今年5月，第一次参加“一对一”支教活动的中央财经大学学生志愿者李昊，来到了安徽籍流动儿童闫石在北京肖家河社区的家。对志愿活动充满期待的李昊，一路上都在盘算着怎样尽可能简单明了地把知识教给孩子。

In may this year,First time to attend"One by one"The central university of finance and economics student volunteers LiHao of education activities,Came to AnHuiJi migrant children in Beijing 闫石 XiaoGuHe community's house.To volunteer activities LiHao full of expect,Contemplating how to as far as possible simple and clear all the way to teach your child the knowledge.

　　“虽然对支教的环境有一定心理准备，但置身其间时，还是感到一些意外。闫石的家是合租房，一个破旧的大院里住了四五户人家，院子里堆满了杂物，晚上有时还没电。”李昊在当天的支教日记里这样写道。

"Although the environment of education has a certain psychological preparation,But in meantime,Still feel some accident.闫石 house is rent,A shabby big hospital in four or five families,The yard was sundry,Sometimes in the evening haven't electricity."LiHao writes in the teaching diary of the day.

　　闫石和爷爷奶奶住在一起，功课平时由爷爷辅导。但爷爷知识水平有限，加上年纪又大了，对辅导闫石的功课力不从心。“闫石是一个十分聪明的小孩，教生字时，他看上5秒钟就能默写下来。爷爷看到我们给闫石辅导功课十分高兴，洗了梨、倒了果汁招待我们，这也许是爷爷能拿出的最好的待客之物了吧。”李昊说。

闫石 and grandpa's grandmother lived together,Work at ordinary times by grandpa.But grandpa's knowledge level is limited,And and old,To coach 闫石 lessons."闫石 is a very clever children,When teaching new words,He can write down a liking for five (5) seconds.Grandpa to see we are very glad to give 闫石 counselling homework,Wash the pear/Pour the juice for us,Perhaps this is grandpa can take out the best hospitality thing in the world."LiHao said.

　　刚刚完成“家庭迁移与稳定城市化”课题研究的中国社科院农村发展研究所檀学文副研究员指出，中国的城市化是一个包含多个步骤的过程，其最终目标是使农村居民变为城市居民，在城市扎根生活。留守和流动儿童问题从属于城市化进程。只有当农村劳动力及其家庭均能进入城市生活时，城市化才具有稳定性和可持续性。

Have just finished"Stable family migration and urbanization"Research of the rural development institute of Chinese academy TanXueWen associate researcher said,China's urbanization is a process of containing multiple steps,Its ultimate goal is to make the rural population into urban residents,Took root in the city life.Problems of children left behind and flow from belongs to the urbanization process.Only when the rural labor force and their families can enter the city life,Urbanization is the stability and sustainability.

　　流动儿童群体伴随城市化进程的加快正不断扩大。中国少年儿童基金会发布的《中国儿童慈善需求研究报告(2012)》指出，全国14周岁以下流动儿童的数量达到1833万。这些儿童有的跟随父母从农村来到城市，有的就在城市出生并长大。不容忽视的是，这些儿童在成长中，实实在在地感受着户籍制度带来的身份差别和待遇差别。

Group of migrant children along with the acceleration of urbanization is increasing.Issued by the China children's foundation[Chinese children's charity demand research report(2012)]Pointed out that,The number of the migrant children under age 14 18.33 million.These children have followed their parents from rural to urban,Some just was born and brought up in the city.Is that can not be ignored,These children are growing up,Really feel the household registration system to bring the identity of the difference and treatment.

　　檀学文指出，要推动农村劳动力家庭迁移，促进不稳定城市化向稳定城市化转变，流动儿童教育是一个有待解决的现实问题。

TanXueWen pointed out that,To promote the rural labor force migration family,Promote urbanization instability to the stability of urbanization,Migrant children education is a real problem to be solved.

