新华网昆明12月9日专电题

Xinhuanet kunming on December 9, special telegram problem

　　

“宝贝”回家有多难？流浪儿童问题现状调查 "baby"Home how difficult it?Street children problem investigation

　　新华社记者吉哲鹏

The xinhua news agency JiZhePeng

　　流浪儿童问题近期引发社会各界广泛关注。原本应在父母怀中撒娇的“宝贝”却在街头乞讨、在墙角受冻，一些孩子甚至以非法手段生存，引发一系列社会问题。

Street children problem recently trigger social attention from all walks of life.Originally should be in the bosom of the parents"baby"Is begging on the streets/In the corner and,Some children even illegal means to survive,Cause a series of social problems.

　　“宝贝”缘何流浪街头？哪些因素把他们“推”出家门？怎样才能让流浪儿童真正回家、回归到正常的生活和学习中？

"baby"Why run the streets?What are the factors to them"push"Out of the?How to let the street children really go home/Return to normal life and study?

　　

“宝贝”缘何流落街头？ "baby"Grades in the streets?

　　虽已进入冬季，但记者连日来在昆明市的南屏街、小西门以及火车站等人流密集区域，仍见到数名在街边蹲坐乞讨、或在路边睡觉的流浪儿童。

Although has entered the winter,But reporters in recent days in kunming, the capital of nanping street/Small Simon and the railway station and the dense regions of people,Still meet several down the street squat begging/On the side of the road or street children to go to bed.

　　在昆明市小西门的一家超市门口，记者经过长时间交流，取得一名叫王涛（化名）的流浪儿童的信任。“父亲去世了，妈妈改嫁后不要我，爷爷奶奶也不在了，没办法只有出来混。”穿着破旧运动服的王涛说，他家在滇东北山区，今年快14岁了，已经出来流浪了五六年。

In kunming small Simon's a supermarket the door,Reporters after a long time communication,Get a named wang tao(alias)Stray children's trust."His father died,Mother remarried I don't,Grandpa's grandmother is gone,Can't only come out to mix."Ragged clothing wang tao said,His home in northeast yunnan mountainous area,This quick 14 years old,Have gone out the track five or six years.

　　据流浪儿童救助机构介绍，孩子一般到容易要到钱和食物的人流密集处流浪，造成他们流浪的主要原因是家庭监护和关爱的缺失。不管是孩子的父母离异还是家庭贫困，最终是家庭监护不到位。

According to the street children rescue mechanism is introduced,The child is generally to easy money and food to the people in the dense stray,Cause they wandering the main reason is the lack of family care and love.Whether the child's parents divorced or family poverty,Finally is the family care does not reach the designated position.

　　“如果家庭监护抚养到位，不至于孩子流落在外一连数天或更长时间。”云南省救助管理站站长张玲告诉记者，一些家长迷信“棍棒底下出孝子”，最终将孩子“打”出家门；个别父母把孩子当成赚钱工具，强迫他们乞讨、卖艺。

"If the family care support in place,Children will not survive out for several days or longer."Yunnan rescue management station master zhang ling told reporters,Some parents superstition"Sticks out under a son",Children will eventually"play"Out of the;Individual parents send their children to make money as a tool,Forced them to beg/busk.

　　记者了解到，许多长期流浪的儿童并非不知道自己家庭地址，大多数都有自己的家庭，但因为家庭暴力、父母关系不和谐等，往往有家不愿回，造成救助机构对其反复救助，成为救助站的“熟人”。

The reporter understands,Many long-term wandering children not know his family address,Most of them have their own family,But because of family violence/Parents relationship not harmonious, etc,Often have a home to return,Cause the relief agencies and rescue,Become the relief stations"acquaintances".

　　云南省家馨社区儿童救助服务中心助理中心主任龙丽辉告诉记者，从2004年至今，中心共对1300多名流浪儿童进行过不同方式的救助，其中90%的流浪儿童有家庭，但是普遍存在家庭问题，孤儿在外面流浪的特别少。

Back home in yunnan province community children rescue service center assistant director of the center LongLiHui told reporters,Since 2004,Center for a total of more than 1300 street children had different ways to salvage,90% of the street children have a family,But widespread family problems,Orphan outside the wandering, especially small.

　　“有一次服务中心救助了一个11岁的孩子，他的后妈到家馨社区接孩子时，当着所有人面甩手一巴掌，打到孩子的嘴巴出血。这个孩子虽然被带回家，但只要有机会他还会一次次离家出走。”龙丽辉提供的一份案例中这样写道。

"There is a service center rescue a 11 years old,His stepmother back home community after a child,In the presence of all face stopped a slap in the face,Hit the child's mouth bleeding.The child although be taken home,But as long as have a chance he will run away from home again."LongLiHui provides a case wrote.

　　

从身体“回家”到心的“回归”有多难？ From the body"home"To heart"regression"How difficult is it to build it?

　　救助人士介绍，离家出走是儿童反抗家庭暴力或逃避家庭矛盾的一种方式，很多家长缺乏管教的技巧，孩子被救助机构送回来后仍然遭遇训斥和暴打，流浪儿童感到现实和期望相差太远时，就会再一次离家。

Rescue people who are,Away from home is children against domestic violence or escape from a way of family conflicts,Many parents lack of discipline skills,The child was relief agencies to send back still encounter scolding and suddenly and violently dozen,Street children feel the reality and expectation when a far,Will be home again.

