人们也常说，中国的孩子在家里最受关注，多个人围着孩子“转”的状况下，家长们的力气是否真用在了点上？

People often say,Chinese children are of the greatest concern at home,Many people around the child"turn"Under the condition of,Parents strength is really in the a?

　　这里，有教育理念需要进步、更新、科学化的问题。于是近年来，家庭教育类图书，成了出版界一个热门板块。而教育的话题，似乎永远受关注，也永远说不尽。其中就有对一些具体问题往往从经验和思想出发，难以给出较具普遍性和说服力实证的原因。

here,Have education concept need to progress/update/Scientific problems.So in recent years,Family education class books,Become the press a hot plate.And the topic of education,Never seem to concern,Never say enough.Among them for some specific problems often from experience and viewpoints,Given a hard with universality and convincing empirical reasons.

是与非 Is not and

“别让孩子输在起跑线上”？ "Don't let children lose in the starting line"?

　　近年来，“别让孩子输在起跑线上”这一口号，可谓响彻大江南北，它的急促、焦虑，使各种早教班、家长忙忙碌碌，也使孩子在很年幼时，就早早套上了学习的“夹板”。尹建莉通过多年的教育实践，认为这一观点存在着误区，而在洪兰这里，打破这一观点找到了实证。

In recent years,"Don't let children lose in the starting line"The slogan,It may be said from the great river north and south,Its rapid/anxiety,To make all kinds of class early/Parents busy,Also make the child in the very young,Early on the set of learning"plywood".YinJianLi through the years of education practice,Think this view there is misunderstanding,And in d.l. hung here,To break this view found empirical.

　　洪兰表示：“在我念书的时候，有一个重要的生物教条，就是大脑的神经元死了后不会再生，不像皮肤的细胞会不停地代谢。这就是让孩子赶早不赶晚学习的误区的根源。但是，在20世纪70年代末期，研究鸟类的比较心理学家发现，公鸟唱歌的神经元在秋天生育季节结束后就萎缩了，但到第二年的春天又长出新的神经元来。如果鸟是如此，那么，人的神经元有再生的可能吗？1998年，瑞典医生艾瑞克森在鼻咽癌病人的大脑中看到掌管记忆的海马回的齿回神经细胞在显微镜底下发亮，表示是病人在注射了放射性的水BrdU（这是一种蛋白质，如果要长新的神经元需要用到它）之后才生出的，显示人类大脑中也有神经细胞再生，原来的教条这才被推翻。虽然目前并不知道人类大脑的海马回每天有多少新细胞诞生，但是从成年老鼠的实验中知道，每天有5000至10000个新细胞出生，所以我们不必担心‘老狗不能学新把戏’，我们终身都可以学习。”

D.l. hung said:"In my school,Have an important biological dogma,Is the brain neurons after dead not renewable,Don't like the skin cells kept metabolism.This is to let the children don't catch out late learning the source of error.but,In the 1970 s,The comparison of study birds psychologists have found that,The male bird singing neurons in the autumn season birth after the atrophy,But in the second year spring and grow new neurons to.If the bird is so,so,The neurons have regeneration of possible?In 1998,,Sweden's doctor Eric in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients seen in the brain of the hippocampus in charge of memory tooth nerve cells under the microscope to shine,The patient said is injected with the radioactive water BrdU(This is a kind of protein,If want to grow new neurons need to use it)After the birth,Display the human brain also have nerve cell regeneration,The original "it was overthrown.Although at present did not know the human brain the hippocampus every day how many new cell was born,But from adult rat experiments know,Every day there are 5000 to 10000 new cell was born,So we don't have to worry about‘An old dog cannot learn new tricks’,We can all learn to life."

　　洪兰介绍了另一个实验结果，美国最近有一个实验，请大学生到实验室来学杂技团的抛球。先扫描一次大脑，然后让他们练习到能同时抛接三个球，并达到持续一分钟不落地才可以停止，这时再扫描一次大脑；受试者回去休息三个月，不碰触球后，再回到实验室来扫描一次大脑。当实验者把三张不同时期的大脑图摆在一起作比较时，很明显地看出第二张图的顶叶掌管空间运动的地方有些特别活化，血流量增多，区域变大；持续三个月不练习，那个地方又缩小了。因为这些大学生已经超越了青春期，所以这个实验很清楚地指出：人类大脑可以因外在环境的需求而改变内在工作的分配，就像一个成功的企业，它内部的机动性很大，会随时因市场需求而调配人力。因此认为人的大脑过了青春期就定型了、不可改变的观念是完全错误的，大脑的可塑性是终身的，人终其一生不停地因新的经验而不停地重塑他的大脑。所以家长没必要让孩子在起跑线上争先后，人生好似马拉松，起跑早晚都能赢。

