学生们将获捐的新书包摆在课桌上。2012年5月31日，贵州省工商职业学院教职员工代表，将500多件水鞋、书包、文具等礼物送到贵阳市边远的高坡乡云顶小学，捐赠给全校五百多名学生。图/CFP

The students will receive their new school bag on the desk before.On May 31, 2012,Commerce in guizhou province vocational college staff representatives,Will more than 500 a water shoes/bag/Stationery and gift to guiyang city remote GaoPoXiang cloud top primary school,Donated to the school more than five hundred students.Diagram/CFP

　　新京报讯 据教育部官网消息，近日，有单位和学者就我国农村教育布局调整十年评价发表了相关研究报告，其中一些有关数据引起社会关切，教育部有关负责人就此回答了记者的提问。

The Beijing news - according to the ministry of education's official website news,recently,Have unit and the scholars of our country's rural education layout adjustment ten years evaluation published related research report,Some of the relevant data cause social concern,The ministry of education officials in this answered the reporter's question.

　　对于我国小学辍学率有没有大幅度反弹，是否“回到十年前的水平”的质疑，该负责人表示，自进入新世纪的10多年以来，虽然辍学率随年份会出现一定的波动，但是都没有高于1%的国家控制线，说明我国小学控辍保学的措施是成功的。特别是近年来小学五年巩固率一直比较稳定，因此并不存在小学辍学率回到十年前的问题。但由于我国学生基数较大，辍学问题仍需得到长期关注。

For our country elementary school dropout rates have greatly rebound,whether"Back to the level of a decade ago"questions,This person in charge said,Since entering the new century since more than ten years,Although dropout rates with the year will appear a certain fluctuation,But all have no higher than 1% of the state line,Explain our primary school control dropping out the learning measures is successful.Especially in recent years, primary school 巩固率 five years has been more stable,So does not exist elementary school dropout rates back to the problem of ten years ago.But because our country students large base,School problems still need to get attention for a long time.

　　该负责人称，2011年，国家启动农村义务教育学生营养改善计划，在集中连片特殊困难地区开展试点，按照每生每天3元的标准为约2600万在校生提供营养膳食补助。这些政策的落实，保障了不让一个学生因贫困而失学。加之家长对子女教育越来越重视，送孩子上学成了自觉行动。我国小学入学率从2001年99.1%到2011年的99.8%，一直保持着稳定增长状态。

The officials say,In 2011,,National rural compulsory education students start nutrition improvement plan,In concentrated special difficult areas pilot,Born in accordance with each every three yuan standards for about 26 million students provide nutrition meal allowance.The implementation of these policies,Ensure the not to let a student by poverty and drop out of school.Together with parents to their children education pay more and more attention to,Send their children to school became self-conscious action.Our primary school enrollment rate from 99.1% in 2001 to 99.8% in 2011,Always maintained a steady growth state.

　　

焦点回应 Focus response

　　

小学辍学率有没有大幅度反弹？ Primary school dropout rates have greatly rebound?

　　

辍学率一直稳定在1%以内 Dropout rates have been stable in 1% less than

　　

教育部不再公布辍学率 The ministry of education announced no longer dropout rates

　　教育部有关负责人称，2005年前，教育部依据1991年颁布的《中国教育监测与评价统计指标体系(试行)》发布小学辍学率。

The ministry of education officials say,2005 years ago,According to the ministry of education promulgated in 1991 by the[China's education monitoring and evaluation index system of statistics(trial)]Release elementary school dropout rates.

　　2006年后，随着义务教育普及程度的提高，小学辍学率一直稳定控制在1%以内，义务教育工作重点从普及转向巩固提高，因此教育部不再公布小学年度辍学率，但国家对此问题依然十分重视。

2006 years later,Along with the popularization of compulsory education degree rise,Primary school dropout rates have been stability control within 1%,Compulsory education work focus from popularity to consolidate improve,Therefore the ministry of education no longer elementary school dropout rates published year,But the state still attached great importance to this problem.

　　

学者套用原有计算方法 Scholars form the original calculation method

　　近年来，我国义务教育学生流动性不断增强，流动规模也逐年增大，学生个体流动情况难以及时掌握。

In recent years,Our country compulsory education students enhance liquidity,Flow scale also has been increasing year by year,The student individual flow situation difficult to master in time.

