原标题：名校集团化办学勿过速 Original title:School education collectivization don't tachycardia

　　各地在推行中小学教育集团化过程中要注意避免强行“拉郎配”、集团化过快扩张、激励机制不配套等问题。

In the implementation of all primary and secondary school education collectivization process should pay attention to avoid forced"Pull with lang"/Collectivize rapid expansion/Incentive mechanism related problems.

　　近年来，为解决教育均衡化问题，不少地区推行中小学名校集团化，通过中小学名校建新校区自我孵化、或与其他学校“联姻”等方式，将名校品牌不断拓展和延伸，引发社会广泛关注。不少教育界人士指出，集团化过程中要尊重教育规律，“责权利”相结合，避免出现集团化过快扩张引发优质资源被“稀释”等问题。

In recent years,To solve the education problem equalization,Many regions implementation of primary and middle school school group,Through the primary and secondary schools of the new campus school self incubation/Or with other schools"marriage", etc,Famous brand will continue to expand and extension,Trigger social attention.Many educators are pointed out,In the process of collectivization to respect education law,"ZeQuanLi"combined,Avoid rapid expansion collectivization caused by high quality resources"dilution"problems.

名校集团化遍地开花 School group blossom everywhere

　　本刊记者近日在对北京、广东、浙江、四川等地的中小学名校集团化发展情况进行采访调研中了解到，教育集团模式在杭州、深圳、南京、成都等全国不少地方都已开始试行。不少地方纷纷在一体化模式和共同体模式两大基本类型的基础上，探索核心连锁式、教育联盟式、名校托管式、城乡互助共同体式、优质资源再生发展式等多种运作机制，实施“名校+新校”、“名校+弱校”、“名校+农校”、“名校+民校”等多种办学模式，探索名校集团化战略。

This reporter recently in Beijing/guangdong/zhejiang/Sichuan province, school of middle and primary school collectivization development interview survey to understand,Education group mode in hangzhou/shenzhen/nanjing/Chengdu and other national many places has begun to trial.In many places in the integration mode and community model two basic types of basis,Explore the core franchising/Education alliance type/School hosting type/Urban and rural mutual common style/High quality resources regeneration development type and so on many kinds of operation mechanism,implementation"School + new school"/"School + weak school"/"School + aggie"/"School + sparetime school for adults"The mode of running, etc,Explore the school group strategy.

　　成立于2002年的杭州求是教育集团，是全国第一个公办基础教育集团。2004年杭州市委、市政府首次明确提出“实施名校集团化战略”，此后，杭州要求所有新建学校都要纳入集团化办学。目前杭州全市共建立教育集团177个，成员单位663个，六城区中小学名校集团化参与面达67.7%，幼儿园名园集团化参与面达32.8%。

Founded in 2002, hangzhou and realistic education group,Is the first public foundation education group.In 2004, hangzhou municipal party committee/The municipal government put forward for the first time"Implementation of the strategy of famous group",Since then,Hangzhou requires all new school will be included in the group.At present, hangzhou has established the education group 177,Member unit 663,Six city primary and middle school school nationality group 67.7%,Kindergarten gardens nationality group 32.8%.

　　成都市2009年3月正式启动普通高中名校集团发展工作。截至2010年8月，成都市共组建名校教育集团148个，龙头学校148个，成员学校554所，集团涵盖702所学校(幼儿园)。

Chengdu March 2009 official start ordinary high school school group development work.By August 2010,Chengdu school education group set up a total of 148,Leading school 148,Members 554 schools,Group covers 702 schools(kindergarten).

　　深圳市目前共有11个教育集团，其旗下各中小学校共有在校学生5.6万人。这其中既有公办的深圳育才教育集团，也有民办的深圳崛起教育集团等，还有公办和民办混合体制的深圳实验教育集团。

Shenzhen at present a total of eleven education group,Its its various small and medium-sized school there are 56000 students in school.This both public shenzhen yucai education group,Also have run by the rise of shenzhen education group, etc,There are public and private hybrid system of shenzhen experiment education group.

　　北京四中、八中、实验二小、北京小学等西城区四大名校将各自牵头成立四大教育集团，吸纳普通学校为成员校，加入集团的普通学校不仅能共享名校资源，学生甚至可以到名校去上课。集团内各学校在保持原独立法人的基础上，发挥名校的引领带动作用，促进优质校和成员校实现教育教学、质量管理、教师研训等统一管理，教师待遇、专业发展等统筹安排。

Beijing 4/BaZhong/The nest is/Beijing xicheng district elementary school and four school will lead their established four education group,Ordinary schools for members in the school,Join the group of ordinary schools not only can share resources of school,Students can even school to go to class.Within the group in the school to keep the original on the basis of independent legal person,Play a leading role in driving school,To promote the quality education and the members to realize teaching/Quality management/The teacher YanXun unified management, etc,The teacher treatment/Professional development and overall arrangement.

