孩子们热腾腾的饭碗只端了一周，就端不下去了。

Children of hot jobs only a week,She not bottom go to.

　　这是支教教师梁栩晔没有想到的挫败，现实永远比理想复杂。她所在的凤凰县腊尔山镇所德小学，几乎浓缩了中国乡村教育的所有严重问题：位于距县城两小时车程的大山深处，是个只有一到三年级的村小，师资中支教教师占一半；114名学生几乎全是留守儿童，不寄宿，最远的上学要走一个多小时；这些蓓蕾般的幼童缺衣少食，一天只能吃两顿……

This is education teachers LiangXu Ye did not think of,Reality always complicated than ideal.She in fenghuang county LaErShan town primary school,Concentrated almost all the serious problem of the education of rural areas in China:In two hours' drive away from the depths of the mountains,Is the only one to three grade school,Teacher education in teachers accounted for half;114 students were almost all children,Don't boarding,The farthest school to go more than an hour;These buds like and children,Can only eat two meal a day...

　　这些年，国家对农村教育的调整，如撤点并校，以及对义务教育阶段学生的“民生”工程，如营养改善计划、校车安全管理等，辐射到了中国乡村最偏远的角落。然而，教育公共政策执行中“一刀切”的痼疾和运行中被腐败黑手染指的忧虑，使得这些公共政策经常置身于舆论的漩涡中，备受批判。

Over the years,State of the adjustment of rural education,If removed some 并校,As well as to the students' compulsory education stage"The people's livelihood"engineering,Such as nutrition improvement plan/The school bus safety management, etc,Radiation to China's most remote corner of the country.However,,Education in public policy implementation"One size fits all"Of chronic illness and was corruption in the operation of black motivation and anxiety,Make these public policy often involved in the vortex of public opinion,Is critical.

　　2012年是乡村教育公共政策的理性回归年，许多公共政策因此而调整。经过一年的运行，国家推出的营养改善计划，供餐模式和透明度已越来越向民间的“免费午餐”项目靠近，简单的牛奶加鸡蛋被多地否定，热饭热菜的食堂餐成了公认的最好模式，而学民间公益机构在微博上晒营养餐账单的做法，也已屡见不鲜。

In 2012 rural education is the rational solar year of public policy,Many public policy and adjustment.After a year of operation,The launch of the national nutrition improvement plan,Feeding mode has become more and more to the folk and transparency"Free lunch"Project near,Simple milk and eggs was more negative,Hot food hot food in the canteen meal has become recognized as the best model,And learn the folk charity in micro bo on the nutrient food bills,Also the case.

　　一些原本被撤掉的学校，又被重新恢复了，撤点并校后清静的乡村，又响起了琅琅读书声。从“矫枉过正”到拨乱返正，乡村教育公共政策正在理性回归。

Some originally be pulled in the school,And has been restored,Removed some 并校 after the quiet of the country,And there was work loud.From the"overkill"To dial the disorderly return is,Rural education of public policy is rational regression.

让“营养餐”变成“免费午餐” let"Balanced diet"Become a"Free lunch"

　　梁栩晔是在发微博曝光了凤凰县腊尔山镇所德小学营养餐严重缩水问题后，借着社会的关注和捐款支持，给孩子们建起了食堂。

LiangXu Ye in FaWei bo exposes LaErShan in fenghuang county town, elementary school nutrition badly shrunk after problems,By the attention of society and financial support,Built the dining room for the children.

　　此前的10月30日，她在微博上抱怨：“我要跟湘西州或者凤凰县教育局掐一架。孩子们午餐越来越缩水了，现在每人每天一片面包片，直径6厘米厚度1.5厘米，还不如卖火柴的小女孩。”

The previous October 30,She complain on the micro bo:"I want to hunan fenghuang county bureau of education or picking a fight.The children more and more for lunch shrunk,Now each a piece of bread every day,6 cm thickness of 1.5 cm in diameter,As the little match girl."

　　这条微博引来社会哗然。凤凰县教育局承认管理上出了漏洞，腊尔山镇所德小学校长、副校长等5人被免职。

This article micro respects to society.Fenghuang county education bureau admits the loopholes in management,LaErShan town primary school principal/Vice President and people have been removed.