良好的基础教育：流动儿童健康成长的关键 Good foundation education:The key to the floating children's healthy growth

　　流动儿童的成长环境究竟如何？2012年6月至10月，半月谈社情民意调查中心特别策划开展了“城市化浪潮中的流动儿童成长”大型调查，在北京、浙江慈溪这两个流动人口聚集度和现代化程度较高的城市，针对流动儿童家长发放问卷，意在通过对一大一小、一北一南两个外来人口流入地相关情况的分析对比，客观呈现流动儿童群体的成长状况。

Flow of children's growth environment how?In June, 2012 to October,Special planning carried out 半月谈 public opinion research center"Urbanization wave of migrant children grow up"A large survey,In Beijing/Zhejiang cixi these two floating population together with higher levels of degrees and modern city,In view of the floating children's parents a questionnaire,See through the one big one small/A north and a south two floating population defined related the comparative analysis of the situation,Objective to present the growth condition of migrant children groups.

　　调查共回收有效问卷2556份。本次调查，描绘出了我国流动儿童家庭的基本生活状况。82.2%的打工家庭年收入在5万元以下，其中有二成家庭年收入不到1万元。流动儿童的父母八成以上是初中或小学文化水平，仅有不到1%的人念过大学。

2556 questionnaires survey was valid.This survey,Describe the basic living conditions of migrant children family in our country.82.2% of working families with an income below 50000 yuan,Twenty percent family annual income less than 10000 yuan.Flow more than eighty percent of parents of children is the junior middle school or elementary school culture level,Less than 1% of the population read university.

　　由于不具备知识上的优势，打工者的职业集中于“个体经营或者做买卖”“在公司企业打工”“建筑工人”“服务性工作”。近六成打工者(58.8%)在进城务工的3年之内，就把孩子从农村接到城市一起生活，但由于孩子大多出生在农村(78.6%)，大多是农村户口(90.9%)，在城市接受教育存在现实难题。

Because do not have the advantage of knowledge,Professional focus on migrant workers"Individual business or doing business""Enterprises' doing a part-time job in the company""Construction workers""Service work".Nearly sixty percent of migrant workers(58.8%)Migrant workers in the 3 years,I put together from rural to urban life,But because most of children born in the countryside(78.6%),Mostly rural registered permanent residence(90.9%),In the city to accept education present problems.

　　进城务工人员对子女教育表现出了充分的重视。过去一年，流动儿童的教育支出在被访家庭消费支出中的比重，5%至10%的占34%，10%以上的占51%。家长们笃信，好的教育可以给孩子更多机会和出路。

Migrant workers in the children's education show full attention.In the past year,Migrant children education spending in the proportion of consumer spending was to visit family,5% to 10% of the 34%,More than 10% of the 51%.The parents believe,Good education can give children more opportunity and way out.

　　但是，流动儿童的入学问题，始终是打工家庭在城市生活的一大痛点。由于种种原因，许多流动儿童选择入读打工子弟学校。调查结果显示，42.0%的流动儿童在打工子弟学校就读，1.5%在公立学校就读，而有56.5%的流动儿童两种学校都上过。

but,Migrant children in the entrance,Family is always working in a spot of city life.A variety of reasons,Many migrant children choose to work in children.According to the survey results,42.0% of the migrant children in school work sons,1.5% in public schools,And 56.5% of the migrant children both school on.

　　提及选择打工子弟学校的原因，近半数接受调查的家长认为“工作不稳定，方便转学”(45.5%)是最重要的影响因素，而“不用办理借读证”(23.8%)“收费低”(18.8%)紧随其后。调查同时显示，小学入学后，流动儿童平均转学次数为1.1次，表明一些流动儿童的基础教育缺乏体系和完整性。

Mention children school job choice,Nearly half of parents surveyed think"Work is not stable,Easy to transfer"(45.5%)Is the most important factors,and"Don't have to deal with unwelcome"(23.8%)"Low fees"(18.8%)Followed by.Investigation shows at the same time,After the primary school,Migrant children transfer an average of 1.1 times,Result indicates that lack of the basis of some migrant children education system and completeness.

　　不连贯的学习会影响流动儿童基础教育的效果。北京市海淀社工发展中心总干事吴桐向本刊记者介绍说，该中心已经连续3年对流动儿童群体开展支教活动。志愿者在支教中发现，流动儿童大多比较懂事，懂得照顾弟弟妹妹，但在学习上普遍存在这样那样的问题，如不喜欢英语或某一别的学科、书写不工整、看书写字姿势不好等。由于这些孩子普遍有转学经历，不利于培养良好的学习习惯和方法。

Learning is not coherent can affect the effect of the floating children's basic education.Beijing haidian social work development center chief WuTong to introduce your correspondent said,The center of groups of migrant children education for three consecutive years.Volunteers found in education,Most migrant children is more reasonable,Know how to take care of brother and sister,But in the study generally such and such problems,If you don't like English or other subjects/Writing is not regular/Reading and writing bad posture, etc.Because these children generally have transfer,To develop good study habits and methods.