　　本刊记者发现，这些教育集团发展模式和管理结构各异，有的各学校之间是独立的法人关系，比如深圳育才教育集团内部采取“一级法人，两级管理”，分校校长由政府部门任命，并获得总校校长“授权”，各分校相对独立；而有的学校则合并为同一法人主体，由总校校长一人统领，下设分校负责人由总部副校长兼任，或干脆将分校称为“部”，“部长”直接向总校校长负责，如深圳实验教育集团。

This reporter found,These education group development mode and management of structure,Some schools are independent legal relationship,Such as shenzhen yucai education group internal take"Level 1 legal person,Two stage management",The principal at the appointed by the government,And get total school mass the headmaster"authorized",At the relatively independent;And some schools are combined for the same legal subject,The total school mass the principal one over,Under the head, by the headquarters vice President concurrently,Or simply, will be called"department","minister"The principal responsible for directly to the total school mass,Such as shenzhen experiment education group.

　　本刊记者了解到，不少地方中小学教育集团的影响力已经初步显现。据深圳市教育局副局长范坤介绍，教育集团化促进了教师的均衡配置。例如成立于2003年9月的深圳实验教育集团，依托深圳实验学校的品牌，实现规模发展，目前全校共有学生7000余人，教职工700余人，成为一所各学段相互衔接、实行一体管理的实验性、示范性学校，极大地优化了深圳的教育资源。

This reporter learned,Many local primary and middle school education group's influence has initially revealed.According to the shenzhen bureau deputy director FanKun is introduced,Education collectivization promotes the teacher's equilibrium configuration.For example, was established in September 2003 shenzhen experiment education group,Relying on the shenzhen experimental school brand,Realize scale development,At present a total of over 7000 students,Staff of more than 700 people,Become a learning period each connected/The integrated management of experimental/Demonstration school,Greatly optimize the shenzhen education resources.

　　在杭州，实施名校集团化战略后，六个老城区优质学校占有比每年以15%的速度递增。农村教育水平得到快速提高，杭州全市农村骨干教师所占的比例从2005年的24.7%增加到目前的48%，年增长率为11.65%。2012年秋季学期，杭州的公办初中小学全部实行“零择校”，按学区就近入学。

In hangzhou,Implementation of the strategy of school after the group,Six old town quality school occupation ratio is increasing by 15% every year.Rural education level have increased rapidly,Hangzhou rural teachers in the city and the proportion of increased from 24.7% in 2005 to the current 48%,Annual growth rate of 11.65%.The 2012 fall semester,Hangzhou public elementary school to junior high school all"Zero will",According to the school district came near to the entrance.

“大跃进”式扩张 "Great leap forward"Type expansion

易“注水” easy"injection"

　　实施名校集团化，发挥优质学校的辐射带动作用目前备受各地重视，成为均衡教育资源的一种有益探索。但一些业内专家提醒，各地在推行中小学教育集团化过程中要注意避免强行“拉郎配”、集团化过快扩张、激励机制不配套等问题。

Implementing school group,Play the quality school radiation leading role at present all the attention,Balanced education resources become a helpful exploration.But some industry experts remind,In the implementation of all primary and secondary school education collectivization process should pay attention to avoid forced"Pull with lang"/Collectivize rapid expansion/Incentive mechanism related problems.

　　据了解，在杭州教育集团推行之初，有的区一夜之间就出现了8个教育集团，甚至“有的校长都不知道自己学校已经换了牌子”。杭州市笕桥小学2004年被并入采荷第二小学教育集团，但后来由于与核心学校的管理方式与文化难以融合，于2010年又拆分为独立法人。受访的多位老师认为，集团组建时的“拉郎配”是导致学校文化难以融合甚至内耗的最主要原因。

It is understood,In hangzhou education group at the beginning of the implementation,Some area overnight appeared eight education group,even"Some principal all don't know their schools have changed brand".Hangzhou Jian bridge elementary school in 2004 is incorporated into the second primary school education group in charge,But then with the core of school management style and culture is difficult to fusion,In 2010 and the resolution for the independent legal person.More than that of the teacher,A group of"Pull with lang"In the school culture is difficult to fusion and internal friction of the most main reason.

