“不拼爹”的高考？——解读“重庆版”异地高考方案 "Don't spell dad"The university entrance exam?-- -- reading"Chongqing version"Different college entrance examination scheme

　　重庆日前公布异地高考方案，并将于2013年开始实施。方案规定外来务工者只要在重庆有合法稳定工作和住所，无社保纳税门槛，随迁子女只需在重庆高中就读并具备三年完整学籍。此外，在渝就读中职的非重庆籍学生，父母不论是否在重庆均可报考。

Chongqing has different college entrance examination,And will be started in 2013.Plan provisions of migrant laborers as long as there is stable legal residence and work in chongqing,No social security tax threshold,SuiQian children need high schools in chongqing and has complete three years.In addition,Non - chongqing student attending school in chongqing,Parents whether in chongqing can enter oneself for an examination.

　　作为全国最早实施异地高考的方案，重庆异地高考方案也被称为“史上最宽松异地高考方案”。这个宽松的方案是重庆特殊地方社情决定的，作为一个典型样本，其对全国异地高考有哪些借鉴和启发？记者采访了相关专家。

As the earliest implementation of different college entrance examination,Chongqing foreign college entrance examination scheme is also called"In the history of the most comfortable one college entrance examination".The loose scheme is chongqing special place situation decision,As a typical sample,What are its place in the national college entrance examination reference and inspiration?Reporters interviewed the relevant experts.

放宽门槛“不拼爹”的方案为什么能行得通？ On the threshold"Don't spell dad"Why can the scheme of work?

　　方案内容——具备在重庆高中阶段三年连续完整的学籍并就读，其中普通高中学生家长(父亲或母亲)在重庆有合法稳定职业、合法稳定住所(含租赁)，中职学生家长不作条件限制；符合重庆是普通高考其他报名条件。

Plan - have in chongqing high school three years of continuous full status and studying,The ordinary high school student's parents(Father or mother)In chongqing have legitimate stable career/Stability and legal residence(Of the lease),School students parents will not be restricted conditions;Other condition signing up with chongqing is common the university entrance exam.

　　专家解读——重庆市政协委员程德安教授：重庆出台的异地高考方案中关于社保、纳税等的限制大大放宽，一般的外来务工人员都能达标，这意味着重庆向异地高考“拼爹”说“不”。

Experts read - chongqing municipal committee of the Chinese people's political consultative conference committee ChengDeAn professor:Chongqing of different college entrance examination scheme about social security/The limitation of tax and greatly relaxed,The average migrant workers can be standard,This means that chongqing to other college entrance examination"Spell dad"said"Don't".

　　西南政法大学王安白教授：重庆实施开放的异地高考政策，与其经济模式和发展环境息息相关。重庆作为年轻的直辖市，并不像京津沪等地形成了资源积累优势，无论是人才资源和教育资源都比较匮乏，加上重庆的本地产业发展，需要大量的产业工人，因此采取开放的政策更能吸引人才、留住人才，从而促进经济社会发展。

Southwest university of political science and law professor WangAnBai:Chongqing open the implementation of the foreign policy of the university entrance exam,Its economic mode and development environment.Chongqing as a young municipality directly under the central government,Don't like tianjin, Shanghai and other places formed the accumulated resources advantage,Both talent and education resources are scarce,Combined with the local industry development in chongqing,Need a large amount of industrial workers,So adopt the open policy can attract more talents/Keep talents,So as to promote economic and social development.

为什么能“率先实施”？ Why can"Take the lead in the implementation of the"?

　　方案内容——方案从2013年开始实施。

Solutions - since 2013.

　　专家解读——王安白教授：就各地已经出台的异地高考方案来看，实施时间最早定在2014年，而重庆异地高考实施的时间是2013年。

Experts read - WangAnBai professor:It is of different college entrance examination scheme,Implemented in 2014, the earliest time,And chongqing different implementation of the university entrance exam in 2013.

