从4月5日国务院颁布《校车安全管理条例》以来，政策缓冲期已经过去了半年多。全国各地校车是否已经如愿上路？中国青年报记者近日就此调查探访了31个省、自治区及直辖市的教育部门。

From April 5, issued by the state council[The school bus safety management regulations]since,Policy cushioning period has passed more than half a year.All parts of the country have on the school bus wish?The China youth daily recently, reporters visited the investigation in 31 provinces/Autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government education department.

　　

各地校车安全细则集体“难产”，“过渡期限”到哪天？ School bus safety rules around the collective"dystocia","Transition period"To which day?

　　《校车安全管理条例》出台后，各地都纷纷表示，要尽快制定《校车安全管理条例》的实施细则。半年过去了，这些省区市的政策制定情况如何？

[The school bus safety management regulations]Issued after,Have all said,As soon as possible to make[The school bus safety management regulations]Detailed rules for the implementation of the.Half a year passed,These policies between provincial situation how?

　　校车制造厂家表示，之所以这么多新校车上不了牌照，主要是因为《校车安全管理条例》在地方层面受到了阻碍。对于当前的校车困境，有民办学校校长不解：“为校车办个正式‘身份’，怎么就那么困难？”

The school bus manufacturers said,The reason so many new school bus won't licence,Mainly because[The school bus safety management regulations]In the local level hampered.For the current school bus dilemma,A private school principal don't understand:"For the school bus do a formal‘identity’,Why is it so difficult?"

　　遗憾的是，据中国青年报记者统计，仍停留在“近期将尽快出台政策”的省区市，占绝大多数。

It is a pity that,According to the China youth daily reporter statistics,Still stay in"The recent policy as soon as possible"These of,To account for the vast majority.

　　2011年11月16日，甘肃省正定县发生20死44伤的幼儿园校车事故，震惊全国。目前，该省发布了校车安全实施细则办法草案，还在征求意见阶段。

On nov 16, 2011,Gansu province ZhengDingXian happened 20 death and injury kindergarten school bus accident,Shocked the.At present,The province issued a school bus safety to the detailed rules for the implementation of the draft,Also in for advice stage.

　　同样在征求意见阶段的有黑龙江省、陕西省、宁夏回族自治区。宁夏回族自治区教育厅体育卫生艺术处工作人员告诉记者：“第一轮的各部门意见已经收集完成，正在整理。接下来要根据教育部安全研讨会的最新情况，进行调整，预计实施意见将在11月发布。”

Also in for advice stage of heilongjiang province/Shaanxi province/Ningxia hui autonomous region.Ningxia hui autonomous region sports health education in art staff, told reporters:"The first round of the various departments opinions have been collected,Are finishing.The next according to ministry of education to the latest situation of the security conference,adjusted,Is expected to implement Suggestions will be released in November."

　　江苏、江西、吉林、广西四省区出台了针对校车的工作意见，但未出台具体实施细则。吉林省教育厅安全处卢处长告诉记者，去年9月，吉林省人民政府办公厅出台了《关于进一步加强全省中小学生上下学交通安全工作的意见》，今年也发布了通知，“现在还在摸索阶段，今年年底或明年年初准备再出一个实施细则”。

jiangsu/jiangxi/jilin/Guangxi four provinces issued according to the work of the school bus opinion,But not on specific implementation rules.Jilin provincial safety place Lou director told reporters,Last September,Jilin provincial people's government office issued[On further strengthening the primary and middle school students ShangXiaXue traffic safety work opinion],This year also issued a notice,"Now is still in groping stage,At the end of this year or early next year going to the detailed rules for the implementation of a".

　　较为新颖的是，10月25日，《广西壮族自治区关于校车安全管理工作的实施意见》提出，要按规定配备具有行驶记录功能的卫星定位装置，实时监控校车运行。

Relatively novel is,On October 25,,[The guangxi zhuang autonomous region on the school bus safety management of the implementation opinions]Put forward,According to provisions has equipped with driving record function of satellite positioning device,Real-time monitoring the school bus operation.

　　目前，已颁布较细实施办法的，仅有上海、重庆、青海、浙江4个省、直辖市。

At present,Has promulgated the measures for the implementation of a fine,Only Shanghai/chongqing/qinghai/Zhejiang 4 provinces/Municipality directly under the.