　　2006年以前使用的辍学率计算方法没有考虑到学生大规模流动因素，因此国家层面上的统计已不再使用这种计算方法，正转向通过建立电子学籍系统等方式加强对学生就学情况的监控。某些机构和学者虽然就我国小学阶段辍学率问题进行了研究，但由于他们不掌握义务教育整体情况，依然套用原有辍学率计算方法，因此不能客观真实反映各地学生的流失情况，得出的全国辍学率数据也不准确。

2006 years ago the dropout rates used calculation method doesn't take into account the student mass flow factors,So the national level statistics already no longer use this kind of calculation method,Through the establishment of school is to electronic system, and so on ways to strengthen school students of monitoring.Some organizations and scholars although is our primary school dropout rates stage is discussed,But because they do not have the obligation education overall situation,Still applying calculation method of original dropout rates,So can't reflect the objective truth of the students all across the drain,Concluded the data dropout rates is not accurate.

　　1994年原国家教委发布《普及义务教育评估验收暂行办法》，规定小学在校生年辍学率控制在1%以下。自进入新世纪的10多年以来，虽然辍学率随年份会出现一定的波动，但都没有高于1%的国家控制线。

In 1994 the former state education commission issued[The compulsory education assessment acceptance interim measures],Provisions in primary school students dropout rates control under 1%.Since entering the new century since more than ten years,Although dropout rates with the year will appear a certain fluctuation,But to no higher than 1% of the state line.

　　

农村学校布局调整是否为学生辍学主因？ The layout and adjustment of the countryside school whether students drop out for the cause?

　　

学校布局规划报备前暂停撤并 The school layout before submit should stop

　　教育部有关负责人称，随着我国进城务工人员随迁子女逐年增加、农村人口出生率持续降低，各地对农村义务教育学校进行了布局调整和撤并，总体上改善了办学条件。但农村义务教育学校大幅减少，导致部分学生上学路途变远、交通安全隐患增加，学生家庭经济负担加重，并带来农村寄宿制学校不足、一些城镇学校班额过大等问题。

The ministry of education officials say,With China's migrant workers SuiQian children has increased year by year/The rural population birth rate continues to drop,For rural compulsory education school all the layout adjustment and merging,On the whole have improved the school running conditions.But rural compulsory education school is greatly reduced,Cause part of students to school become far way/Traffic safety hidden danger increases,Students family economic burden,And bring the rural residential school shortage/Some towns school class problems such as excessive amount.

　　

保证学生能就近入学 Ensure that students can came near to the entrance

　　今年9月，国务院办公厅印发《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》，要求县级政府要制定农村义务教育学校布局专项规划，报国家教育体制改革领导小组备案，在完成备案之前，暂停农村义务教育学校撤并。合理确定县域内教学点、村小学、中心小学、初中学校布局，保证学生能够就近入学。严格规范学校撤并程序和行为，确因生源减少需要撤并学校的，必须严格履行撤并方案的制定、论证、公示、报批等程序。

September this year,Issued by the general office of the state council[Rural compulsory education on regulating the school layout adjustment opinion],At or above the county level for the government to formulate rural compulsory education school special planning layout,The state education system reform leading group for the record,In the finish before the record,Suspend rural compulsory education school merging.Reasonable county in teaching school/Village elementary school/Center primary school/Junior middle school layout,Ensure that students can came near to the entrance.Strict school merging procedures and behavior,Students need to really due to the reduced merger of the school,Must strictly fulfill the merger plan formulation/argument/public/Approval procedures such as.

　　

保障1-3年级学生不寄宿 Security 1-3 grade students don't boarding

　　教育部有关负责人表示，会尽快建立国家教育信息化平台与省级教育行政部门对接的电子学籍管理系统，构建以居住地学龄人口为基准的义务教育管理和公共服务机制，加强对学生动向的监管，及时准确掌握学生就学与流动情况。

The ministry of education related person in charge said,As soon as possible the establishment of a national education information platform and the provincial education administrative departments butt electronic student status management system,To construct the residence school-age population for reference obligation education management and public service mechanism,To strengthen the supervision of the trend of students,Timely and accurate grasp students learn and flow situation.

　　教育部要求各地开展专题部署，从明确保障农村小学1至3年级学生原则上不寄宿，就近走读上学的政策等方面制定具体实施意见。

The ministry of education requires all carry out special deployment,From clear guarantee rural primary school 1 to 3 grade students in principle not boarding,Nearby day school policy to formulate concrete implementation opinion.

