近期发生的虐童事件暴露出一些地方存在教师无证上岗的问题，教师资格证再次引起关注。

Child abuse event happened recently exposed some places exist the problem of teachers without card mount guard,The teacher certificate attention again.

　　从今年起，上海成为国家首批教师资格考试试点省市，在上海第一次参加教师资格申请的人员都需参加“国考”。笔试、面试均执行国家标准，考核的内容更有针对性。明年将在全国推广。

From this year,Shanghai become the national teachers' qualification examinations the first batch of pilot provinces and cities,In Shanghai for the first time to participate in teachers' qualification application personnel are required to attend"Countries take an examination of".Written examination/Interview are implementing the national standard,The content of assessment more targeted.Next year will spread in the whole nation.

　　面对当下教师资格证越来越热门的现状，教师资格证改革将如何进行，才能为教师准入设置真正有效的门槛？

In the face of the present situation of qualification of teacher of more and more popular,The teacher certificate reform will be how,For teachers access to set up the threshold of the truly effective?

　　11月3日早晨，上海大学2011级文学院硕士生小赵早早坐着地铁横穿上海，她打算去2012年冬季长三角联合师资招聘会探探营，积累一下求职经验。“没想到有这么多人要当老师。”看着从索票窗口蜿蜒出来的四条长龙，小赵不仅感慨。还未毕业的她最近一个月正忙着冲刺教师资格考复习，招聘会之后她还要赶回去上教师资格考的培训班。

On November 3, morning,,Shanghai university level 2011 college of liberal arts master early little zhao4 zi3 sit subway across Shanghai,She is going to the 2012 winter long triangle joint teachers recruitment sound out camp,The job experience accumulation."Didn't expect there are so many people want to be a teacher."Looked at from the rope ticket window winding its way out of the four long dragon,Little zhao4 zi3 regrets not only.Is not she graduated from a recent months are busy sprint teachers' qualification exam review,She wants to go back after the recruitment on teachers' qualification exam training.

越来越难的改革 More and more difficult to reform

　　“现在想起来，当年真该早点考。”作为第一次参加教师资格申请者，小赵碰上了试点，上海地区试点教师资格考试今年升格为“国考”，笔试、面试的内容均执行国家标准。

"Now that I think about it,When is the exam early."As the first time to join the qualifications for teachers,Little zhao4 zi3 met pilot,Shanghai pilot teacher qualification examination for upgrading the this year"Countries take an examination of",Written examination/The contents of the interview were implement national standards.

　　按照1995年出台的《教师资格条例》规定，“中国公民在各级各类学校和其他教育机构中专门从事教育教学工作，必须依法取得教师资格。”随着教师待遇的不断提高，有事业编制、寒暑假，工作稳定和体面，这都使得教师资格考试在2001年后吸引了大批非师范学生参与其中。随着政策的开放，非师范高校毕业生及师范院校的非师范专业毕业生也可以通过参加教师资格考试来应聘教师。

According to the 1995 published[Teachers' qualification regulations]provisions,"Chinese citizens at various levels in schools and other institutions of education specialized in education teaching work,Must be in accordance with laws, obtain qualifications for teachers."With the continuous improvement of the teachers' pay,Prepare a career/Winter and summer vacation,Stable and decent,This makes the examination for the qualifications of teachers in 2001 years attracted a large number of non normal students involved.With the opening of the policy,The normal college graduates and normal colleges and universities not normal graduates can also through to participate in the examination for the qualifications of teachers to apply for teachers.

　　小赵清楚地记得，自己本科时，这门教师资格考试虽然考的人不少，但大家都不怎么当回事，因为“看看书就过了”。随着考试的不断改革，教师资格考试的要求已经今非昔比。

Little zhao4 zi3 clearly remember,Yourself when undergraduate course,This door teachers' qualification exam although take an examination of the person many,But everyone don't seriously,because"Reading have".With the continuing reform of examination,Teachers' qualification exam requirements have is not what it was.