　　所德小学的孩子们是不吃午饭的，梁栩晔告诉中国青年报记者，当地大多数村民就没有一日吃三餐的习惯，所以孩子们也是一日吃两餐。“我去支教前，一天当然吃三餐，但去了那儿之后，就吃两餐，其他的老师也都只吃两餐。”

The primary school children do not eat lunch,LiangXu Ye told reporters following the China youth daily,Most local villagers have no the habit of eating three meals a day,So the children are also two meals a day."I go online before,Eat three meals a day, of course,But went there after,He eat two meals,Other teachers are only eat two meals."

　　有了营养餐以后，当地政府会组织送餐车将午餐配送到各个学校，但一个孩子中午能得到的，就是一盒牛奶加一个小面包，或是一盒牛奶加一根火腿肠，但有时候送餐车还来不了，孩子们就只能这样饿着，因此，梁栩晔下定决心要给孩子们建食堂。

A balanced diet,The local government will organize to send diners will lunch distribution to each school,But a child at noon can get,Is a carton of milk and a little bread,Or a carton of milk and a piece of ham sausage,But sometimes send diners also couldn't come,The children can only so hungry,so,LiangXu Ye are determined to build the dining room for the children.

　　拿着网友的捐款，老师们租用农民的厨房，建起了能支三口大锅的灶台，第一天中午，做的菜是油菜炒蛋和豆腐炒肉，孩子们吃得特别兴奋。然而，学生们捧着热饭热菜的开心照片在微博上才出现几天，当地卫生部门就突然出现，提出要健康证和卫生许可证。

With a net friend of donation,Teachers renting peasants' kitchen,Can set up a three big pot in the hearth,The first day at noon,Is rape scrambled eggs and cook tofu stir fry meat,The children eat too excited.However,,Students hold a hot meal hot food happy photo on micro bo did not appear for a few days,The local health department will suddenly appear,Offered to health and hygiene licence.

　　食堂就此陷入停顿。

The dining room to halt.

　　梁栩晔质疑道：所德小学是一所只有三个年级的村小，没有校长没有法人代表，根本不可能提供这些办证材料。

LiangXu Ye question word:The primary school is a only three grade school,Without the principal legal representative,Can't provide these card materials.

　　公益项目“免费午餐”的发起人邓飞一直在关注梁栩晔所遭遇的困境，他一直主张地方政府能够更多地承担责任，不要简单地把营养餐变成牛奶加鸡蛋，最好能是热饭热菜的正餐，“因为很多乡村孩子面临的问题不单是营养问题，首先是吃饱的问题，吃正餐也更符合我们的饮食习惯”。

Public welfare project"Free lunch"The sponsors DengFei has been attention LiangXu Ye encountered difficulties,He has always advocated the local government can be more responsibility,Don't simply make nutrition milk and eggs,Best can be hot food hot food of dinner,"Because a lot of rural children are faced with the problem is not only nutrition question,The first is full of problems,Dinner is more accord with our eating habits".

　　他说，学校食堂供餐是当前最好的模式，既便于管理，又可以比较好地控制食品安全，更重要的是，减少中间渠道的流通成本，可以让孩子们吃得更多更好。

He said,The school dining room for dinner is the best of the current mode,Convenient for management,And it is better to control food safety,It is more important,Decrease of the intermediate channel flow of costs,Can let the children eat more is better.

　　让邓飞感到欣慰的是，他的这一理念得到了越来越多的认同。如四川，明确鼓励学校采用食堂供餐模式，不提倡向企业单位购买的供餐模式。云南昭通则干脆禁止简单地采取统一采购发放现成食品的供餐模式，要求学校有条件的实行食堂供餐，没条件的实行个人或家庭托餐。

Let DengFei is pleased,He got more and more agree with this idea.Such as in sichuan province,Clear encourage schools adopt the pattern dining room for dinner,Meal is not advocated to enterprises purchase mode.Yunnan zhaotong city has banned simply take unified purchasing issue of ready-made food feeding mode,Requires schools have conditions of the dining room for dinner,No conditions of personal or family meal.

　　邓飞告诉中国青年报记者，全国学生营养办也最倾向食堂供餐的模式，12月25日，全国学生营养办印发了《关于进一步做好农村义务教育学生营养改善计划有关工作的通知》，明确提出要加快食堂建设步伐，在2013年年底前基本完成国家试点地区农村学校食堂建设任务。

DengFei told reporters following the China youth daily,The students do most tend to the mode of the dining room for dinner,On December 25,,The students do printing and nutrition[On further completes the rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan on the notice of work],Put forward to speed up the pace of construction of the dining room,In 2013 before the end of the basic national pilot school dining room in the countryside construction task.