　　地方没有出台细则，会产生哪些问题？

Place where there is no issued rules,What problems will produce?

　　今年8月，一所小学花费23万余元买了新校车，却上不了牌照，只能长期搁置在废旧车场。这样的事发生在广州市，只因为广东省和广州市的校车安全条例实施细则尚未出台，车管所无法上牌照。

August,A primary school spent more than 230000 yuan to buy the new school bus,But don't licence,Only long-term shelved in waste yard.Such a thing happened in guangzhou,Just because guangdong province and guangzhou city bus safety regulations of the detailed rules for the implementation of has not yet come,Vehicle administration office cannot on license plate.

　　在广州，不仅新校车无法上牌，旧校车也面临尴尬。广州市公安局交警支队副支队长曾在网上公开表示，广州2700多辆校车，“没有一辆符合新的国家标准”。

In guangzhou,Not only the new school bus cannot go up card,The old school bus is facing awkwardness.Guangzhou city public security bureau traffic police detachment deputy division marshal have said publicly that on the Internet,Guangzhou more than 2700 school bus,"No one accord with the new national standard".

　　如何解决这一矛盾？《校车安全管理条例》规定：用于接送小学生、幼儿的专用校车不能满足需求的，在“省级政府规定的过渡期限内”，可以使用取得校车标牌的“其他载客汽车”。

How to solve this contradiction?[The school bus safety management regulations]provisions:Used to shuttle pupils/Children's special school bus can't meet the demand,in"The provincial government regulations of transition period",Can be used to obtain the school bus sign"Other passenger car".

　　目前，重庆市、上海市、浙江省规定了非专用校车过渡期。上海规定为1年，重庆、浙江规定为3年。比如重庆市规定，使用过渡期是“从2012年9月1日至2015年8月31日”。“有条件的区县（自治县）可尽快更换非专用校车，过渡期后，用于接送小学生、幼儿的校车必须为符合国家标准的专用校车。”

At present,chongqing/Shanghai/Zhejiang stipulates not special school bus transition.Shanghai provisions for 1 year,chongqing/Zhejiang provisions for 3 years.Such as chongqing provisions,Use transition is"From September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2015"."Conditional area county(Autonomous county)As soon as possible can replace the special school bus,After the transition period,Used to shuttle pupils/Children's school bus must comply with national standards for the special school bus."

　　诸多省级细则未出台的市、县，则面临无奈。如广东省肇庆市的细则不得不说：“目前，在省政府没有明确过渡期限的前提下，为避免在实施《校车条例》的过程中引发社会不安定因素，允许用于接送小学生、幼儿的校车可以使用取得校车标牌的其他载客汽车，公安部门在核发校车标牌时应注明‘在广东省人民政府规定的过渡期限内使用’。”

Many provincial rules not on the introduction of the city/county,Is face but.Guangdong zhaoqing city as the rules have to say:"At present,In the provincial government no clear under the premise of the transition period,To avoid in the implementation[School bus regulations]In the process of the trigger social unrest element,Allow for shuttle pupils/Children's school bus can be used to obtain the school bus sign other passenger car,The public security department issued by the school bus in sign should be marked‘In guangdong province people's government regulations of transition period use’."

　　

各省市如何“校车优先”大盘点 Provinces how to"School bus priority"Large inventory

　　针对已经出台较细实施办法的四省市，中国青年报记者对照盘点了其中“之最”。

According to have issued a fine measures for the implementation of the four provinces and cities,The China youth daily reporter control of inventory"most".

　　最“快马加鞭”的是浙江省。该省人民政府办公厅在今年5月27日颁布《浙江省学生交通安全保障工程实施办法》，在速度上拔得了全国“头筹”。

The most"posthaste"Is zhejiang province.The province people's government office on May 27, promulgated[Zhejiang students traffic safety guarantee measures for the implementation of the project],In speed drawing got national"number".

　　最“开门见山”的是青海省。引人注目的，是把“任何单位和个人不得使用或租用拼装或者达到报废标准的机动车接送学生和幼儿”放在了一开头的第五条。

The most"Come straight to the point"Of qinghai province is.compelling,Is the"No unit or individual may use or leased to assembly or rejection standard motor vehicle transfers students and young children"In the beginning of the article 5.

