诗人蓝蓝(胡兰兰)向教育部发出公开信，提出取消小学生家庭作业等10条意见，引起社会广泛关注。

The poet LanLan(HuLanLan)A letter to the ministry of education,Students proposed to cancel homework and ten opinion,Cause social attention.

　　近日，新京报记者对北京10所小学的学生、家长抽样问卷调查，33.4%的三至六年级小学生，平时家庭作业用时超1小时。65.7%的学生和家长认为家庭作业过量。

recently,The Beijing news reporter for Beijing and primary school students/Parents sampling questionnaire survey,33.4% of the three to six grade primary school students,At ordinary times when homework over 1 hour.65.7% of the students and their parents think that too much homework.

　　新京报官方微博发起的小学生家庭作业网络调查显示，超6成家长替孩子写过家庭作业。

The Beijing news official micro bo launch of primary school children homework network survey,Super 6 to parents for children written homework.

　　根据教育部相关规定，小学(三至六年级)书面家庭作业应控制在60分钟以内。

According to the relevant provisions of ministry of education,Elementary school(Three to six grade)Written homework should be controlled in the minutes less than.

　

　“30分钟至1小时”占多数 "Thirty minutes to 1 hour"majority

　　记者选取西城、东城、海淀、朝阳、丰台的10所重点、非重点小学，对300名三至六年级的学生和学生家长(要求学生、家长不能对应)进行问卷调查，共收254份有效问卷。

Reporter select wl/East side/haidian/chaoyang/Fengtai ten key/Non key primary school,In 300 three to six grade students and parents(Require students to/Parents can't corresponding)Questionnaire survey,The total of 254 valid questionnaires.

　　统计显示，约33.4%的三至六年级小学生，平时完成家庭作业用时超过1小时。其中，家庭作业用时30分钟至1小时的学生占38.6%，用时1-2小时的学生占25.2%，用时超过2小时的占8.2%。

Statistics show that,About 33.4% of the three to six grade primary school students,At ordinary times when finish homework more than 1 hour.the,When homework 30 minutes to 1 hour students accounted for 38.6%,Only 1-2 hours of students accounted for 25.2%,When more than two hours of 8.2%.

　　

超6成学生家长喊作业多 Super 6 into the parents of the students shout homework more

　　根据教育部2008年发布的《中小学学生近视眼防控工作方案》规定，学校要统筹学生的家庭作业时间，小学三至六年级书面家庭作业控制在60分钟以内。

According to the ministry of education issued in 2008[Primary and middle school students myopia prevention and control work plan]provisions,To plan as a whole school students' homework time,Primary school for three to six grade written homework control in the minutes less than.

　　教育部前身国家教委《关于减轻小学生课业负担过重问题的若干规定》中，小学各年级的课外作业用时为，一年级不留书面课外作业，二三年级每天课外作业量不超过30分钟，四年级不超过45分钟，五六年级不超过1小时。

The ministry of education predecessor state education commission[Reduce the burden on students studies the problems of regulation]in,Primary school each year when homework for,A year without written homework,Two or three grade every extracurricular work not more than thirty minutes,Grade four no more than 45 minutes,Five or six years level not more than 1 hour.

　　本次调查显示，65.7%的学生和家长认为家庭作业过量。

The investigation shows that,65.7% of the students and their parents think that too much homework.

　

　网调超6成家长替写作业 Net adjustment over 6 to parents for homework

　　对于家庭作业形式，95.7%的学生家长表示为语数外课程作业，少数人表示有综合实践活动等作业，如周记、flash、简报等作业形式。

For homework form,95.7% of the students parents said the number for the language course assignments,A few people said comprehensive practice activities operation,Such as weekly journal/flash/Presentation assignments are in the form, etc.

　　实地调查显示，4.7%的家长曾帮孩子写过作业；而在同步网络调查中，1000名家长中，65%表示曾替孩子写过家庭作业，其中经常写的达352人。

Field survey,4.7% of parents have help children written assignments;In synchronous network survey,In 1000 parents,65% said they had written homework for children,Which often wrote to reach 352 people.

　　实地调查和网络调查均显示，多数学生和家长希望有适量的家庭作业，同时希望内容和形式更丰富多样。

Field survey and network survey shows,The majority of students and parents hope to have a moderate amount of homework,At the same time hope that content and form more rich variety.