　　杭州市教育局相关负责人表示，一些学校内在的扩张冲动使得集团化发展速度过快，教师培养无法满足需求。还有一些学校发展成教育集团后，管理难以跟上，没有建立起法人和专业治理结构。

Hangzhou education bureau officials say,Some schools internal expansion impulse makes collectivization development too fast,Teacher training can't meet the demand.And some schools develop education after the group,Management difficult to keep up with,No set up legal person governance structure and professional.

　　在采访调研中，一些名校校长也向本刊记者坦承，扩张的确会给学校运转带来一定压力。成都市教育局副局长左华荣说，成都的名校集团中，“领办型”是一种常见的模式，即派出名校中层以上的几名干部到弱校中担任校长、副校长、教务处主任等职务。从实际情况来看，如果集团内的干部队伍建设得好，名校帮助弱校是没有问题的，但如果干部队伍不行，名校资源就容易被稀释甚至把学校搞垮。成都石室中学党委书记韩晏也表示：“校长和老师派出太多，从管理班子上来说有些吃力，我们只能多提些校长助理，多少有些影响。”

In an interview in the research,Some school principal also admitted to this reporter,Expansion indeed will give the school running bring certain pressure.Chengdu bureau deputy director left HuaRong said,Chengdu in the school group,"LingBan type"Is a common pattern,That is more than the middle school sent a few cadres to the weak as the principal in the school/Vice President/Academic director, and other job.From the actual situation,If the group within the cadres team construction well,School to help the weak school is no problem,But if not cadres,School resources it is more likely to be diluted and even to the collapse of the school.Chengdu adjacent middle school secretary of the party committee HanYan also said:"The headmaster and teacher sent too much,From the management team for some difficult,We only make some assistant principal,Some sort of influence."

　　北京小学校长李明新认为，应控制教育集团规模，充分发挥核心优质学校的优势，防止“浓茶变淡茶”。北京小学自2011年9月成立教育集团以来，成员学校数量就一直控制在“四校一园”(四所小学、一所幼儿园)的规模。

Beijing primary school principals LiMingXin think,Education should be controlled group size,Give full play to the advantage of the core quality school,prevent"Strong tea thin tea".Beijing since primary school, founded in September, 2011 since the education group,Member number of school has been in control"Four school a garden"(Four primary school/A nursery school)scale.

　　不少校长和教育部门管理者则认为，教育集团化有时反而有利于增加名校教师的发展空间，有利于资源优化配置。据深圳实验教育集团管委会主任、深圳实验学校校长曹衍清介绍，深圳实验学校学生交响乐团的成功，就得益于“集团”形成的合力。该校交响乐团是目前深圳学生交响乐团中各声部最完整、乐器配置精良的大型学生乐团，多次应邀赴世界各地演出交流，并成为进入维也纳金色大厅的第一支中国学生乐队。

A lot of the principal and the education department managers, think,Education collectivization sometimes it will be beneficial to increase school teachers' development space,To resource allocation optimization.According to the shenzhen experiment education group director of the ac/Shenzhen experimental school principal CaoYanQing is introduced,Shenzhen experimental school students symphony orchestra success,Will benefit from"group"Formation of force.The school orchestra is the shenzhen students symphony orchestra in the most complete voice/Instrument configuration sophisticated large student orchestra,Many times around the world was invited to perform communication,And became the golden hall of Vienna first a Chinese student band.

　　浙江省教育厅有关人士认为，名校集团化模式应该以一体化的紧密型组合为主，努力做到“四统一”，即统一法人、统一财务、统一人事、统一管理。要在研究的基础上，科学地制定教育集团的合理规模，避免盲目的求大、求全取向。

Zhejiang provincial officials say,School group mode should be based on the integration of close combination is given priority to,Trying to do"Four unity",Namely unified legal person/Unified financial/Unified personnel/Unified management.On the basis of research,Science education group for the reasonable scale,Avoid blind, too/Perfection orientation.

　　浙江省教育厅依据对杭州市的调查认为，一个教育集团的成员校(区)数以3至4个为宜，集团在校生规模以2000至3000人为宜，班级数以40至60个为宜。

Zhejiang provincial department of hangzhou on the basis of the investigation of think,A member of the school education group(area)Hundreds of 3 to 4 advisable,Group size of students in 2000 to 3000 as appropriate,The class of forty to sixty advisable.

