teaching method of the great transformation,And the middle teacher is university managerial train of thought of the practice,Will be directly related to the success or failure of the education transformation.In 2004,,Munich Harbin industrial university use linde company's donation established linde college,One of the important mission is to provide teachers with 60 kinds of retraining project.

建“孵化器”呵护创业萌芽 built"incubator"Caress venture bud

　　2002年，在宝马公司董事苏珊娜·克拉滕的资助下，慕尼黑工大成立了创业中心。创业中心的主要任务是提供创业咨询和开发培训项目，目前有一个20多人的专业团队负责具体运作。

In 2002,,In the BMW company directors susannah · carat teng sponsorship,Munich Harbin industrial university established the business center.Entrepreneurship center's main task is to provide business consulting and develop training programs,Currently there is a more than 20 professional team responsible for specific operation.

　　孟立秋说，慕尼黑工大的学生可以到创业中心自由选修相关课程，并计入学分。创业中心的教师来自各个院系，还有一些客座教授和企业界人士。针对创业各个阶段所面临的不同问题，这里都有成体系的课程。

MengLiQiu said,Munich our students can go to the business center free elective courses,And included in the credit.Entrepreneurship center of teachers from different departments,There are some visiting professors and business people.According to each stage entrepreneurship faced different problems,Here are your system course.

　　对于快毕业的高年级学生，如果有创业或将科研成果商业化的想法，可以到创业中心寻求全面帮助，包括制定商业计划、提供法律服务、调研分析市场、联络潜在的合作公司等。对于特别出色的项目，慕尼黑工大还会动用专门的创业基金，向学生提供一笔数千到几万欧元不等的启动资金。

For fast graduate the senior and junior students,If the startup or scientific research commercial idea,Can go to the business center for comprehensive help,Including their business plans/Provide legal service/Research analysis market/Contact potential cooperation company, etc.For special excellent project,Munich Harbin industrial university will also use special venture fund,To provide students with a pen to tens of thousands of euro unequal start-up capital.

强化产学研融合 Strengthening the combination of fusion

　　作为理工科名校，慕尼黑工大向来注重与产业界保持紧密联系，而这对培养学生的创业和创新能力十分重要。

As a school of science and engineering,Munich Harbin industrial university always pay attention to keeping close contact with the industry,And this is for the training of the students' entrepreneurship and innovation ability is very important.

　　慕尼黑工大与宝马、大众、西门子等公司常年合作，聘请公司中高层人员开设课程，或担任客座教授。每年，大批慕尼黑工大的学生到有关企业实习，参与一线生产。绝大多数理工科硕士、博士生论文都是在企业实习期间确立选题并最终完成。

Munich Harbin industrial university and BMW/mass/Such as Siemens company perennial cooperation,Hire company senior personnel have classes,Or as a visiting professor.Every year,A large number of Munich our students to the enterprise practice,Participate in a line production.The vast majority of master of science and engineering/Doctoral thesis is in the enterprise practice topic during establishment and finally complete.

　　慕尼黑工大还与不少企业签订了联合研发协议。许多学生在导师带领下参与技术攻关，在得到全方位锻炼的同时，也能感受到工业界的真实脉动，为日后创业或就业打下基础。

Harbin industrial university Munich with many enterprises signed a joint research and development agreement.Many students in teacher led to participate in technology research,In get all-round training at the same time,Also can feel the real pulsating industry,For future business or employment to lay the foundation.

　　近年来，慕尼黑工大还向一些美国大学学习，强化了“校友联盟”。“校友联盟”不仅可为学校带来可观的捐赠，还能够强化大学与产业界的联系，校友的工作经验和职场资源通过联盟传导给学生，有助于学生成才。

In recent years,Harbin industrial university Munich to some American university,Strengthened the"Alumni alliance"."Alumni alliance"For the school can not only bring considerable donation,Also can strengthen the university and industrial connection,Alumni work experience and professional resources through the alliance conduction to students,Help students become.

　　此外，慕尼黑工大还加强了跨学科建设与人才培养。自2006年起，该校相继成立了高等研究院、研究生院和工程学院，旨在打破门派分割带来的学术封闭状态，为学生提供多个跨学科的研究和学习平台。(记者 韩墨 慕尼黑报道)

In addition,Munich Harbin industrial university has strengthened the interdisciplinary construction and personnel training.Since 2006,The school of higher institute have been established/Graduate school and college of engineering,Aim to break affiliation segmentation bring academic closed state,To provide students with more interdisciplinary research and learning platform.(Reporter Korea ink Munich reports)