　

　■ 个案 S case

　　1 儿被罚抄写 妈仿笔迹代劳 1 son be fined copying mother imitation allows handwriting

　　学校：西城一所非重点小学 The school:Wl a non-key elementary school

　　特点：语数外家庭作业多 characteristics:The number of language much homework

　　“儿子的课余时间总是被家庭作业剥夺，有时连正常睡眠都无法保证。”李娜(化名)抱怨。

"Son's spare time is always homework deprivation,Sometimes even the normal sleep can guarantee."Li na(alias)complain.

　　晚上写不完早起写

Don't finish the early evening write write

　　李娜的儿子是北京一所小学三年级的学生。

The son of li na is Beijing a primary school grade three students.

　　晚上9点半睡觉，最迟不能超过10点，这是李娜给儿子规定的作息时间。但她发现，儿子经常晚上10点还写不完作业。如果前晚没做完作业，就要提前半小时起床，“我发现他早上写作业比晚上效率高。”说这话时，李娜笑得有些苦涩。

Go to bed at half past nine,The later can't more than ten points,This is li na to the provisions of the son schedules.But she found,Son often 10 PM also write don't finish your homework.If the night before last didn't finished my homework,Half an hour to get up early,"I found him in the morning than high efficiency homework in the evening."Said this,LiNaXiao have some bitter.

　

　数学题也重复罚写 Math problem also repeated punishment to write

　　语文、数学、英语，李娜的儿子每天要用时一个半小时，才能写完这些作业，“赶上要改卷子，就惨了。”李娜说。

Chinese/mathematics/English,Every day when the son of li na to an hour and a half,To finish the homework,"To catch up with change examination paper,miserably."Li na said.

　　老师要求所有卷子，做错的题就要抄题重写，“请注意，我说的是重抄写错的题，数学都变成了语文。”李娜提高了音调。李娜看着心疼，就让儿子先抄一遍，后面的由她来抄，为此还特意模仿儿子的笔迹。

The teacher asked all the papers,Do wrong topic will copy the problem to rewrite,"Please note that,I said is heavy copying the wrong question,Mathematics into Chinese."Li na to improve the tone.Li na look at love dearly,Let the son to copy it again,Back from her to copy,Therefore also specially imitate son's handwriting.

　　李娜说，儿子班上其他学生的家长替抄题，有的还被老师看出破绽点名批评，“我还没露过怯”。

Li na said,The other students in the class parents son for copy problem,Some have also been criticized by the teacher see flaw,"I haven't uncover a timid".

　　李娜坦言，总替儿子抄写作业也不是办法，也想过别的抗争方式，有几次她擅自允许儿子不写作业，直接写条给老师，说儿子不舒服，写不了作业。

Li na said,The total for son copying homework but that is not a good way,Also want to have another way to fight,Several times she do STH without authorization to allow my son to don't write operation,Article write directly to the teacher,Said son uncomfortable,'t write the homework.

　

　2 手抄报流于形式成家长作业 2 copies out the newspaper become a mere formality into parents work

　　学校：海淀一所重点小学 The school:Haidian a key primary school

　　特点：实践作业单一乏味 characteristics:Practice operation single boring

　　相比李娜的儿子，周丽(化名)的儿子很幸运，刘娟(化名)的女儿则遇到新“麻烦”。

Compared with the son of li na,ZhouLi(alias)Son is very lucky,Liu Juan(alias)Daughter is meet new"trouble".

　　“一堆作业扑面而来”

"A pile of work on"

　　周丽回忆，儿子一二年级时“一堆作业扑面而来”，那时儿子每晚“一写就是两三个小时”。周丽经常帮儿子写作业，“这样才保证了孩子的睡眠。”她和其余家长交流时得知，如果父母不帮孩子写作业，有时就得做到深夜11点多。

ZhouLi memories,Son two grade"A pile of work on",Every night at that time the son"A write is two to three hours".ZhouLi often help son write operation,"Such ability ensure the child's sleep."She and the rest of the parents know when communicating,If the parents do not help my child to write my homework,Sometimes have to do more than 11 PM.

