2001年，针对农村小学布点分散、教师素质参差不齐、教育经费紧缺等问题，一场对全国农村中小学重新布局的“教育改革”开始了。具体说来，就是大量撤销农村原有的中小学，使学生集中到小部分城镇学校。

In 2001,,In rural primary school stationing dispersion/Teachers' quality is uneven/Education funding shortage problems,A field of the national rural primary and secondary schools to be relocated"Education reform"began.In practical terms,Is a large number of revocation of the original rural primary and secondary schools,To make the students to focus on small town school.

　　总体来说，农村学校的布局调整提高了教育质量，提高了教师的配置，提高了教育的效益。不过，随着社会发展变化，这种调整也出现了执行上的一些偏差，以及过快过急导致的一些问题。学生上学变远，交通工具跟不上，路途出现安全的隐患，同时增加了群众的经济负担，还有就是寄宿制学校的条件跟不上，出现了住宿和吃饭的一些问题。

overall,The rural school layout adjustment to improve the education quality,To improve the teacher's configuration,To improve the education benefit.but,Along with the social development and change,This adjustment also appeared on the implementation of some of the deviation,And run too fast to some problems.Students go to school become far,Traffic tool can't keep up,Journey appear safe hidden trouble,At the same time increase the economic burden,There is a boarding school conditions can't keep up,Appeared accommodation and eat some problems.

　　9月初，国办专门下发了《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》，其中一个重点就是要重新科学制定农村学校布局，所有地区眼下都必须暂停撤并教学点。

In early September,Map specially issued[Rural compulsory education on regulating the school layout adjustment opinion],One of the key is to formulate new science of rural school layout,All regions at present must suspend merger of teaching school.

　　21世纪教育研究院日前发布的《农村教育布局调整十年评价报告》显示，从2000年到2010年，我国农村的中小学数量锐减一半，平均每一天就要消失63所小学、30个教学点、3所初中，几乎每过一小时，就要消失4所农村学校。

The 21st century education institute recently released[Rural education layout adjustment ten years evaluation report]display,From 2000 to 2010,China's rural primary and secondary school half dropped drastically,On an average day will disappear 63 primary school/30 teaching school/3 junior high school,Almost every one hour,Will disappear and rural schools.

　　我省自2009年开始实施中小学区域布局调整，截至2011年底，云南对全省中小学校点进行了大规模的收缩，撤并了9308个小学校点、112所中学。记者从省教育厅获悉，我省已经暂停中小学布局调整，正按照教育部的相关要求重新制定专项规划，而部分州市校点恢复工作也已经进入规划层面。

Our province since 2009 was implemented in middle and elementary schools regional layout adjustment,By the end of 2011,Yunnan province of middle and primary school JiaoDian on a large scale contraction,The merging of 9308 primary school JiaoDian/112 middle school.Reporters learned from the provincial department of education,Our province has suspended the layout and adjustment of primary and secondary schools,In accordance with the relevant requirements of the ministry of education is to formulate special planning,And some JiaoDian indexs recovery work also have entered the planning level.

2年撤并中小学近万所 2 years of merging of middle and primary school that nearly

　　教育部关于暂停“撤点并校”的声音一出，已经开展此项工作多年的云南省自然也进入了被关注的视野之中。记者昨日从省教育厅证实，我省已经暂停中小学布局调整，即所谓的“撤点并校”工作。

The ministry of education about pause"From point BingJiao"Voice a,Have to carry out the work many years of yunnan natural has entered to be concerned in the field of vision.Reporters yesterday from the provincial education department confirmed,Our province has suspended the layout and adjustment of primary and secondary schools,The so-called"From point BingJiao"work.

　　2009年11月，云南省中小学区域布局调整工作会在楚雄州召开，《云南省中小学区域布局调整意见》下发至各州、市、县人民政府，云南省中小学校的“撤点并校”工作也自此次会议开始。

In November 2009,Yunnan middle and primary school area layout adjustment work in current conditions are held,[Yunnan middle and primary school area layout adjustment opinion]Issued to the states/city/County people's government,Yunnan province small and medium-sized school"From point BingJiao"Work since the meeting began.

　　当时的会议提出了云南省3年中小学区域布局调整的阶段性任务，到2012年，云南省将全部撤销“一师一校”点，小学、中学将分别撤并3成和2成。原则上撤并300人以下的村小和教学点。人口在2万人以下或者生均规模达不到1000人的乡镇原则上不再设初中，可设立九年一贯制学校。

The meeting was put forward three years in yunnan province middle and primary school area layout adjustment of periodic task,By 2012,Yunnan province will cancel all"A school teacher"point,Elementary school/High school will be separately merging into 3 and 2 into.In principle, the merger of below 300 people of school and teaching school.The population of 20000 persons or explores the size of more than 1000 men no longer villages and towns in principle a junior high school,Can set up nine construct school.