　　

对话 dialogue

　　

“教学点过度撤并导致小学生辍学” "School should lead to excessive students drop out"

　　21世纪教育研究院院长称，地方上撤并学校存在节省教育财政支出动机

The 21st century education research institute President said,Local school merging existing save education expenditure motivation

　　在日前举行的“21世纪教育论坛”上，21世纪教育研究院发布一份名为《农村学校布局调整政策的评价与反思》的报告。河北省教育厅巡视员、中国教育学会农村教育分会理事长韩清林透露，近四年来全国小学辍学率大幅度回升，“2011年辍学率8.8‰，这与1999年的辍学水平大体相当。”

In the recently held"The 21st century education BBS"on,The 21st century education institute issued a name[The rural school layout adjustment policy evaluation and reflection]report.Hebei province education department inspector/China education society of rural education branch HanQingLin revealed,In the last four years the national primary school dropout rates rebounded significantly,"In 2011, 8.8 dropout rates‰,The 1999 level is approximately equal to drop out."

　　昨日，教育部有关负责人否认“小学辍学率回到十年前”，并称“某些机构和学者不掌握义务教育整体情况，依然套用原有辍学率计算方法，因此不能客观真实反映各地学生的流失情况，得出的全国辍学率数据也不准确。”

yesterday,The ministry of education officials deny"Primary school dropouts return to ten years ago",said"Some organizations and scholars don't grasp the compulsory education overall situation,Still applying calculation method of original dropout rates,So can't reflect the objective truth of the students all across the drain,Concluded the data dropout rates is not accurate."

　　对此，新京报采访了主持报告发布的21世纪教育研究院院长杨东平。

this,The Beijing news interviewed host report of the 21st century education research institute President YangDongPing.

　　“辍学率算法很复杂”

"Dropout rates algorithm is very complex"

　　新京报：怎么看教育部对辍学率以及农村义务教育“撤点并校”评估报告的回复？

The Beijing news:How to see the ministry of education for rural compulsory education and dropout rates"From point BingJiao"Assessment report reply?

　　杨东平：教育部态度比较积极，一直很清楚这个问题，所以从2006年开始印发文件，要求各地避免盲目撤并学校。

YangDongPing:The ministry of education with a more positive attitude,Has been very aware of the problem,So since 2006 document issued by,Requires all should avoid blind school.

　　今年9月，国务院办公厅印发了《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》。这些突出问题，我们评估报告里都提到了，并且更深入更广泛。

September this year,Issued by the general office of the state council the[Rural compulsory education on regulating the school layout adjustment opinion].These problems,We assessment report are mentioned,And further more widely.

　　新京报：你们注意到辍学率统计方法的变化了吗？

The Beijing news:Have you noticed the statistical method of dropout rates change?

　　杨东平：我们的数据也在1%以内，辍学率计算比较复杂，尤其是大样本计算。我们引用的数据不是直接调查，而是韩清林的研究数据。他考虑过人口流动较频繁的因素，考虑过这两种不同算法，他也将自己的算法向教育部提供过。其实这两种声音存在就行，因为这个过程很复杂。

YangDongPing:Our data is within 1%,Dropout rates computation is complicated,Especially large sample calculation.We quoted data is not direct investigations,But HanQingLin research data.He considered population flow more frequent factors,Consider the two different algorithms,He will also own algorithm to the ministry of education have provided.In fact the two sound existence will do,Because the process is very complex.

　　新京报：导致农村小学生辍学原因都有哪些？

The Beijing news:Lead to rural primary school students drop out what are the reasons?

　　杨东平：从韩清林的调查而言，主因就是大量撤并教学点。

YangDongPing:From the investigation of HanQingLin concerned,Main reason is a large number of merger of teaching school.

　　因为撤除的教学点都在交通较偏僻的地方。他的调查显示，教学点撤除最多的省份包括广西、内蒙古、新疆、西藏、甘肃、宁夏等，这些都是辍学率上升最明显的地方。他的调查显示，辍学的主要是小学一、二年级学生，就是因为教学点撤除，一、二年级学生难以上学。

Because the school made in traffic more remote places.His survey,Teaching school to remove most of the provinces including guangxi/Inner Mongolia/xinjiang/Tibet/gansu/Ningxia and other,These are the dropout rates rise the most obvious places.His survey,The school is mainly a primary school/The second grade students,Is because teaching school to remove,a/The second grade students to go to school.

　　“撤点并校动机违背初衷”

"From point BingJiao motivation against original intention"

　　新京报：因生源减少就该撤并学校吗？

The Beijing news:For students to reduce the merger of school?