　　如今，儿子上了四年级，周丽说作业反倒比一二年级时少很多，因为儿子所在的海淀区某重点小学减负了。

now,His son on a grade four,ZhouLi homework but said than two grade a lot less,Because the son is a key primary school the haidian district reduce the burden.

　　家长最熟悉的手抄报

Parents most familiar hand out the newspaper

　　刘娟(化名)的女儿是海淀区一所重点小学的学生，从二年级开始，手抄报成为一项家庭作业。“手抄报永远是那几个题材，什么安全手抄报，爱心手抄报，环保手抄报……”刘娟对手抄报的分类都如数家珍。

Liu Juan(alias)The daughter of haidian district is a key primary school students,Start from the second grade,Hand out the newspaper as a homework."Hand out the newspaper is always that a few subjects,What safety hand out the newspaper,Love hand out the newspaper,Environmental copies out the newspaper……"Liu Juan opponent out the newspaper classification are, as he sees them.

　　每学期五到十次的手抄报，“没有新意，内容太虚”，孩子都厌烦了，“结果办手抄报就成了我的作业。”刘娟说，这样的作业已失去真正的意义，完全成为了孩子们的负担。

Each semester five to ten times hand out the newspaper,"Not new,Content too",Children are tired of,"Results to hand out the newspaper became my homework."Liu Juan said,This work has lost its real meaning,Complete the children become the burden.

　

　3 平日开放式作业 周末动手讨论多 3 daily homework to open this weekend to discuss more

　　学校：北京一所国际小学 The school:A Beijing international school

　　特点：家庭作业丰富多彩 characteristics:Homework is rich and colorful

　　冯婷婷的英语周末作业得到了表扬，确切地说，是她所在的小组得到了表扬。

FengTingTing English weekend homework get the praise,exactly,Is her team get the praise.

　　“你掌握了，就没作业”

"You master,It didn't work"

　　冯婷婷是北京一所国际小学六年级学生。

FengTingTing is a Beijing international primary school grade 6 students.

　　学校实行住宿制，学生周末才能回家。冯婷婷说，周一到周五，老师布置的课后作业通常是复习和预习，其中比较多的是开放式作业，学生们跟老师交流，“如果老师觉得你掌握的没问题了，就没有作业”。

The boarding school,Students can go home this weekend.FengTingTing said,Monday to Friday,The teacher assigned homework is usually review and preview,The more is open operation,The students communicate with the teacher,"If the teacher think you grasp of the problem,There is no homework".

　　冯婷婷的英语老师吴丹介绍，笔头作业能不布置就不布置，学生只要完成课堂学习的目标和效果，也基本就没有作业了。

FengTingTing English teacher introduce u thant,Written assignments can not arrangement will not arrangement,As long as the students finish the classroom learning goal and effect,Also basic no homework.

　　每人都要发表意见

Everyone want to comment about it

　　周末家庭作业是冯婷婷一周功课中的大事。

Weekend homework is FengTingTing lessons a week of the event.

　　这次的英语家庭作业是奥运主题，老师把同学们分成不同小组，每组对近四届的奥运会吉祥物和宣传语进行收集并且制作成海报。

The English homework is the Olympic theme,The teacher put students into different group,Each group of nearly four of the Olympic Games mascots and propagate language for the collection and to make a poster.

　　冯婷婷和同学们一般是回家前进行小组讨论及分工，或者回家后通过QQ讨论，再由一两个同学负责将大家的意见和素材进行整理，之后制作成海报。

FengTingTing and students are generally before returning home for group discussion and division of labor,Or home through QQ after discussion,Again by one or two students will be responsible for everyone's opinions and material for finishing,Then make a poster.

　　冯婷婷说，周末家庭作业有时是做PPT，有时是做海报，不过都需要进行小组讨论，每个成员都要表达自己的意见，听取别人的看法，最后的整理工作也要每个人轮流负责。

FengTingTing said,Weekend homework is sometimes do PPT,Sometimes do posters,But the need for group discussion,Everyone want to express your own opinion,Listen to the view of others,The final finishing work will take responsible for everyone.