D.l. hung introduces another experiment results,The United States a recent experiment,Please college students to the laboratory to learn acrobatic troupe of throw the ball.First a brain scan,Then let them to practice can also cast joint three goals,And for a minute to not be born to stop,At this time to scan a brain;Subjects to bed for three months,Don't touch the ball,Back to the laboratory to scan a brain.When the experimenter put three different period of the brain in comparison with the figure,It was clear that the second picture of the parietal lobe over space motion place some special activation,Increased blood flow,Area bigger;For three months without practice,The place and narrowed.Because these students have beyond puberty,So the experiment very clearly pointed out:The human brain by the needs of the external environment and change the distribution of inner work,As a successful enterprise,It is a internal mobility,Will at any time for the market demand and allocate human.So that the human brain after puberty is finalized the design/Do not change the idea is completely wrong,The brain's plasticity is lifelong,People throughout his life kept for new experience and constantly reshape his brain.So parents don't have to let the child in the starting line for successively,Life is like a marathon,The morning and evening can win.

“开发右脑开发潜能”？ "Development right brain development potential"?

　　洪兰经过多年的研究，认为坊间充斥的右脑开发、潜能开发是谬论。她表示：“一直以来有一种说法，似乎也得到了广泛的认同，那就是：左脑指挥右边的肢体，右脑指挥左边的肢体；反过来，左边的肢体活动带动右脑，右边的肢体活动带动左脑。因为人们通常较少使用左手，所以会造成右脑不够发达。”洪兰教授通过国内外大量实验科学的例证，阐述道：“幼儿的脑是同步发展的，没有右脑先启动带动左脑的任何证据。脑的可塑性比我们想象的大：就算孩子幼时脑有损伤，通过正常的那边脑也会把受伤的那边脑的功能接收过来处理；即使在成年后才受伤，复健仍有相当的功效。英国有一位小儿科医生，追踪了500名水脑症儿童的智力发展，直到他们30岁。他发现只要损坏是渐进性的，对智力都没有很大的影响。”

D.l. hung after years of research,Think of urban development with right brain/Potential development is a fallacy.She said:"Always have a kind of view,Seems to have been widely recognized,That is:Left brain command right limbs,Members of the left brain command;In turn,The left limbs activities drive the right brain,The right body activities drive the left brain.Because people often use less left hand,So will cause the underdevelopment of right brain."D.l. hung by a large number of experimental science professor at home and abroad the example,This way:"Children's brain is synchronous development,No right to start drive any evidence left brain.Brain plasticity than we might think:Even if the child was a brain damage,Through the normal to the other side of the brain would also hurt the other side of the brain function to receive treatment;Even in the adult only after injury,Rehabilitation still has considerable effect.Britain has a paediatrician,Tracked 500 water brain disorder children's intelligence development,Until they 30.He found that as long as the damage is progressive,To have great influence on intelligence."

　　此外，洪兰介绍道，在解剖学上，两只眼睛的左半部投射出去是右视野，右视野到左脑；两只眼睛的右半部投射出去是左视野，左视野到右脑。并非右眼到左脑，左眼到右脑。所以叫孩子遮盖一只眼去启发另一边脑完全是无稽之谈。但是直到现在，还有人叫孩子用左手写字、遮盖右眼来启发右脑，完全不了解大脑是个合作无间的脑，只要中间的桥胼胝体没有被剪断，信息的交换就是快速无碍的。左手只能锻炼左手，无法锻炼右脑。”

In addition,D.l. hung said,In anatomy,Two eyes the left side projected out is the right field,The right field to the left brain;Two eyes right department cast out is left field,Left to right view.Is not the right to the left brain,Left to right.So called the child to cover one eye to inspire the other side of the brain is totally nonsense.But until now,There are people called the child to write with their left hand/Cover to inspire the right brain,Completely do not understand the brain is a close cooperation and brain,As long as the middle of the bridge corpus callosum has not been cut off,The exchange of information is the rapid clear.The left hand can only exercise left hand,Cannot exercise right brain."

关键词 keywords

受虐 大脑记忆会萎缩 Battered brain memory will atrophy

　　近日来见诸报端的“虐童事件”让人感觉触目惊心，洪兰对此表示，孩子年幼时，大脑抑制其行为的能力还不够，因此不能一味责罚。被虐待的孩子，他会产生恐惧，在实验上会知道这会改变人们大脑中的海马回，使其萎缩，所以我们的实验发现，受虐的孩子大脑中管记忆的机制萎缩。教育、照看孩子的人，不管是什么人，这个人要带给孩子安全感，这个是孩子最需要的。我们在老鼠的实验上知道，母鼠舔小鼠，会让它产生安全感，如果母鼠过世了，用毛笔轻抚小鼠，也可以让小鼠产生同样的感觉，所以不管是谁来照看孩子，要给孩子安全感。