均等化公共服务：打工家庭的共同期盼 Equal access to public services:Work of the family together

　　“从父母那代外出打工，到我们这代全家进城生活，日子是比过去好了，但最担心的是孩子这代人。在农村他们没有土地，在城市，他们能有什么？他们长大了靠什么？”浙江籍打工者李响对本刊记者说。

"The generation of migrant from their parents,To our generation family life in the city,The day is better than the past,But the most worried about is the child generation.In the rural areas they have no land,In the city,They can have?They grew up on?"Zhejiang by migrant workers li said to your correspondent.

　　享受均等化的公共服务，是打工家庭共同的心愿。调查显示，打工父母最希望政府出台的流动儿童融入政策是“提供免费进公立学校的机会”，选择这一项的受访者占到了67.5%。同时，他们还希望政府能为子女提供更多的就业机会，提供医疗、文化等公共服务，为孩子办理城市户口。

Enjoy the equal access to public service,Is a wish of common working families.According to the survey,Working parents want most migrant children into the policy is issued by the government"The opportunity to provide free into the public schools",Accounted for 67.5% of respondents choose this one.At the same time,They also hope the government can provide more employment opportunities for their children,Provide medical/Culture and other public services,For their children to deal with urban registered permanent residence.

　　不容忽视的事实是，目前在一些地方，流动人口仍难完全享受到市民待遇，公共服务有待进一步完善。例如在找学校的问题上，父母为孩子找到目前就读的学校，78.4%通过“自己联系学校”，“社区和政府部门安排”(8.9%)及“工作单位协助解决”(6.4%)的比例比较低。再例如借读证要到老家的街道办事处、村委会或当地教育局办理，这给打工家长带来了两地奔波的不便，办理时间从一个星期到半年不等。

The fact is that nots allow to ignore,Now in some places,The floating population is still difficult to fully enjoy the treatment of citizens,Public service needs to be further perfected.Such as looking for the issue of the school,Parents for their children to find the school,78.4% by"You contact the school","Community and government departments"(8.9%)and"Work unit to assist"(6.4%)The proportion of relatively low.Again for instance unwelcome to the street agency of their hometown/Village committee or the local education bureau,This brings both parents working the hustle and bustle of inconvenience,To deal with time ranging from a week to half a year.

　　北京作为首都，吸引着来自全国各地的流动人口；而慈溪市属于浙江省，地处长江三角洲，是全国县域经济最发达的县级市之一，其发达的加工制造业吸引了大量外来务工人员。两者都是流动人口数量众多的地区，但在流动儿童教育的具体事项上，表现出一定差异。

Beijing as the capital,Attracts migrants from all over the country;The cixi city belongs to zhejiang province,Is located in the Yangtze river delta,The county economy one of the most developed cities in the country,The advanced manufacturing industry has attracted a large number of migrant workers.Both are large areas of the floating population,But on the specific item of the floating children's education,Show a certain differences.

　　调查显示，两地父母教育支出存在差距：北京地区流动儿童父母教育支出占家庭消费比重在15%以上的比例达到33.7%，而在慈溪，这一比例仅有9.7%。此外，北京和慈溪的流动儿童在就读稳定性方面也呈现出差异性。受访流动儿童在北京的平均就读年数(3.8年)比慈溪(3.5年)略长，同时北京流动儿童的转学次数(1.9次)高于慈溪(0.9次)。

According to the survey,Both parents education spending gap:Migrant children in Beijing parents education spending accounts for over 15% of the household consumption ratio reached 33.7%,And in cixi,This ratio is only 9.7%.In addition,Beijing and cixi of migrant children in studying the stability has been on a business trip.Questioned the average student years of migrant children in Beijing(3.8 years)Than cixi(3.5 years)A little long,At the same time, Beijing's migrant children transfer number(1.9 times)Higher than cixi(0.9 times).