　　据报道，所德小学营养餐问题出现后，湖南省教育厅也称要改善各县学校食堂条件，积极推进食堂供餐。

According to the report,Which primary school nutrition problems after,Hunan provincial department of education and to improve the counties school dining room conditions,Actively promote the dining room for dinner.

　　而在信息透明上，广西壮族自治区马山县走在了前面，该县借鉴“免费午餐”微博晒账单的做法，让每个学校把学生营养餐的采购信息发布在微博上，采购品种、数量、单价、总金额甚至负责人等一应俱全。

And on the transparency of information,Mashan county walk in front of the guangxi zhuang autonomous region,The county for reference"Free lunch"Micro bo sun bill,Let every school put its procurement information released on the micro bo,Procurement of/The number of/The unit price/Total amount even charge, etc.

拯救乡村学校 To save the village school

　　对于中国的乡村教育而言，在过去的10年，可能没有一项调整能比撤点并校影响更为深远。

For China's rural education,In the past 10 years,May not be a adjustment can than from some 并校 more far-reaching influence.

　　教育部部长袁贵仁在2011年年底的一次会议中说，从2000年到2010年十年间，我们的小学减少了一半，从55万所减少到26万所。但在同期，全国6~14岁义务教育阶段学龄人口从2000年的2.05亿减少到2010年的1.58亿，只减少了四分之一。

The ministry of education minister yuan guiren indicated said in a meeting at the end of 2011,From 2000 to 2010, 10 years,We reduce the half of the primary school,Reduced from 550000 to 260000.But in the same period,The national compulsory education phase 6 ~ 14 years old student population from 2000 in 205 million to 2010 in 158 million,Only a quarter decreased.

　　《2011年全国教育事业发展统计公报》显示，全国义务教育阶段学校寄宿生3276万人，占义务教育阶段在校生总数的两成。其中，小学寄宿生数1080万人，占小学生总数一成。

[Statistics bulletin of the 2011 national education career development]display,The national compulsory education school 32.76 million boarders,Accounting for twenty percent of the total number of students compulsory education stage.Among them,Primary boarders number 10.8 million,Accounted for ten percent of total number of pupils.

　　这也意味着越来越多的孩子，必须走更远的距离才能到达学校。

It also means more and more children,Must go farther the distance to get to school.

　　撤点并校从新世纪初开始就以狂风骤雨般的态势横扫了中国乡村，“过度调整”的问题一直存在，一些地方政府为了减少投入，打着整合教育资源的旗号，强行撤并学校，甚至出现交通越便利，撤并力度越大的怪现象。

Removed some 并校 just at the beginning of new century trend of storm swept the country China,"Excessive adjustment"The problem has been there,Some local governments in order to reduce the investment,The integration of education resources hunts,Forcibly merging of school,Appear even more convenient traffic,Merging of the greater the intensity of the strange phenomenon.

　　一些地方，因家庭教育支出大增，小孩辍学。还有随之而来的校车安全，以及上学路上的隐忧。

Some places,Because of family education expenditure,Children drop out of school.And followed the school bus safety,The potential and the way to school.

　　中国青年报驻黑龙江记者吕博雄今年5月到黑龙江省林口县朱家镇碱北村采访就发现，当地50多个在镇上上学的高年级孩子，坐一辆18座的破旧中巴车回家，孩子们如同插玉米棒子般挤着。孩子们下车看见家长就开始哇哇大哭，还有几个孩子蹲在路边呕吐。

China youth daily correspondent in heilongjiang LvBoXiong in May this year to heilongjiang province LinKouXian ZhuGuZhen alkali kitamura interview is found,More than 50 local senior children go to school in the town,Sit a 18 old ZhongBaChe home,The children as crowded as in corn bonzi.The children off to see parents began to cry loudly,There are several children squat down on the roadside vomiting.

　　中国教育科学院研究员储朝晖总结认为，撤点并校带来的问题很多，包括交通与饮食安全、营养欠缺、情感不能满足、本土文化认同断裂、文化与科技更难普及、家庭负担过重、超大班额出现、乡村原有教育资源的闲置浪费、学生辍学等。寄宿制学生的住宿、吃饭、运动、卫生、安保、课余生活等多方面的问题也一再出现。

Reservoir, a researcher at the Chinese academy of education from zhaohui conclude,Removed some 并校 brings a lot of problems,Including transportation and food safety/Nutrition lack/Emotions can not meet/Local cultural identity/Culture and science and technology more popularity/The family burden overweight/Large class size/Country of original education resources waste/Students drop out of school and so on.Boarding student accommodation/To eat/sports/health/security/After school life and other aspects of the problem also appeared again and again.