　　异地高考实施过程中，有两个问题无法回避，一是名额挤占问题，一是财政负担问题。异地高考意味着外来考生与当地考生同等竞争，毫无疑问会挤占当地的录取名额，而我国高校的录取名额是区域划分的。此外，外来考生进入本地就学，当地政府要承担一定的教育经费。以上两种原因导致教育资源丰厚的省份，推行异地高考的热情有限。

Different college entrance examination in the process of implementation,There are two problem is unable to avoid,One is the number of my pressing problems,Is a financial burden.Different college entrance examination means that foreign and local candidates equal competition,There is no doubt that will occupy the local admissions quota,And admission number of China's colleges and universities is divided into areas.In addition,Foreign students enter the local school,The local governments to assume a certain amount of education funds.The above two reasons lead to education resources rich provinces,Carrying out different the enthusiasm of the university entrance exam is limited.

　　程德安教授：不同家庭的子女享受平等教育权，已经是全社会的共识。虽然现在推行起来困难重重，但是平等接受教育的权利意识已经深入人心。鉴于目前的这种状况，应当从国家层面制定异地高考时间表，并且针对异地高考中涉及的名额、财政问题制订详细的方案，这样异地高考才能够有长效机制。

Professor ChengDeAn:The children of different family enjoy equal education,Is already the consensus of the whole society.Despite difficulties to implement it now,But the right to receive education equality consciousness already thorough popular feeling.In view of this situation at present,Should make the different from national level the university entrance exam timetable,And in view of the different of the quota of people involved in the college entrance examination/Financial problems for the detailed plan,Such other college entrance examination can have a long-term mechanism.

　　“阳光高考”能杜绝“高考移民”吗？ "The university entrance exam"To put an end to"College entrance examination immigration"??

　　方案内容——符合报考条件的随迁子女考生须将相关信息在其所属高中班级，学校和报名所在地考试机构进行三级公示，确保此特殊类型考生的报考信息及证明材料真实有效，接受学校和社会的监督、实现“阳光高考”。

Scheme - which meets the conditions to enter oneself for an examination SuiQian children examinee should be relevant information in their high school class,A three-tier public schools and registration is located test institutions,To ensure that the special type examinee enter oneself for an examination of the real and effective information and proof materials,Accept the supervision of the school and society/To realize the"The university entrance exam".

　　专家解读——西南大学教育学部教育经济与管理系主任杨挺教授：异地高考最大的难题在于教育资源分配不均所带来的“高考移民”问题。设置三年完整学籍、在当地就读、父母有稳定工作和住所等准入门槛是必要的，否则将会导致流入地教育资源紧缺。高考不是一次性考试，而是检验完整高中教育的过程，因此，重庆在实施异地高考方案的过程中一方面要严格学籍档案管理，避免出现“挂空挡”的“高考移民”，同时还应对家长的工作和住所情况进行细化规定，防止界定过严或过松导致的不公平现象。

Experts interpret - southwest university education ministry of the dean professor osseo-asare k. synthesis education economy and management:Different college entrance examination's biggest problem is that caused by uneven distribution of education resources"College entrance examination immigration"The problem.Set up complete three years/In the local school/Parents have stable work and residence admittance threshold is necessary,Otherwise it will lead to defined the education resources.The university entrance exam is not a one-time test,But the inspection process of complete high school education,so,Chongqing in the process of the implementation scheme of different college entrance examination on the one hand want to admitted to the university archives management,avoid"Hang a neutral"the"College entrance examination immigration",Also the working condition and shelter to parents thinning,To define too strict or too loose in the unfair phenomena.

　　王安白教授：因“高考移民”会挤占当地名额、增加当地财政负担等原因，全国各地政府遏制“高考移民”的热情普遍较高，并取得了一定的经验。重庆的基本门槛限制以及三级公示制度，固然可以对“高考移民”起到抑制作用，但要想从根本上解决“高考移民”问题，还是要推行教育资源均等化，让“高考移民”失去迁移的必要。(记者韩振、周凯)

Professor WangAnBai:Because of the"College entrance examination immigration"Will occupy the local places/To increase the local fiscal burden and other reasons,All over the country government"College entrance examination immigration"The enthusiasm of the generally higher,And has obtained the certain experience.The basic threshold limit of chongqing and three public system,It can be"College entrance examination immigration"Inhibitory effect,But if you want to solve"College entrance examination immigration"The problem,Still need to promote equal access to education resources,let"College entrance examination immigration"Loss of migration.(The reporter demertzis s/chu-kai)

　　(新华网)

(Xinhua net)