　　随后，“撤点并校”工作在全省逐步推开。2010年2月，《昆明市中小学幼儿园区域布局调整指导意见》获得通过，昆明市于当年全面启动中小学幼儿园区域布局调整，并完成工作任务的50%。该意见要求原则上将撤并300人以下的村小和教学点，意见出台之时，昆明市300人以下的农村完全小学还有818所，占小学学校数的61.3%。

then,"From point BingJiao"Work in the province gradually push away.In February 2010,[Kunming middle and primary school kindergarten regional layout adjustment instruction opinion]Get through the,Kunming in primary and secondary schools in full swing kindergarten regional layout adjustment,And 50% of the task.This opinion request principle admiral merger of 300 people of the school and teaching school,The opinion on,Kunming below 300 people of rural complete primary school there are 818,Accounted for 61.3% of the number of primary school.

　　在多年的推进工作中，全省“不达标”中小学逐渐被撤并取消。2011年，“撤点并校”工作在香格里拉进入全面落实阶段，仅仅香格里拉县的3个初级中学就转移学生5596人，转移教职工562人，实现了“中学进城”的目标。

After years of work in advance,the"Not the"Middle and primary school has been cancelled merger.In 2011,,"From point BingJiao"Working in shangri-la entered the overall implementation of phase,Shangri-la county only three primary school and transfer student 5596 people,Transfer staff 562 people,realized"City middle school"goal.

　　在“你撤我并”的推动下，香格里拉全县原有的306所小学，缩减为17所；8所中学缩减为3所；分布在大山深处的1.7万中学生与1468名教职员工也同时进城。也就是说，香格里拉这个仅有6万多人的小县城，人口骤然增加了近三分之一。从2007年底到2011年底，全迪庆州中小学校由952所减少到177所，共撤并775所，缩减率达81.4%。

in"You from me and"driven,Shangri-la the original 306 primary school,Reduced to 17;8 middle school reduced to 3;Distribution in the mountain in 17000 high school students and 1468 staff at the same time into the city.That is,Shangri-la this only 60000 people of the small town,Population increase abruptly nearly one-third.From the end of 2007 to the end of 2011,All DiQingZhou middle and primary school by 952 reduced to 177,A total of 775 merger,Reduction rate was 81.4%.

　　从1996年就开始了撤并中小学工作的玉溪市，截止到2011年底，已经进行了三轮撤并。小学学校数和教学点由2003年的649所、383个集中到2011年的568所、27个，农村寄宿制学校由250个增加到461所。

Began in 1996 primary and secondary schools of the merger work yuxi,By the end of 2011,Have the merger of three rounds.Primary school teaching school number and from 2003 in 649/383 focus in 2011 to 568/27,Rural residential school increase from 250 to 461.

　　截至2011年底，云南全省中小学校点进行了大规模的收缩，撤并了9308个小学校点、112所中学。

By the end of 2011,Yunnan province middle and primary school JiaoDian on a large scale contraction,The merging of 9308 primary school JiaoDian/112 middle school.

“撤点并校”争议声中前进 "From point BingJiao"Of controversy forward

　　随着中小学布局调整的推进，一些撤并之后的问题也时常见诸媒体。有媒体报道，文山壮族苗族自治州丘北县天鲜乡发白村完小，有453名学生，其中73名学生来自周围被撤并的5个校点。为了来发白村完小读书，这些孩子最远的要走6个小时，最近要走1个多小时。学校5年级的一个班，就有10个学生辍学，无论老师们怎么劝说，家长和孩子都不愿回学校。

Along with the advancement of elementary and middle schools layout adjustment,After the merger of some problems often mass media.Media reports,Of wenshan zhuang and miao minority autonomous prefecture hill north county day fresh township white village primary school,There are 453 students,These include more than 73 students from surrounded by five JiaoDian merger.To white village primary school reading,These children farthest to go 6 hours,Recently to go more than one hour.School grade 5 a class,Have 10 students drop out,No matter the teachers how to persuade,Parents and children do not want to go back to school.