In recent days the central hunan province"Child abuse event"Let a person feel deceived,D.l. hung expressed,Young children,The brain inhibit its behavior ability is not enough,Therefore we cannot blindly punishment.Abused children,He will produce fear,In the experiment will know that it will change people the brain hippocampus,Atrophy of the,So our experiment found,Abused children brain tube memory mechanism atrophy.education/Take care of the child,No matter what people,This person should bring children a sense of security,This is children need most.We in the rat experimental know,Lick the mother mouse,Will make it produce a sense of security,If mother passed away,Use brush stroke in mice,Also can let mice have the same feeling,So no matter who's going to look after the children,To give children a sense of security.

网游 可提升推理能力 Online can promote reasoning ability

　　现在的孩子，还很小时就已经开始接触网络游戏、iPad游戏等，他们成长的“电子化”环境是很多家长此前未能预料也并无经验的。很多家长头痛孩子热爱玩网游，洪兰却表示，玩网游不一定是坏事，只要不牵涉色情与赌博，玩网游对眼、手的配合，空间的概念和推理的能力等多方面都很有帮助。网游还会拓展孩子注意力的广度。小孩在游戏中还能练习拿捏人际关系，并且学会“礼尚往来”的重要性。

Now the children,Is still very hour have already had contact with the network game/IPad games,They grow"electronic"The environment is not expected to many parents had no experience.Many parents headache children love to play online,D.l. hung but said,Play online is not always a bad thing,As long as it doesn't involve pornography and gambling,To play online/Hand fit,The concept of space and reasoning ability and other aspects are very helpful.Online will also develop children's attention span.The child in the game can also practice hold interpersonal relationship,And learn to"Courtesy demands reciprocity"The importance of.

　　不过必须重视的是，在玩网游上对孩子不是禁止，而是如何让孩子在时间安排上自立。她以自己的孩子为例称，她的孩子也打游戏，她就从小到大教他，人有责任的，你作为一个学生，你要把书念好，十点半以前，所有的时间都是你的，但到点你就要睡觉了。如果功课没做完，早上定闹钟早点起来做。这样的好处是，他学会自立以后，会应用到很多的地方，比如对零用钱的安排。

But must pay attention to is,Playing online on the child is not prohibited,But how to let the child of time spent in self-reliance.She said their children as an example,Her children are playing games,She is to teach him,People responsible,You as a student,You want to take the book to read well,Before at half past ten,All the time you,But to point you would go to sleep.If you haven't finished homework,Set the alarm clock in the morning to get up and do.This advantage is,After he learn to be independent,Will be applied to a lot of places,For instance, in the arrangement of the allowance.

外语 学习没有关键期 Foreign language learning is not critical period

　　外语学习是孩子在教育中面临的重要一个部分。很多孩子很早就开始外语学习，对于孩子到底什么时候开始学外语好，洪兰的观点是，母语学习的确有“关键期”，愈早愈好；但第二语言的学习到现在没有看到支持关键期的证据。成年后再学习第二语言，跟孩子时学习第二语言的表现并无差异。她表示，第二语言的学习，是与母语不同的机制，第二语言的大脑处理位置，不是与他学习的年龄有关，而是与他使用这个语言的精纯度有关。

Foreign language learning is the child in the education faced in a part of the important.Many children have been foreign language learning,What time to start for children to learn a foreign language,D.l. hung point is,Language learning is"Critical period",The sooner the better;But the second language learning to now didn't see support critical period of evidence.After adult learning a second language,With a child learning a second language performance and indifference.She said,The second language learning,Is different with the mother tongue of the mechanism,Second language brain processing position,Not with him to learn about age,But with his use of the language of the essence of the purity.

专家说 Experts say

人生是长跑，不能短视卢勤（知心姐姐、教育专家） Life is a long,Cannot myopia LuQin(Bosom sister/Education experts)

　　洪兰教授不仅是教育家，更重要她是个科学家。仔细看她的书，我想说，教育需要科学。我们都希望把孩子培养好，但我们今天在教育孩子中，缺少科学性，我们有急切的心理，望子成龙，但不知道孩子在科学教育的情况下，才能达到适应社会的一个人才。

D.l. hung professor is not only the educator,The more important she is a scientist.Look at her book,I want to say,Education need science.We all hope to cultivate good children,But today, we in the education of children,Lack of scientific,We are anxious psychology,used,But don't know the child in science education of the case,Ability to adapt to society's a talent.