　　按照国家教育体制改革试点工作的总体部署，此次中小学和幼儿园教师资格考试改革试点从2012年上海开展，2013年全国实行统考，并形成常态化制度。考试科目及内容增加，小学教师考三科、中学教师考四科，涉及综合素质、教育基础、学科知识与教学能力、试讲等。同时，收紧报考资格范围，高校在校生只有毕业年级学生方能报考，且幼儿园和小学教师须具备专科及以上学历，初、高中教师须具备本科及以上学历。并规定笔试单科成绩两年有效，且笔试各科成绩合格，才能参加面试；笔试和面试双合格方能参加教师资格申报，两年未通过全部考试，需要重新报考，部分学科还需要教学实习见习经历。让小赵这些在校学生更不适应的是，考试没有教材和参考书，考试科目和内容都要增加。

According to the national education system reform pilot work of the overall deployment,The primary and secondary school and kindergarten teachers' qualification examination reform pilot from 2012 in Shanghai,The 2013 national implement unified examination,And formed normalization system.Exam course and content increase,Primary school teachers take an examination of three/High school teachers take an examination of four families,Involves the comprehensive quality/Education foundation/Subject knowledge and teaching ability/Speak, etc.At the same time,Tightening enter oneself for an examination qualification range,University graduate student only grade students can enter oneself for an examination,And kindergarten and primary school teacher should have college or above,initial/High school teachers should have bachelor degree or above.And provisions written two years specifies performance effectively,And written examination qualified subjects,Can take part in the interview;Written examination and interview double qualified can participate in teachers' qualification declaration,Two years not through all the exam,Need to enter oneself for an examination,Part of the subject also need to practice teaching practice experience.Let little zhao4 zi3 these students more does not adapt the is,The exam no textbooks and reference books,Exam course and content will also increase.

　　“虽然现在考的同学通过率不低，但他们都认认真真按照考研的强度复习了一个月。”看着校园里“不通过免费重修”、“通过率85%”这类教师资格证考证培训班的广告渐渐压过考研和四六级，小赵也花了一千块报名了两个培训班。

"Although now take an examination of classmate percent of pass not low,But they are conscientious review according to take an examination of grinding strength for a month."Looked at campus"Not through the free rebuilt"/"Passing rate of 85%"This kind of qualification of teacher of textual research training class advertising gradually pressure had one's deceased father grind and band 4 and band 6,Little zhao4 zi3 also spent one thousand pieces of registration for two training class.

“教师证”到底考什么 "teacher"Exactly what exam

　　在往年的教师资格考试时，笔试主要考三门学科：《教育学》、《心理学》、《教育概论》，而在新的“国考”中，这些内容将更加加强，并突出实践性。“国考”的笔试设置了综合素质、保教知识与能力的测试，在面试的“教育教学实践能力”环节，还重视考察申请人员的才艺：弹钢琴、讲故事、绘画等基本教学技能；对于申请小学教师资格的人员，“国考”的笔试设置了综合素质、教育教学知识与能力，面试环节还将对考察申请人员的知识面，包括语文、英语、社会、数学、科学、音乐、体育、美术等学科的知识。

In former years teachers' qualification exams,Written examination basically take an examination of three disciplines:[pedagogy]/[psychology]/[Education introduction to],But in the new"Countries take an examination of"in,The content will be more strengthen,And stress practicality."Countries take an examination of"Written examination set up the comprehensive quality/Teaching the knowledge and ability test,During the interview"Education teaching practice ability"link,Also pay attention to investigation application personnel's talent:Playing the piano/stories/Paintings of the basic teaching skills;To apply for primary school teachers qualified personnel,"Countries take an examination of"Written examination set up the comprehensive quality/Education teaching the knowledge and ability,The interview will also link to investigation application personnel knowledge,Include Chinese/English/social/mathematics/science/music/sports/Art subjects such as knowledge.

　　“国考”的这个变革，与近阶段大量非师范类毕业生进入教育领域有关，也和教师这个职业的特性有关，毕竟教育更多的不在于理论而在于第一线的实践，而经验的多寡往往成了判断教师合格与否的关键。

"Countries take an examination of"This change,And close to stage a large number of non normal graduates into education field relevant,And the teachers in this career characteristics about,After all, education more lies not in theory and in the practice of the first line,And the amount of experience often become the key to judge teachers qualified or not.