　　此外，还有的办学点的学生宿舍、食堂、课桌椅、床、厕所等配套设施普遍严重滞后。2张床睡3个学生、2个学生1张床、20多名学生1个宿舍的情况较为普遍，有的学校没有食堂，学生吃的食物仅是家里带来的咸菜。95%以上的学校没有沐浴室，大部分学校厕所蹲位严重不足。有的学生因为不注重卫生，加之学校卫生条件差，出现集体患红眼病的现象。集中住宿，学生起夜时间不同，还导致学生普遍出现尿床现象。

In addition,And the students' dormitory office learns a dot/Dining room/Desks and chairs/bed/The toilet facilities such as common serious lag.2 a bed to sleep the three students/Two students 1 bed/More than 20 students a dormitory situation is relatively common,Some schools do not have a dining room,The students to eat food is only brought home the pickles.More than 95% of the schools have no bath room,Most of the schools CunWei toilet seriously insufficient.Some students because they do not pay attention to health,Together with the school health condition is poor,Appear the phenomenon of collective with green eye.Concentrated accommodation,Students different night time,Also causes students generally appear bedwetting phenomenon.

　　关注中小学布局调整问题多年的昆明市政协委员、昆明市教育咨询委员会委员赵坚说，农村小学集中办学后，两个学生睡一张床，一个房间里甚至能放几十张床。有的学校还不能及时地解决孩子的如厕、洗澡等问题。一些低年级的孩子本身就需要照顾其成长，过早地独立对其身体成长是不利的。此外，由于集中办学学校规模过大，而教师编制则有限，导致一些学校管理人员不够，也存在着极大的安全隐患。

Pay attention to middle and primary school layout adjustment problem years of kunming's political consultative conference (CPPCC)/Kunming education advisory committee ZhaoJian said,Rural primary school focus after running,Two students a bed,A room can even put dozens beds.Some schools still can't timely solve the child's toilet/Problems such as bath.Some younger children itself need to care for their growth,Prematurely independence for its body growth is adverse.In addition,Due to the concentrated the school size too big,And the teacher preparation is limited,Cause some school management is not enough,There are also a great safety hidden trouble.

　　他认为，“撤点并校”后，一些学生离家太远，只能选择住校，导致与父母的交流减少，亲情断裂，而这部分的情感则是老师和学校所不能给予的。大范围的集中办学后，还可能出现本土文化流失，一个地区一批学生成长环节存在缺失的严重问题出现。

He thinks,"From point BingJiao"after,Some students are too far away from home,Can only choose in residence,Cause and parents' communication to reduce,Family fracture,And this part of the emotion is the teacher and school can give.A wide range of concentration after running,May also appear local culture erosion,A district a batch of students grow link exists lack of serious problems.

　　省政协委员孙亚玲教授也发现，撤点并校造成农村文化品位降低，使农村更加缺少文化氛围。省教育厅的相关负责人也曾谈到。义务教育阶段的孩子，尤其是少数民族地区孩子过早地集中到县、乡学校就读，除了缺乏父母必要的亲情关怀，影响身心健康成长外，更不利于少数民族语言与文化的传承、发扬。

The Chinese people's political consultative conference SunYaLing professor also found,From point BingJiao causes the countryside culture downgrading,Make the rural more the lack of cultural atmosphere.The relevant person in charge of the provincial education department also talked about.Compulsory education stage of the children,Especially in minority nationality areas children prematurely on county/Township school,In addition to the lack of parents necessary family care,The influence the growth of physical and mental health,More against minority language and cultural heritage/Carry forward.

　　即便质疑声不断，云南的“撤点并校”工作也还在推进之中。今年年初，全省中小学校安工程及优化校点布局工作电视电话会议召开。会议上要求，整合项目，确保资金足额到位；加大力度，确保各类学校建设到位；科学审慎，确保校点布局全面优化；加大投入，确保集中办学后续问题解决到位。

Even if the question sound continuously,yunnan"From point BingJiao"Work is still in practice in.Earlier this year,The small and medium-sized school Ann engineering and optimization JiaoDian layout work picturephone meeting.The meeting requirements,Integration project,Ensure that funds in full;Intensify efforts to,Ensure that all kinds of school construction in place;Scientific prudent,Ensure that JiaoDian layout comprehensive optimization;Increasing investment,Ensure that the centralized follow-up problem solving in place.

两个《意见》带来走向之变 two[opinion]Bring to the change

　　教育部今年7月公布了《规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》，国务院办公厅9月分又下发了《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》，这两个《意见》的“面世”，无疑对“撤点并校”工作的走向指明了方向。

The ministry of education announced July this year[Standard of rural compulsory education school layout adjustment opinion],The general office of the state council also issued nine months[Rural compulsory education on regulating the school layout adjustment opinion],The two[opinion]of"available",Undoubtedly to"From point BingJiao"Work to indicate the direction.