扎根城市：给孩子一把圆梦的梯子 Root city:Give children the interpreting of the ladder

　　科学家、发明家、飞行员、画家、歌唱家、魔术师、周游世界的记者、特种兵……在本次调查中填写“我的理想”一栏时，2500多名流动儿童用稚嫩的笔触，认真地写下了一个个生动的梦想。数据显示，与农村相比，80%以上的流动儿童更喜欢生活在城市。

scientists/inventors/The pilot/The painter/singer/The magician/Travel around the world/Commando...In this survey to fill out"My ideal"When a column,More than 2500 children with young,Carefully write down, a vivid dream.Data showed that,Compared with the rural,More than 80% of the migrant children prefer to live in the city.

　　调查显示，在影响流动儿童快乐成长的因素中，“家庭经济条件不够好”(27.0%)“难以获得优质、方便的基础教育”(20.0%)和“难以参与到社区的各种活动中去”(19.6%)居前三位。而“缺乏能共同成长的好伙伴”“孩子心里孤单，依赖互联网”“方言、衣着等与城市学生不同而导致某种自卑心理”等心理上的因素也对流动儿童的成长有重要影响。

According to the survey,Among the factors influencing the migrant children grow happily,"Home economic conditions is not good enough"(27.0%)"It is difficult to get high quality/Convenience of basic education"(20.0%)and"To participate in community activities"(19.6%)In the top three.and"Lack of good partner to grow together""Children alone,Rely on the Internet""dialect/Clothes and cities such as students' different and cause some inferiority mentality"Psychological factors such as also has important influence on the growth of children.

　　与城市孩子相比，流动儿童的课余生活显得单调乏味。

Compared with the city children,Migrant children's school life seem tedious.

　　调查显示，每天的课程结束后，“上网、看电视等娱乐活动”(29.6%)“帮助父母做家务或打理生意”(29.5%)以及“学习”(24.2%)成为流动儿童的主要活动。当城市孩子把多姿多彩的课外兴趣班作为丰富、提高自己的必由之路时，超过八成的流动儿童表示从未参加过收费的兴趣班。

According to the survey,Over the course of the day,"Get to the Internet/Entertainment activities such as watching TV"(29.6%)"Help parents do the housework or to do business"(29.5%)As well as"learning"(24.2%)Become the main activities of migrant children.When the colorful extracurricular interest class as a rich city children/Improve their only way,More than eighty percent of children said they had never participated in charge of the cake course.

　　调查显示，86.3%的流动儿童没有跟城市孩子同班上学，流动儿童接触的大部分是跟自己一样的流动儿童。甚至有7.1%的孩子在调查中表示自己“没什么朋友”。儿童的城市化通常要从适应语言和风俗习惯开始。然而对流动儿童来说，缺乏和流入地城市人口的交流，会让他们在语言融入上产生持续的障碍，并且不能调节自身的行为以适应当地社会的规范，这种情况下，真正融入城市往往很难做到。

According to the survey,86.3% of the migrant children have no children my school to the city,Migrant children contact like you most of the migrant children.Even 7.1% of the children in the survey said"No friends".The urbanization of children usually start to adapt to the language and customs.But for migrant children,Lack of communication and defined the city population,Will let them in the language in which the obstacles,And cannot regulate their own behavior to adapt to the norms of the society,This kind of circumstance,Really melt into the city it is difficult to do it.

　　“在满足流动人口教育需求、更好地实现教育公平的道路上，我们还有很长的路要走。”吴桐对本刊记者说，打工流入地政府应该更好地担负起为流动人口提供基础教育的责任，这已经成为社会共识。同时，希望地方政府在流动人口教育问题上，能更多地发挥社会组织的力量，以创新方式优化流动儿童成长环境。(记者 许小丹 韩晓萌)

"In the education of the floating population needs/On the way of better realize the education fair,We still have a long way to go."WuTong told this newspaper reporters,Job defined government should better shoulder the responsibility of the provide a basic education for the floating population,This has become a social consensus.At the same time,I hope the local government on the education problem of floating population,Can play more the power of social organization,With innovation way to optimize the environment of floating children's growth.(The reporter XuXiaoDan HanXiaoMeng)