　　“在准备考试的过程中，我对教育理论的了解收获很大，毕竟以前没怎么接触过。但我觉得当一个好教师还是需要经验的积累，只有你上了课才知道是怎么回事。”任杰，2012年通过教师资格考试，后应聘成为民立中学的物理老师。他原本本科就读上海交大生物医学专业，因为想当老师而又报考了华东师大研究生。“我在准备教师资格考试中的专业课，有些题目是要分析对错，而我现在自己当了老师才知道，老师自己知道对错是一回事，更重要的是如何为学生分析他们产生的错误。而这方面，除了教师经验的积累之外，非师范类毕业生背后相对较杂的专业知识或许同样重要。”

"In the process of preparing for the exam,I understand the theories of education very fruitful,After all haven't how to contact.But I think when a good teacher still need the accumulation of experience,Only you on the class didn't know how be to return a responsibility."RenJie,In 2012 through the teachers' qualification examinations,Apply after become the people set up high school physics teacher.He had undergraduate studying Shanghai jiaotong university biomedical professional,Because wants to be a teacher and enter oneself for an examination the graduate student to east China normal university."I'm preparing for the examination for the qualifications of teachers of the professional course,Some topic is the analysis of right and wrong,And I now own when the teacher didn't know,The teacher knows right and wrong is one thing,More important is how to produce the student to analyze their mistake.And this,In addition to the teacher the accumulation of experience outside,Non normal graduates behind relatively complex professional knowledge perhaps equally important."

　　对于申请初级中学、高级中学教师资格证的人员，“国考”在笔试环节有“学科知识与教学能力”，分别对不同学科的申请者进行学业测试，申请语文学科的人员需要参加语文学业测试、申请数学学科的人员需要参加数学学业测试。小赵介绍说，“我在做上几次的英语教师专业考试时，感觉里面的阅读理解题应试性特别强，而现在有些题目考察的知识面就广了很多，即使是一道很简单的单选题，原来可能是考一个语法知识，而现在可能是一首英美小诗，问是谁写的。”

To apply for junior middle school/Senior high school teachers qualification personnel,"Countries take an examination of"In a written examination link"Subject knowledge and teaching ability",For different disciplines respectively the applicant is academic test,Apply for the language discipline personnel need to take part in Chinese academic test/Apply for mathematical subject personnel need to participate in the mathematics academic test.Little zhao4 zi3 said,"I'm doing a few times English teachers' professional exams,Feeling inside of the reading comprehension exam-oriented sex especially strong,But now some topics of study knowledge is widely a lot,Even if is a very simple single subject,The original may be to take a grammar knowledge,And now may be a British and American poem,Asked who wrote."

　　“国考”的另一方向是增加面试比重。一位参加过教师资格考试面试的新老师感觉：“有面试当然比没有面试要好，会督促考生关注教育实际。不过半小时的试教，怎么看都有点运气成分。”同样应聘民立中学，上海师范大学2009级数学系硕士毕业师范生陈亮认为，成为班主任后，学到最多的就是处理层出不穷的课堂意外。“教学里面很多事情是没办法模拟的。”陈亮与任杰一起参加了为期一年的“上海市新教师规范化见习”，全区所有的新进教师每周有四个半天在基地学校参加班主任会议、集体备课和听课等。

"Countries take an examination of"Another direction is to increase the proportion of the interview.A participated in teachers' qualification examinations interview new teacher feel:"Have an interview of course better than no better interview,Will urge the examinee pays attention education actual.Not more than half hours of practice teaching,How to see a bit lucky."Also apply for the people set up middle school,Shanghai normal university level 2009 mathematics master's degree students ChenLiang think,Become after the teacher in charge,Learn the most is processing emerge in endlessly classroom accident."Teaching inside a lot of things is not way to simulation."ChenLiang and RenJie joined together for a year"Shanghai new teacher standardization apprentice",The all new teachers there are four half a day a week in base the school to take part in the teacher in charge the meeting/Collective lessons and to attend a lecture, etc.

考试能考出师德吗？ Exams can get a virtue?

　　据统计，每年上海申请教师资格的人员约有两万人次，其中，三分之二为在校大学生。然而教师资格考试在校园日渐红火的背后也有着隐忧。教师职业对毕业生越来越具有吸引力，不过是一种不对称的吸引力，对于有些热门专业、理工科学生和男生而言，教师仍然是一个排名相对靠后的选择。小赵承认自己也有点从众心理，“给自己一个机会，反正花的代价也不大。如果以后有更好的工作，我也会考虑考虑。”

According to the statistics,Every year Shanghai apply for qualifications for teachers who are about twenty thousand people,the,Third part point of college students.But teachers' qualification examinations in campus increasingly prosperous also has a secret worry behind.Teachers' professional to graduates more and more attractive,But is a kind of asymmetric appeal,For some popular major/The students of science and engineering concerned with the boy,The teacher is still a ranking relative back choice.Little zhao4 zi3 to admit that you are a little group psychology,"Give yourself a chance,Anyway, flower price is not large also.If there is a better job,I will think about it."