　　比如，“不要让孩子输到起跑线上”，这是多少家长认可的一句话，多少早教机构挂出的一句话，但是这句话却违背了科学。在这个口号下，幼儿园的孩子非常苦，童年已经不是童年，他们最快乐的时光越来越短。人生是长跑，不是短跑，不能因为我们的短视，就毁灭了孩子的前程。不能因为我们的功利，就抹杀了孩子美好的童年。

For example,"Don't let children lose to the starting line",This is how many parents approved a word,How many development institutions hang out a word,But this sentence but against the science.In this slogan next,Kindergarten children very bitter,Childhood is not childhood,They are the most happy time more and more short.Life is a long,Not sprint,Cannot because our myopia,Will destroy the child's future.Not because of our utility,Will kill the child good childhood.

　　再比如，是早上学好还是晚上学好？洪兰教授做了明确的表示，并且有科学的依据，千万不要早上学。其实晚一点儿上学有好处，就比如我自己，是9月份出生的孩子，上学属于前一拨落下的，这样虽然我在家里小，但比学校里的孩子能多懂一点事。

Again for instance,In the morning or evening to learn is to learn?Professor o. j. l. made clear said,And have a scientific basis,Don't go to school early.In fact later is good to go to school,Like myself,Is children born in September,School belongs to set before the fall,So although I at home and small,But than school children can understand a little thing.

　　有时候给孩子带来阴影的正是家长自己。老觉得“不打不成材”，很多人觉得只要孩子能考上大学家长就成功了。于是，“虎妈狼爸”非常嚣张。他们自己不觉得，因为他们自己很自豪。这就是成功吗？于是有的家长打孩子，可这种伤害，是在孩子心灵的底片上留下阴影。

Sometimes give children bring shadow is their parents.Old feel"Don't play good for nothing",A lot of people think that as long as the child will pass the college entrance examination parents is a success.so,"Tiger mother Wolf dad"Very arrogant.They don't think,Because of their own proud.This is success?And some parents to beat the boy,But this kind of harm,In the minds of children left on the film of shading.

　　教育不得当，不如不管尹建莉（作家、教育专家）

Education may not be as,As YinJianLi no matter(writer/Education experts)

　　台湾当代教育模式比大陆走得略早几步，大陆当下的教育环境，和前些年台湾的情况相似，台湾社会有过的一些教育迷茫，大陆的人们正在经历。生活中，也许没有哪件事像“望子成龙”这件事，表现出令人吃惊的手段与目标的背离。有的家长很用心，却培养出一个小混混；有的家长看似什么也不管，孩子却非常优秀。究其原因，教育是件奇妙的事，因为你面对的产品不是一件无知觉的物品，而是一个体内潜藏着一个独立完整世界的丰富的人，所以，如果力量用得不对，还不如不用，不用力至少没有破坏，孩子依自己的天性往往会成长得不错。

Taiwan contemporary education mode is greater than the mainland go slightly as early as a few steps,The mainland of the education environment,And some of the Taiwan similar,Taiwan society had lost some of the education,The mainland people are going through.life,Maybe no thing like"used"it,Show surprising means and the deviation of target.Some parents very attentively,But produce a small hun hun;Some parents seem what also no matter,The child is very good.Investigate its reason,Education is a wonderful things,Because you in the face of the product is not a senseless articles,But a body hidden a independent complete world rich people,so,If power use wrong,As well don't,Don't force at least not damage,In accordance with the nature of their children often grow well.

　　具体到“择校”和上“培优班”的问题，很难一概而论，这可能会有一些意义，但这是外部的、浮浅的、辅助性手段，教育真正拼的是内部的、深入的、核心的手段，即家长的教育态度和理念以及学校教师的素质等。所以，在择校等问题上，一定要先明白：花钱不一定能买到教育，如果代价太大，只能得到负数。

Specific to"school"and"Pew class"problem,Difficult to treat as the same,This may have some meaning,But this is outside/Snorkelling of/Auxiliary method,Education really spell is internal/in-depth/Core means,That is the parent education attitude and philosophy and school teachers' quality, etc.so,In the school and so on,Make sure you understand:Money can not buy education,If the price is too big,Can only get negative.

　　再比如前段时间爆出的“虐童”事件，我们对它应该是零容忍。这个问题需要从三方面来解决，第一要立法，严惩此类恶行。第二要尽快提高小学教师、幼儿教师的入职门槛。第三，政府应该在幼儿园和小学教育的资金投入上给予优惠，把花在精装修上的钱匀兑一些到隐蔽的打基础上，那么，教育水平一定会提升。

For instance again some time ago came"Child abuse"events,We should be zero tolerance for it.This problem from three aspects need to solve,The first to legislation,Punish such evil.The second to improve primary school teacher as soon as possible/Preschool teachers' appointment threshold.The third,The government should to the kindergarten and primary school education of the capital investment preferential,Put the flowers in the fine decoration of the money to the blending some hidden in the ground,so,Education level will improve.

　　晨报记者 刘婷

Morning paper reporter LiuTing