　

　“没有大篇幅抄写作业” "No big length copying homework"

　　吴丹介绍，学校对于学生作业量有要求，不能超过30分钟，英语通常不会超过10分钟，而且没有大篇幅的试卷或抄写单词等。这周的教学话题是fashion，周末家庭作业让学生从家中的杂志或者商场宣传册中收集关于时尚的内容，制成剪报。

Introduce u thant,,Schools for students work requirements,No more than 30 minutes,English is usually not more than ten minutes,And they do not have big length of paper or copying words.This week's teaching topic is fashion,Weekend homework let students from home magazine or a shopping mall in the brochure about the content of the fashion collection,Made clippings.

　

　■ 措施 S measures

　　教委：已尝试减少或取消家庭作业 Education commission:Have tried to reduce or cancel the homework

　　北京教委相关负责人表示，小学生课业负担重因素很多

Beijing education commission officials say,Pupils schoolwork burden many factors weight

　　新京报讯 对于小学生家庭作业问题，北京市教委相关负责人表示，目前北京市部分中小学已开始尝试减少或取消布置家庭作业。

The Beijing news - for primary school students homework problems,The Beijing municipal education commission officials say,The present Beijing part of middle and primary school has started to try to reduce or cancel some homework.

　　该负责人表示，造成学生课业负担过重的因素很多，既有教材编写不够科学、课程门类过多过泛、教师专业能力不足等教育实施层面的原因，也有学生考试评价、教师和学校绩效考核等教育制度层面的原因。

This person in charge said,Cause the student schoolwork burden overweight many factors,Both the compiling teaching materials is not scientific/Categories of course too much too flood/Teachers' professional ability insufficient education implementation aspects of the reason,Also have students' test evaluation/The teacher and the school education system such as performance evaluation level of reason.

　　要求学校提高课堂效率

Require schools to improve the classroom efficiency

　　今年5月底，教委召开“北京市义务教育阶段减轻学生过重课业负担，全面提高教育质量工作经验交流会”，要求各区县和学校通过提高课堂效率等方式减少不必要的书写时间。

At the end of may this year,Education commission held"Beijing compulsory education stage to reduce the overweight schoolwork burden,Improve education quality working experience exchange",Ask each area county and schools to improve the class efficiency through methods such as reduce unnecessary writing time.

　　这名负责人介绍，目前北京市育英学校小学部全面取消了家庭作业，鼓励学生参加课外阅读和实践活动。此外，部分中小学还取消了家长反感的各种教辅练习册，清华附小自制了《乐学手册》，把原来的预习本、积累本、练习册等多册变一册，减少作业数量。

A chief introduction,The present Beijing yuying school primary school comprehensive cancelled homework,Encourage students to participate in extracurricular reading and practice.In addition,Part of the primary and secondary school also cancelled parents resent various teaching workbook,Tsinghua comes the self-control[Happy manual],The original preview this/Accumulated the/The workbook and so on books become a book,Reduce the number of work.

　　在减少作业时间的基础上，人大附小等学校开展“让作业可爱起来”的研究，教师以“自助餐”方式，将作业分成不同层次，学生可以根据自己的能力和需求选择做作业

On the basis of reduce operating time,National People's Congress, such as primary schools"Let homework lovely up"research,The teacher to"buffet"way,Homework will be divided into different levels,Students can according to their abilities and needs choose to do homework

　　教师应研究个性化作业

Teachers should study individualized operation

　　北京教育学院副教授何育萍认为，除推进考试评价方式改革外，更需要加强教学研究，特别是布置多少量，布置什么样的作业能达到比较好的学习效果。

Beijing education institute, an associate professor at HeYuPing think,In addition to promoting test evaluation way outside the reform,More need to strengthen the teaching research,Especially a few more arrangement,Decorate what kind of work can achieve better learning effect.

　　目前这方面研究少，教育研究者和一线教师应共同研究，研究学科，研究学生，研究学习规律，布置出高效作业。不要增加无谓的低水平、重复的手抄型作业。提高课堂教学有效性，作业少而精，留出更多的课外时间给孩子们阅读、实践，拓宽视野，锻炼身体。

The less research,Education researchers and a line teachers should study together,research,The students,Research learning rule,Decorate the efficient operation.Do not add unnecessary low level/Repeated handwritten type operation.Improve teaching effectiveness,Work fewer but better,Set aside more extracurricular time for children to read/practice,To broaden their horizons,exercise.