　　是否具备教育教学能力、是否适合做教师是教师资格认定中要考察的一项重要内容。而热爱教育事业，思想品德好，为人师表，能完成教育教学工作和思想品德、文化科技教育，能带领学生开展有益的社会活动，关心爱护学生，尊重学生人格，促进学生德、智、体等全面发展等内容，都是准备执教的人应当具备的素养。

Whether to have education teaching ability/Whether for teacher is a teacher qualification to investigate in one of the most important content.And love education career,Good moral character,Is a teacher by worthy example,Can complete education teaching work as well as ideological and moral character/Culture science and technology education,Can lead students to develop good social activities,Take care of students,Respect students personality,Promote student's/wisdom/Body and all-round development, etc,Are all ready to teach men should be literacy.

　　“可能和专业技能相比，最近一些教师虐童恶性事件的出现，促使我们现在更进一步提出了对师德的要求。教师的工作是很繁重和琐碎的，可能喜欢教育、喜欢学生才是一个好教师最主要的天赋，这个能通过考试考察得出吗？”一位小学校长对此不无忧虑。而现在在某些地区试行的教师五年考核计划，也被看做是针对进入教师职业后被发现不适合教师岗位的一个制度性建设。有校长建议在教师资格考试中应该更早和学校招聘结合起来，“比如，如果我们学校对学生很满意，有过实习经历，在教师资格考试中可以免除面试或者有加分。如果教师资格考试越来越难，必然需要学生投入更大的精力，是不是会让教师职业对优秀学生特别是理工科男生的吸引力继续下降？”

"May be compared and professional skills,Recently some teachers the emergence of child abuse malignant events,Prompted us now further puts forward the requirements of teacher's morality.Teacher's job is very heavy and trivial,Might like education/Like students is a good teacher the main talent,This study concluded that can pass the exam?"A primary school principals to not worry.And now in some areas for trial implementation of teachers five years plan evaluation,Can also be seen as for into the teachers' professional is found not suitable for teachers after the position of a systematic construction.Has the President suggestion in the teachers' qualification exam should be more early and school recruitment combined,"For example,If we are satisfied with the school for students,There have been practice experience,In the teachers' qualification examinations can be exempt from an interview or a bonus.If teachers' qualification examinations has become more and more difficult,Students will need to input more energy,Whether can let teacher professional to outstanding students of science and engineering especially boys appeal continue to fall?"

　　事实上，教师职业要求相对较高，职业发展前景渺茫，使得一些地区合格的幼儿教师越来越少。这次浙江省教育厅在通报温岭虐童事件时，公布了一项数据，当地幼儿园里约四成老师，合计四万人左右没有幼儿教师资格证。山东省教育厅抽查了17市194所幼儿园，53%的幼儿教师没有取得教育部认可的幼儿教师资格证书，17%的园长没有取得园长任职资格培训证书。

In fact,Teachers' professional requirement is relative taller,Career development prospect,Make some areas eligible preschool teacher less and less.The zhejiang provincial department of child abuse in the bulletin possessing event,Announced a data,The local kindergarten teacher forty percent Rio,Total about forty thousand people without preschool teacher certificate.Shandong provincial selectived examination and city 194 kindergartens,53% of the early childhood teachers have not obtained the ministry of education approved preschool teacher qualification certificate,17% of the principal have not obtained the principal qualifications training certificate.

　　“你为什么会选择成为光荣的人民教师？”这个每位新教师都会面临的问题实质上是教师这个职业吸引人才的原因。选择通过“国考”让最合适成为教师人成为教师，才是一个最好的“国考”制度。

"Why do you choose to become glorious people's teacher?"This each new teachers would face the problem is essentially the teachers in this career to attract talents reason.Choose through the"Countries take an examination of"Let the most appropriate person to become teachers to become teachers,Is one of the best"Countries take an examination of"system.