　　2012年5月25日，国务院总理温家宝在湖南湘西武陵山区调研考察时，一些村民就向总理反映，学校太远，孩子太小，接送很不方便，孩子们早出晚归，来回要走两三个小时。温家宝表示，学校调整布局要实事求是，从农村实际出发。要根据实际情况，充分考虑学生年龄、上学路途、安全等问题，建立或恢复一些农村教学点，不要让孩子们的精力都花在路上。

On May 25, 2012,Premier wen jiabao in hunan province in wuling research investigation,Some villagers to the prime minister,The school is too far away,The child is too small,Transport is not very convenient,The children are hoping,Two to three hours to go back and forth.Wen jiabao said,School adjustment of the layout to be practical and realistic,From the actual conditions in rural areas.According to the actual situation,Give full consideration to the student age/Way to school/Security problems, such as,Create or restore some rural school,Don't let the children of energy spent on the road.

　　其实这种工作已经悄然进行，不过前期是民间的自我拯救。吕博雄采访的碱北小学，2007年被撤并，但当地村民抗拒这种撤并，因为孩子的父母大多数都在城里打工，平时都是爷爷奶奶照顾，去17公里外的镇上上学不放心。

Actually this kind of work has been quietly,But early is folk self salvation.LvBoXiong interview of alkali north primary school,By merging in 2007,But local villagers resist this merging,The parents of the children because most of them are working in the city,At ordinary times are grandma and grandpa take care,Not comfortable to 17 kilometers to go to school in the town.

　　为了让村里低年级的孩子少遭罪，碱北村的家长们聚到一起商量，主动按照每个孩子每月100元的标准交学费给两个代课教师，让他们继续留在村里给孩子们上课。

In order to make the village junior children suffer less,Alkali kitamura parents discuss together,Active in accordance with the standards of every child to $100 a month to pay tuition for two substitute teacher,Let them stay in the village for the children in class.

　　吕博雄称，碱北村放弃免收学费的镇小学，用土办法留下了学校，家长们在用这种办法表达对撤点并校的不同意见。

LvBoXiong said,Alkali kitamura give up the town primary school tuition,Covered way to leave the school,Parents expressed in this way to withdraw point 并校 of different opinions.

　　而在江苏省睢宁县梁集镇傅楼村，2012年也恢复了琅琅书声，18个孩子出现在了这个教学点。媒体报道称，曾在2003年撤并的傅楼小学，今年由睢宁县财政投入100万元新建了7间教室和教学设备，并委派年轻能力强的教师来此任教，解决了不少农村留守儿童的上学难题。当地村民们说，如果这个教学点不恢复的话，孩子们将往返6里以外的地方去读书。

In jiangsu province suining beam floor fu village of the town,In 2012 and returned to work ShuSheng,18 a child in the school.Media reports say,In 2003 the merging of fu building primary school,Investment of 1 million yuan this year by the finance of the suining seven new classrooms and teaching equipment,And assign ability of the young teachers to teach here,Solve the difficult problem of rural rear children's school.Local villagers said,If the school does not recover,The children will go to study 6 places outside in the back and forth.

　　《中国教育报》称，2012年年初，徐州市开始重新研究完善农村中小学布局规划调整方案，预计投资约5.7亿元，新建、改扩建学校121所，解决12987名家校距离5公里以上学生的上学远问题，逐步解决农村地区学校布局不合理，部分学生上下学距离过远等问题。

[China education news]said,In early 2012,Xuzhou city, began to study perfect layout adjustment scheme in rural primary and secondary schools,Is expected to invest about 570 million yuan,The new/121 schools and expansion,Solve 12987 famous school more than 5 km distance from the student's school is far,Step by step to solve the rural school layout is not reasonable,Part of students 上下学 distance too far, and so on.

　　储朝晖说，就近入学这一政策具有积极的政策价值，是今后相当长的一段时期必须坚持的原则，孩子们上学的路途不应漫长而遥远，青春年少时光也不应过多耗费在上学路上。

Reservoir from zhaohui said,To enter the policy has positive value,Is a long time in the future must adhere to the principle of,The children go to school the way should not be long and far away,Youth young also should not spend too much time on the way to school.