　　何育萍还认为，负担是相对的，不同的孩子感受的负担水平不一样。老师要加强学生个性化作业的研究，深度思考对不同的孩子的学习特点和学习基础，可分必做作业和选做作业，满足不同孩子的学习需求。

HeYuPing also believe that,Burden is relative,Different children feel burden level is not the same.The teacher should strengthen students' individualized operation research,Deep thinking on different children's learning characteristics and learning foundation,Can divide will do my homework and choose to do homework,Meet different child's learning needs.

　

　■ 对话 S dialogue

　　不能让作业剥夺孩子的兴趣 Can't let work deprive the child's interest

　　新京报：你建议取消小学生作业是否现实？

The Beijing news:Whether you suggest cancel the pupils work reality?

　　胡兰兰：首先我要声明，我绝对不是反对学习知识，而是反对唯分数至上的评估标准。在作业问题上，让我感到欣慰的是，有很多老师都支持我的想法。小学阶段的孩子，对世界的感知和学习要遵循天性和兴趣，填鸭式教学最容易让孩子失去最宝贵的东西，那就是学习的兴趣和动力。

HuLanLan:First of all, I want to declare,I absolutely not opposed to learning knowledge,But against and score the highest evaluation criteria.In the homework problems,Let me feel gratified is,There are many teachers in support of my idea.Primary school children,To the world's perception and learning to follow nature and interests,Cramming teaching the most easy to let the child lost the most precious thing,That is learning interest and motivation.

　　美国三年级孩子的家庭作业包括跟家人聊天，聊时事和家族变迁，我见过瑞典小学语文课本比其他科目都厚，大部分都是童话故事，让孩子们通过阅读了解人类历史和行为规范。这都不是填鸭式的，反而能使孩子学到比课本更多的东西，这样做是保护孩子的兴趣，让孩子变被动为主动。这都比我们的小学让孩子死记硬背更好。

The three grade children homework include chat with my family,Talk about current events and family changes,I have seen the Swedish primary school Chinese textbook than other subjects thick,Most of them are fairy tales,Let the children through the reading of human history and code of conduct.This is not cramming,It can make the children learn more things than the books,To do so is to protect the interests of the child,Let the children become the passive to active.This is our primary school let children rote better.

　　北航的一个博士对我说，我们只培养工程师而不是科学家，教育的过程扼杀了孩子想像力和创造力。更有甚者，有的幼儿园已经开始布置作业了，孩子在这么小就开始被迫的学习，成年世界的功利主义竞争已渗透到幼儿阶段，这是对儿童的戕害。

Northing a doctor said to me,We only train engineer rather than scientists,Education process killed your child's imagination and creativity.What is more,Some kindergarten has started the homework,In such a small child began was forced to study,Adult world utilitarianism competition has penetrated into early childhood,This is the children's claim.

　　新京报：事实上你提到的措施教育部门都已颁布。

The Beijing news:In fact you mentioned measures education department has been issued.

　　胡兰兰：这是因为学校没有自主办学的权利，教师没有进行教育而不看分数的权利，学生没有按照自然发展规律学习的权利。对教育的评估机制只是单一的分数标准，所以教育部颁布的很多文件根本不可能真正落实，因为你的根本问题没有解决。要遵循教育规律，明白教育的本质，应确保每个人的权利不受干预和侵犯。

HuLanLan:This is because schools do not have the right to run independently,The teacher did not have the right to education and don't score,Students are not in accordance with the natural law of development rights of learning.To education evaluation mechanism is just a single score standard,So the ministry of education issued a lot of documents may not really implement,Because you don't solve problems.To follow the law of education,Understand the nature of education,Shall ensure that each person's rights are unaffected by the intervention and infringement.

　

　■ 声音 S voice

　　家庭作业作用 Homework role

　　【家长】

[parents]

　　海淀一小学生家长：我个人认为，目前小学教育的教学进度太快，孩子们学得过多了，课外的作业应当只剩下自由阅读，而知识点的巩固和复习等应当由老师在学校指导完成。

Haidian a primary school living parents:Personally, I think,The present elementary school education teaching progress too fast,The children learn too much,Extracurricular homework should only free reading,And the knowledge to consolidate and review, etc shall be made by the teacher in the school guidance on the completion.