　　据了解，为了让这些儿童不再流落街头，云南省各级政府救助站对于能提供家庭住址的孩子，一般是及时护送回家，原则上可在救助站待10至30天；查不清地址的可在救助站待半年时间。

It is understood,In order to let the children no longer on the streets,Governments at all levels in yunnan province for the relief stations can provide home address children,The general is to escort to go home,In principle can be in relief stations for 10 to 30 days;Check the address is not clear in the relief stations for half a year time.

　　“流浪儿童救助机构是一个临时应急的庇护站，最终的目的都是送孩子回到父母的怀抱。但没有稳定的家庭生活，孩子仍然会远离健康成长的环境。”张玲说，流浪儿童回家到回归路途漫漫。

"Street children rescue organization is a temporary emergency shelter,The final purpose is to send the child back to the arms of their parents.But there is no stable family life,Children will still be far from healthy growth environment."Zhang ling said,Street children home to return to the road.

　　目前，家馨社区在昆明市中心设立了外展点，给流浪儿童提供饭食和白天休息场所，成立“儿童村”接收不愿意回家的孩子，还开展“类家庭”服务。

At present,Back home in kunming center set up community outreach point,Street children to provide meals during the day and rest area,established"village"Receiving don't want to go home child,Also carry out"Class family"service.

　　据了解，“类家庭”是一种集看护、疏导、教育于一体的亲情化救助方式，是为那些不愿回家的流浪孩子创立的模拟家庭成长环境，有专门的“爸爸”“妈妈”照顾孩子的日常生活，让这些孩子有个自己的“家”，逐渐向正常的社会生活过渡。

It is understood,"Class family"Is a collection of care/counseling/Education in one of the family change rescue mode,Is for people who don't want to go home was wandering children simulation family growth environment,A special"dad""mother"Take care of the children's daily life,Let the children have a their own"home",Gradually to the normal social life transition.

　　龙丽辉介绍，由于费用较高，家馨社区现在仅有两个“类家庭”，由两名阿姨负责，均在昆明市区，各有6个小孩，家馨社区为每个孩子每年支付的管护费用在1万元左右，这还不含学费。目前通过“类家庭”的帮扶，一些小孩的学习成绩逐渐稳定。

LongLiHui introduced,Due to the high cost of,Sweet home community now only two"Class family",By two aunt is responsible for,All in kunming city,Each have six children,Sweet home community for each child to pay a year of cost management in 10000 yuan,It also does not contain the tuition.At present through the"Class family"Of aid,Some children's academic performance gradually stable.

　　

全社会编织“宝贝回家”安全网 Weave the whole society"Baby home"Safety net

　　记者在调查中深切感受到，没有稳定的家庭生活，流浪儿童不愿意回家；没有全社会的共同关爱，他们难以回归正常的生活。

Reporter in the investigation deeply feel,No stable family life,Street children don't want to go home;Not all social common love,They not return to normal life.

　　对此，民政部门和民间救助机构呼吁，全社会积极行动，加强源头控制、探索救助方法、鼓励民间投入，“零容忍”儿童遭遇的家庭暴力，共同织成一张减少和救助流浪儿童的安全网，让“宝贝”不再流落街头。

this,Civil affairs departments and non-governmental aid organization called on,The whole society positive action,Strengthen the source control/Explore relief method/Encourage private investment,"Zero tolerance"Children encounter family violence,Common make a reduction and rescue street children's safety net,let"baby"No longer on the streets.

　　首先，做好源头预防是解决未成年人流浪问题的治本之策。基层乡镇、社区政府、学校应建立协作机制，对有外出流浪倾向和曾经出走过的儿童加强跟踪和监管，提高家庭生存能力，提高父母的监护意识，探索遭受家庭暴力、事实上无人照料等特殊困境儿童的帮扶工作。

First of all,To prevent the source is to solve the problem of stray minors permanent cure.Grassroots township/Community government/The school shall establish cooperation mechanism,To have to go out and have a tendency to wander through the children strengthen tracking and supervision,To improve the survival ability,Improve the parents' care consciousness,Explore suffered domestic violence/In fact no one care and other special difficulties children's supporting work.

　　其次，对针对儿童遭遇的家庭暴力“零容忍”。“很多时候家长只要看见孩子犯错，就打孩子。但孩子只知道屁股疼，却不知道究竟错在哪里。于是他们选择逃避。如果一直这样，这些孩子永远不可能回家。”龙丽辉说，最值得反思的是，孩子离家出走往往是被监护人“打出家门”。

secondly,For children to have family violence"Zero tolerance"."Most of the time parents as long as he saw the child to make mistakes,Children will play.But the child only know pain ass,But don't know what wrong in where.So they chose to escape.If all the time,These children can never go home."LongLiHui said,The most worthy of reflection is,The children ran away from home is often be guardian"Hit home".

　　第三，在加强对政府救助机构投入的同时，鼓励民间发展救助机构广泛参与，扩大对流浪儿童的救助力度。

The third,As to strengthen the government aid agencies into at the same time,Encouraging the development aid organization widely participate in,Expand to street children's rescue efforts.

　　龙丽辉介绍，目前民间流浪儿童救助机构帮扶成效显著，但靠社会捐赠在经费上捉襟见肘。以“类家庭”为例，即便给钱也难以找到合适的家庭来接收儿童，亟待有更多人参与到救助流浪儿童的行动中来。

LongLiHui introduced,At present the folk street children rescue mechanism supporting effect,But by social donation in starved of funds.to"Class family"As an example,Even give money also difficult to find the right family to receive children,To be more involved in the rescue street children action to.