　　杨东平：生源减少是撤并学校的基本动机。上世纪80年代村村办小学，最近这些年，如果一个村只有几个学生，就把周围的几个村学校合并成一个。

YangDongPing:Students should reduce the basic motive for school.In the 1980 s to the village primary school,Recent years,If a village only a few students,Around the several village schools merged into one.

　　如今，受城市化影响较大的地方，家长进城打工把小孩带走，相当多的地方是以乡镇为中心来布局小学和初中。但中国情况差别很大，还有很多非常偏远的山区、牧区和交通不便的偏远地区，还是要根据各地实际情况，保障农村儿童能就近入学。

now,By urbanization influence a bigger place,Parents the child take away the migrant workers,Quite a number of local villages and towns as the center to layout in elementary school and junior high school.But the Chinese are quite different,There are many very remote mountainous area/Pastoral areas and traffic inconvenience remote areas,According to the actual situation or around,Guarantee rural children came near to the entrance.

　　但撤并学校的动因慢慢改变了。地方上的撤并规模为何越来越大？有两个比较明显的动机：第一，可减少地方教育财政支出，很多县原来有两三百农村学校，撤并后建成几十所，一年可以省一两千万元。第二，2008年以来，通过学校进城、学生进城，来拉动县镇城市化率，这时候撤并学校已不再是出于学生减少的原因了。

But should the school agent slowly changed.Local merger scale why more and more big?There are two obvious motivation:The first,Can reduce the local education expenditure,A lot of county was one of 2300 rural schools,After the merger of scores of built,A year can save 12000 ten thousand yuan.The second,Since 2008,Through the school into the city/Students into the city,To drive the county urbanization rate,At this time should the school is no longer for students to reduce the reason.

　　如果是学生减少的动机推动，那应该是学生减少一半，学校也减少一半，但现在是学校的减幅远大于学生的减幅，所以就偏离了初衷。

If is the student reduced motive,The students should be reduced by half,The school also reduced by half,But now is a school damped great student's damping,So have been turned away from the original intention.

　　本版采写/新京报记者 郭少峰 邓琦

This collection &composition/Beijing news reporter GuoShaoFeng DengQi

      

      独家策划： Exclusive planning:

     

     后撤点并校时代 农村教育何去何从 Retreat point BingJiao age rural education what course to follow

      2000年到2010年，在我国农村，平均每一天就要消失63所小学、30个教学点、3所初中，几乎每过一小时，消失4所农村学校。2001年国务院出台《国务院关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》文件后，"撤点并校"狂风骤雨般横扫中国广袤农村，成为地方政府的"狂欢"。"没有学校的村庄就像没有孩子的家庭"，十年后，农村没了读书声，没了生气，没了希望，剩下的只有老人和狗…… [点击查看]

      From 2000 to 2010,In China's rural,On an average day will disappear 63 primary school/30 teaching school/3 junior high school,Almost every one hour,Disappear four rural schools.In 2001, the state council issued[The state council on the foundation education reform and development decision]documents,"From point BingJiao"The torrential rain swept China as the vast rural areas,Become a local government"carnival"."No school village is like no child family",After ten years,Rural didn't loud,Didn't angry,Don't hope,That left only the old man and the dog…… [click the check]

     

     利弊：农村中小学"撤点并校"的十年之痛 Advantages and disadvantages:Rural primary and secondary schools"From point BingJiao"Ten years of pain

      大规模"学校进城"后，导致学生上学远、上学贵、上学难。

      large-scale"The school into the city"after,Causes students to go to school far/School your/School difficult.

     

     现状：农村教育"城挤、乡弱、村空"危局 status:Rural education"City crowded/Township weak/Village empty"Crisis of

      在这场竞赛中，有村民吃力的跟上了队伍，那些贫困的村民终被抛弃。

      In this competition,The villagers have laboured keep up with the team,Those poor villagers will be abandoned.

     

     痛心：留守儿童、农村女童谁在漠视他们的存在 hurts:Left-behind children/Rural girl who ignore their existence

      震惊的毕节五少年"被闷死"事件，4人辍学，若他们有学上就不会死…… [点击查看]

      Shock bijie WuShao years"suffocated"events,Four people to drop out,If they have learn to go up would not have died…… [click the check]

     

     关爱：我们庆幸还有一缕缕曙光照向那里 love:We rejoice and bits of dawn according to there

      请记住这些人，因为有他们的爱，农村孩子的世界才不那么单一和绝望

      Please remember that these people,Because of their love,Rural children's world is not so single and despair