应健全激励机制 Should improve the incentive mechanism

　　本刊记者调研了解到，中小学名校集团化作为基础教育均衡发展的过渡性制度安排，在发展过程中存在名校自主权不足、缺乏持续动力等问题。对此，教育界人士建议，可通过设立准入门槛，加大对编制、职称评定等方面的激励措施，实现集团化名校“责权利”相符，让名校焕发更大活力。

This reporter investigation to know,Primary and middle school school education group as a basis of balanced development of transitional system arrangement,In the process of development exist insufficient autonomy school/The lack of continuous dynamic problems.this,Educators are suggested,But through the establishment of admittance threshold,Strengthen the establishment/Professional title evaluation incentive measures,Realize collectivization school"ZeQuanLi"Conform to,Let the school with greater vitality.

　　曹衍清认为，集团化的成功关键是要在人力、物力、财务资源等方面实现内部的教育资源共享和流动。据他介绍，深圳实验教育集团下属的小学、初中、高中等四个公办学校和四个民办幼儿园分布在城市不同的位置，其中相隔最远的距离总校近30公里，地理位置的不同给统一管理带来了很大的困难。因此，集团在扁平化管理、以制度保障质量的管理理念和基于网络环境的管理技术等方面进行了一些探索，比如运用办公自动化系统对采购等项目实行网上审批，总校与各分部的日常联系也大都通过办公自动化系统进行，实现了办学管理上的创新。

CaoYanQing think,The success of the group key is to the human/material/Financial resources to realize internal education resource sharing and flow.According to he introduced,Shenzhen experiment education group affiliated elementary school/Junior high school/High school and so on four public schools and four private kindergarten distribution in the city a different position,The farthest distance apart total school mass of nearly thirty miles,The geographical position is different to the unified management brings a lot of difficulties.so,Group in flating management/To ensure the quality of the system management concept and management technology based on network environment aspects such as some exploration,Such as the use of office automation system for procurement, project implementing on-line examination and approval,Total school mass and the division of the daily contact also mostly through the office automation system,To realize the innovation of the teaching management.

　　北京芳草地国际学校校长刘飞认为，公办学校发展集团化，定位一定要准，应明确教育集团的性质、职责和学校法人的权利。此外还需由更高级别的教育主管部门或者科研机构制定一个集团的质量标准，明确理想的教育集团应该办成什么样。

FangCaoDe Beijing international school principal LiuFei think,Public school development group,Location must be accurate,Education should be clear about the nature of the group/Duties and school legal rights.In addition to the higher level education departments or research institutions have a group of quality standards,Clear the ideal education group should be what kind of.

　　杭州市教育局初等教育处处长蒋锋表示，当前许多优质学校的管理方式，不少还是依赖于校长个人的魅力，在一定程度上具有浓重的“人治化”色彩。求是教育集团自成立以来，已换了三任校长，但学校办学水平一直稳中有升，其原因正在于学校的日常管理工作靠制度来保障。

Hangzhou education bureau elementary education director JiangFeng said,At present many quality school management way,Many still depends on the principal personal charm,To a certain extent, has the strong"Legal person"color.And realistic education group since its inception,Already changed three President,But school level are always,The reason is the daily management of the school by system to guarantee.

　　不少专家指出，在推进教育集团化的同时，需要做好“责权利”的配套工作。要认真研究集团化背景下校长的“责权利”，在增加校长责任的同时也要科学制定校长的待遇及实现方式。同时，对教育集团中的核心学校(师资、管理的输出地)予以增加公办教师编制比例、提高中高级职称比例以及落实奖励经费的使用等相应支持。

Many experts point out that,In promoting education group at the same time,Need to be"ZeQuanLi"Supporting work.We must carefully study group under the background of the principal"ZeQuanLi",Increase in the principal responsibility at the same time also to science for the headmaster's treatment and realization.At the same time,The core group of education school(teachers/Management output)To increase the proportion of public teacher preparation/Improve the proportion of senior professional titles and implement reward funds use the corresponding support.

　　李明新和杭州求是教育集团总校长郑仁东等人建议，集团化办学还需要继续得到政府层面的支持，比如，绩效工资应向集团化学校适度倾斜，提高奖励性绩效工资比例；适当增加编制，使一线教师有时间去阅读思考，确保正常的教学秩序。(吴俊 袁军宝 余靖静 丁静)

LiMingXin and hangzhou and realistic education group total principal ZhengRenDong and Suggestions,The group also need to continue to get government support level,Such as,Performance salary should to collectivization school moderate tilt,Improve JiangLiXing performance wage scale;Appropriately increase compilation,Make one line teachers have time to read thinking,To ensure normal teaching order.(Wu jun yuan treasure YuJing static DingJing)