　　

【教师】 [The teacher]

　　东城一公办小学英语老师：留家庭作业是为巩固当天所教的知识，现在不提倡留机械性作业，学生也没有兴趣，所以有了实践性作业。

East side a public primary school English teacher:Leave homework is to consolidate the knowledge taught,Now don't advocate leave mechanical operation,Students are not interested in,So the practical operation.

　　北京一国际学校英语老师：作业的作用就是复习和预习，如果学生在课堂上就能完成学习任务，就没有必要让孩子在课后再写作业。从英语教学看，课后需要有一个相应的语言环境，孩子回到家自己创造环境，比如进行英语海报、手抄报、剪报的制作。

A Beijing international school English teacher:The role of the homework is to review and preview,If a student in the classroom can complete the study task,You don't need to let the child in the class to write operation.See from the English teaching,The need to have a corresponding language environment,The children came home themselves to create their own environment,Such as English poster/Copies out the newspaper/Clipping production.

　　【专家】

[experts]

　　北京教育学院副教授何育萍：从老师教学的角度来讲，备课、上课、辅导、作业、考试是一个流程，老师通过布置作业可以让学生促进知识的巩固和技能的强化。从学生学习的角度来讲，老师布置的预习、复习等作业是非常必要的，不仅有助于学生巩固知识，更可以培养积极的学习态度和良好的学习习惯。

Beijing education institute, an associate professor at HeYuPing:Teaching from the teacher's point of view,lessons/class/guidance/homework/Test is a process,The teacher through the homework can let students promote consolidation of knowledge and skills of the reinforcement.From the Angle of students learning speaking,Teachers layout preview/Review etc. The operation is very necessary,Not only help students consolidate the knowledge,More can develop a positive attitude to learning and good study habits.

　　作业太多根源

Source too much homework

　　【家长】

[parents]

　　北京一小学生家长：整个大环境下，家长、老师、学校都是被逼的。大环境对学校有要求，学校对老师有考核，家长又在大环境下表现得很矛盾，既心疼孩子学习累，又经过横向比较，不想孩子落后于别人，所有的压力都给了孩子。

A Beijing pupils parents:The whole environment,parents/The teacher/Schools are being appealed.At school environment requirements,School teachers have assessment,And parents in the environment performance very contradiction,Both love children learn tired,After transverse comparison,Don't want children to fall behind others,All the pressure to the child.

　　【教师】

[The teacher]

　　北京某区一所重点小学副校长：北京其他区我还不知道，但就我们区来说我比较了解，各个学校的成绩虽然区里不表扬谁批评谁，但开会时大屏幕上放了第一名是哪个学校，最后一名是哪个学校，当然校长就有压力，最后压力最大的肯定是学生，如果管理部门不改变评价机制，压力大的肯定还是学生，这是我个人的看法。

Beijing district a key primary school vice principal:Beijing other area I don't know,But as we area, I understand better,Each school grades although area not praise who who criticism,But when the meeting on the big screen put the first name is which school,The last name is which school,Of course the headmaster would have pressure,The pressure the biggest affirmation is a student,If the administration does not change the evaluation mechanism,Pressure big affirmation or student,This is my personal opinion.

　　【专家】

[experts]

　　北京教育学院副教授何育萍：表面的根源是跟老师布置作业水平的高低有关，有些老师布置的低水平作业较多。不少家长为了孩子未来升学的需要，在家庭教育中不断给孩子加码。但深层次的根源还是基于考试升学的压力，无论是老师还是家长，加大作业量成为他们无奈应对考试之举。

Beijing education institute, an associate professor at HeYuPing:Is the root cause of the surface with the teacher homework to the level of high and low,Some teachers arrangement of low level more homework.A lot of parents for children study in the future need,In the family education continuously give children pyramid.But deep roots or entrance pressure based on the exam,Either the teacher or parents,Increase the quantity of work become their helpless to an exam.

　　A28-A29版采写/新京报记者 许路阳 杜丁 王荟

A28 - A29 edition article/Beijing news reporter xu road king Yang dutin disclaimer

　　(新京报)

(The Beijing news)