　　其中，《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》，正是有针对性地来解决当前布局调整中的问题，其中一个重点就是要重新科学制定农村校布局，所有地区眼下都必须暂停撤并教学点。

the,[Rural compulsory education on regulating the school layout adjustment opinion],It is targeted to solve the current problems in the layout and adjustment,One of the key is to formulate new science of rural school layout,All regions at present must suspend merger of teaching school.

　　教育部相关负责人也表示，教育部也正在对后续的工作提出更加明确、具体的要求，对于各个省、自治区、直辖市的方案要进行重新的审视，各省要在修订之后上报国家教育体制改革领导小组办公室来审核，审核备案之前，各省一定要停止撤并学校和教学点。各地重新制定的专项规划最后将统一上报到国家教育体制改革领导小组备案，截止时间到2013年的6月底。

The relevant person in charge of the ministry of education also said,The ministry of education are also put forward for the follow-up work more clear/The specific requirements,For each province/Autonomous region/Municipalities directly under the central government to carry out the plan to look at,The provinces in the revised to report the national education system reform after the office of leading group to audit,Audit before the record,Provinces have to stop the merger of school and teaching school.All reorganized special planning finally will unify report to the national education system reform leading group for the record,Cut-off time in 2013 to the end of June.

　　教育部相关负责人表明，农村教学点的变化首先要尊重农村的实际情况，严格撤并程序。该设置就设置，该保留就保留，学生的发展需要是最高原则。根据学生的人数，群众的需求，办学的条件来定，如果由于学生过少，教育质量难以保障，撤并这个学校也要经过严格的程序，包括要进行论证，要听取村民的意见，要解决后续可能的问题，如果是多数的村民不同意，这样的学校就不能撤并。

The ministry of education that the relevant person in charge,The change of rural school must first respect the countryside actual situation,Strictly merging procedure.This set is set up,The reserve is retained,The development of students need is the highest principle.According to the number of students,The needs,Schools to set conditions,If because the student too little,Education quality is difficult to guarantee,Merger of the school also to pass strict procedures,Including must carry on the argument,To listen to the opinions of the villagers,To solve the problem of follow-up may be,If it is most of the villagers don't agree,This school is not merging.

　　按照要求， 1-3年级的学生原则上都要在村里上学，不搞寄宿制更不搞长途的跋涉，不要把学生很多的时间和精力花在上学的路上，小学高年级的学生也是尽量不寄宿，确有寄宿的要解决他们的实际问题，初中的学生选择寄宿或者是走读。

According to the requirement, 1-3 grade students in principle all want to go to school in the village,Don't make residential more don't make long trek,Don't put the students a lot of time and energy spent on my way to school,The elementary school higher grades of students is also try not to boarding,Does boarding to solve their practical problems,Junior high school students choose a boarding or day.

　　实际上，在两个《意见》出台之前，我省部分州市已经没有再把“撤点并校”工作纳入政府的新一年工作任务当中。怒江州教育局负责人表示，如果有学生在集中办学点学习不适应，提出要回到原来的校点学习，1至3年级学生规模能够达到150人，听取当地群众意见后，就可以恢复校点，而预计恢复的校点将达到50个。记者昨日再次致电怒江州教育局，一负责人表示，目前正在制定相关的规划，最快将于明年实施。而记者从省教育厅获悉，我省正按照教育部和国务院办公厅的要求重新制定专项规划，规划将于明年上半年上报。

In fact,In two[opinion]Issued before,There is no part in our province around again"From point BingJiao"Work in line with the government's New Year of tasks.First bureau chief said,If there is a student in the centralized office learns a dot learning does not adapt,Puts forward to want to go back to the original JiaoDian learning,1 to 3 year students scale can reach 150,Listen to the local people advice,JiaoDian can be restored,And it is expected to resume the JiaoDian will reach 50.Reporters call yesterday again education first,A person in charge said,At present is developing related planning,The fastest will take effect next year.And the reporter learned from the provincial department of education,Our province is in line with the ministry of education and the requirements of the general office of the state council to formulate special planning,Planning in the first half of next year will be reported.

　　“撤校并点”工作的暂停，在赵坚的意料之中。他说，云南的教育要一手抓增量，一手抓质量，而抓好软件建设才是发展教育的关键所在。盖新的教学楼，让孩子搬家，不如培养一些好校长、好老师，给予他们充分的保障，让他们带出一所所好学校、一批批好学生来。(韩海阔)

"From school and point"Suspension of work,In ZhaoJian had expected.He said,Yunnan's education to grasping increment,Grasping quality,And pays special attention to the software construction is the key to the development of education.Cover new teaching building,Let the children move,As cultivate some good the headmaster/A good teacher,Give them plenty of security,Let them bring out a good school/A large number of studious was born.(HanHaiKuo)