　　最“有始有终”的是上海市。四个省市中，上海是唯一详细设立了校车退出机制的地方。规定细到了天数，避免废旧校车仍能上路：“取得校车标牌的车辆因故不再作为校车使用的，学校应当在15天内，到所在区县教育部门办理注销手续。同时，将校车标牌交回公安交通管理部门。自有校车的颜色必须在30天内消除。”

The most"Stead fast"Is Shanghai.Four provinces and cities in,Shanghai is the only set up a school bus in detail from the place of the mechanism.Provisions to fine days,Avoid waste school bus can still hit the road:"Made the school bus plate of the vehicle stopped as the use of the school bus,The school shall, within 15 days,To place area county education department the deregistration procedure.At the same time,Will the school bus plate return to public security traffic management department.The color of the private school bus must be in 30 days to eliminate."

　　最“校车总动员”的是重庆市。校车安全管理工作主要由教育部门和公安交管部门负责，但重庆市的文件却一一点名了市委宣传部、发展改革委、经济信息委、司法局、财政局、规划局、交委、国税局、地税局、质监局、文化广电局、安监局、市政府法制办、新闻办、保监局、总工会、团市委、妇联、关工委……

The most"School bus general mobilization"Is chongqing.The school bus safety management work mainly by education department and the public security traffic department is responsible for,But chongqing's file but the municipal party committee propaganda department one call/Development and reform commission/Economic information committee/Justice bureau/Bureau of finance/Planning bureau/SEC/irs/Tax bureau/Pledges inspect bureau/Culture broadcaster/Safety supervision bureau/The municipal government legislative/Information office/Protects inspect bureau to/Federation of trade unions/pku/Women's federation/Closes working committee……

　　为何一辆校车，要动员这么多部门？中国青年报记者统计，该市多达7个部门分担了“普及安全教育”的职责。而其他省市的细则中，这一职责多由教育部门承担。

Why a school bus,To mobilize so many departments?The China youth daily reporter statistics,The city as many as seven departments Shared"Safety education popularization"duty.And other provinces and cities in the rules,This responsibility is much by education department to assume.

　　

校车厚账本，“如何买单”是关键 School bus thick books,"How to pay"Is the key

　　各地校车安全条例细则为何“难产？究其原因，经济账难算，可以说是一大痼疾。

All the school bus safety regulations"dystocia?Investigate its reason,JingJiZhang difficult to calculate,Can be said to be a chronic illness.

　　在采访中，尚未出台细则的某省教育厅工作人员坦承，校车经费是“有待进一步研究”的难点。

In the interview,Has not yet issued rules province education department staff admits,School bus funds is"Further research"The difficulties of.

　　正规校车与整天运营的公交车不同，只在上下学时间开动，其他时间只能闲置。司机工资、维修保养费用通常入不敷出，不小的费用常“分摊”到学校、家长头上。这也使得校车在经济欠发达地区，长年难以普及。

Normal school bus and operation of all different bus,Only in ShangXiaXue time start,Other time can only idle.Driver's salary/Maintenance costs usually make ends meet,A lot of cost often"allocation"To school/Parents head.This also makes the school bus in the undeveloped areas,Years hard to popularization.

　　根据《校车安全管理条例》，从中央到地方政府，都有为校车投入经费的义务。但这位工作人员解释：“因为中央还没有出台具体的补贴政策，我们就不好出台，所以还在等待国家进一步的政策。”

According to[The school bus safety management regulations],From the central to the local government,For the school bus is the obligation of investment funds.But the staff explained:"Because the central has not issued specific subsidy policy,We will not come,So it is waiting for the country further policy."

　　这笔钱现在谁来出？各地都采取了“新招”。

The money now who come out?Taken all over"The new recruit".

　　在浙江省，校车资金以政府投入为主，“除了学生家长需要承担的正常乘车费用”，校车的后期维护费用也由政府承担。为此，浙江省财政还设立专项奖励性补助，每年花1个亿来保证学生交通安全保障工程的实施。

In zhejiang province,The school bus government investment funds is given priority to,"In addition to the parents of the students need to undertake normal ride costs",The school bus later maintenance costs also undertake by the government.therefore,Zhejiang finance also set up a special JiangLiXing subsidies,Spend a year in to ensure that students traffic safety guarantee the implementation of the project.

　　校车究竟有多费钱？浙江省教育厅校园安全管理处处长潘伟川给中国青年报记者算了一笔账。

The school bus how costly?Zhejiang provincial department of campus safety management PanWeiChuan director to the China youth daily reporter calculate a bill.

　　据潘处长估算，如果采用购买专业校车的方式，浙江省需要1万多辆校车。按每辆车20万元计算，购买费用将达到20亿元。此外，每辆校车每年的运营成本约为8到10万元。这样算来，每年全省校车的运营成本将达到8亿元之多。

According to pan director general estimation,If the purchase professional school bus way,Zhejiang need more than 10000 school bus.According to each car 200000 yuan calculation,Buy will cost up to 2 billion yuan.In addition,Each school bus annual operation cost is about eight to 100000 yuan.Such calculating come,Every year the school bus operation cost will reach 800 million yuan more than the.

　　在实施学生交通安全保障工程期间，浙江省成立了专门领导小组，并且专门请物价部门核定校车票价。“基本上是一趟一元钱。在杭州，普通公交车的票价也是一元一趟，空调车则是两元一趟。”这样，家长基本不承担校车运营费用。

In the implementation of student traffic security during the project,Zhejiang province has established a special leading group,And special please commodity price departments approved school bus fare."Is basically a trip to a dollar money.In hangzhou,Ordinary the bus fare is also a yuan a trip,Unit is two yuan a trip."this,Parents basic does not assume the school bus operating costs.

　　“一年8亿元，即使对经济相对发达的浙江省来说，这仍然是一笔大投资。”潘伟川说，“而且，校车企业的生产能力是有限的，一口气购置这么多校车也不现实。学校想买都买不到”。

"A year is 800 million yuan,Even for economy is relatively developed for zhejiang province,It is still a big investment."PanWeiChuan said,"and,The school bus enterprise production capacity is limited,Breath acquisition so many school bus is not reality.Schools want to buy all can't buy".

　　因此，现阶段，“公交化为主、购置校车为辅”也成为一条探索的路径。

therefore,At present,"Mainly applied/Purchase an ounce of prevention is worth a school bus"Also become a exploring path.

　　已经出台细则的各省市都提出，“具备通车条件的，鼓励依托公共交通替代校车”。各地政府提出了延伸公交线路、增设公交站点，希望更多由公交公司或专业运输公司承担学生上下学的接送任务。

Have introduced rules provinces are put forward,"Have to traffic condition,Encourage relying on public traffic alternative school bus".The local government put forward extension bus lines/Additional bus stations,Hope that more by bus company or professional transportation company is responsible for the students ShangXiaXue transfers from the task.

　　青海省、上海市的具体细则里，则提出了“校车可租赁”。

Qinghai province/The specific rules of Shanghai in,Is put forward"School bus can lease".

　　青海省初步规定，租用校车由“政府公开招标”，确定承运商。但具体如何实施，还未有下文。上海市则只规定，校车可以由取得资质的学校自己租赁。对于需要租赁校车的学校，除向区县教育部门提交自购校车需提交的相关材料外，还应提交校车服务提供者的客运经营许可证、租赁合同。

Preliminary provisions of qinghai province,Leased by school bus"The government public bidding",Sure carrier.But specific how to implement,Haven't below.Shanghai is only stipulate,The school bus can qualification by the schools themselves lease.For the need to lease the school bus school,In addition to area county education department for purchase from the school bus need to submit relevant materials outside,They should submit the school bus service provider passenger business licenses/Lease contract.

　　重庆市则鼓励市场，“成立校车公司”。“各区县政府应拓宽校车服务保障渠道，积极推进客运企业、公交企业、有资质的个体经营者提供专用校车公司服务。”

Chongqing is encourage market,"School bus company was established"."All district/county governments should broaden the school bus service security channel,Actively promote passenger transportation enterprise/Bus enterprise/A qualified individual operators to provide special school bus service."

　　“公交普及化，能够比较快速地解决上下学的安全问题。毕竟公交公司本来就是运营企业，运营专业化程度比较高，公交化在财力上要求也较低，有利于快速推开，让更多的孩子安全地上学。” 潘伟川说。

"Bus universalness,Can be quickly ShangXiaXue solve security problems.After all, it is the bus company operating companies,Operation specialization degree is higher,Applied in financial requirements is also lower,To push away quickly,Let more children go to school safely." PanWeiChuan said.

　　（《 中国青年报 》 2012年11月30日 03 版）

([ The China youth daily ] On November 30, 2012 the edition)