近代教育家蔡元培在清末民初先后留学德国和法国，目睹西方国家大学男女并收同校共学，感慨良多又向往不已。

Modern educator CAI yuanpei in the late qing dynasty has study in Germany and France,See western national university and the men and women were opposed to learn,Feeling a lot and yearning unceasingly.

　　1916年底，蔡元培出任北京大学校长。次年初到校履职后，他就大刀阔斧改造这座旧式学堂，各项举措相继出台，使之朝着研究高深学问、培养学问家人格的新型大学迈进。1920年又来了个一鸣惊人:“北大”开放大学女禁！

By the end of 1916,CAI yuanpei as Beijing university President.In early times to school after the resumption,He drastic reform the old school,Various measures have issued,In the study of higher learning/XueWenGu personality cultivation of new university forward.In 1920 came a blockbuster:"north"The Open University female forbidden!

　　蔡元培开大学女禁的过程，颇为艰难曲折。

CAI yuanpei Open University female forbidden process,Rather arduous and tortuous.

　　当时，虽已进入共和民国，男尊女卑的陋俗依然根深蒂固，不论官场还是民间，仍将“女子无才便是德”、“男女授受不亲”等奉为金科玉律。

At that time,Although has entered the republic republican,Men are superior to women's custom is still deeply rooted,No matter officialdom or folk,Will still"Innocence is the virtue for women without"/"Men and women ShouShouBuQin"And as the golden rule.

　　有鉴于此，蔡元培校长先造舆论。他在北京青年会作了《贫民院与贫儿教育关系》的讲演，主张仿效欧美男女同校共读:“外国的小学与大学，没有不是男女同校的，美国的中学也是大多数男女同校。我们现在国民小学外，还没有这种组织……我们还能严守从前男女的界限，逆这世界大潮流么？”这篇讲话在社会上流传开来，受到众多年轻知识女性的欢迎。

In view of this,CAI yuanpei principal first made public opinion.He was in Beijing for the association[The courtyard and the pauper education relations]speech,Follow that Europe and the United States coeducation read:"Foreign school and university,No not coed,American high school most coeducation.We are now the national primary school,Don't have this kind of organization……We can strictly once upon a time limit of men and women,Reverse the world big trend??"This speech in society spreads,By numerous young intellectual women welcome.

　　“慕男女平等之义”的甘肃女子师范学校学生邓春兰，阅读蔡元培的讲话后，深受鼓舞，于当年5月中旬写了《春兰上蔡校长书》:“今阅贵校日刊，知先生在贫儿院演说，主张男女平等。我辈欲要求于国立大学增女生席，不于此时更待何时？春兰愿为全国女子开一先例，如蒙允准，即负笈来京，联络同志，正式呈请。”

"For equality between men and women of righteousness"The gansu province women's normal school students DengChunLan,After reading CAI yuanpei's speech,encouraged,In the middle of may wrote[Chunlan ShangCai principal book]:"Today read your issue,Mr. Know the pauper school speech,feminist.For my generation to increase national university girl mat,Not at this time in the going is good?Chunlan may for the national women's a precedent,If you would grant,Namely FuJi those,Contact comrade,Formally invited."

　　其时正值“五四”运动爆发时，蔡元培因抗议当局残酷镇压学生，已于5月9日愤而辞职，去了老家绍兴息影，所以未能见到邓春兰的信，此事也就暂无结果。6月间，邓春兰又发出了《请报界诸先生转全国女子中学毕业暨高等小学毕业诸位同志书》，呼吁知识女生自身奋斗，争取进入大学。北京《晨报》、上海《民国日报》发表了邓春兰的两封信，引起各方关注，众多有识之士表同情支持。

Time value"The May 4th"Movement outbreak,CAI yuanpei in protest at the authorities brutal crackdown students,Already on May 9, FenErCiZhi,Went to the hometown was even willing to shaoxing,So DengChunLan failed to see the letter,It is no results.Between June,DengChunLan and sent out[Please press the Sir Turn the national women's high school graduation and higher primary school comrade you book],Calls for knowledge girls own struggle,To enter the university.Beijing[morning]/Shanghai[The republic of daily]Published DengChunLan two letters,Attracted public attention,Many a man of insight sympathy support.

　　由于各方极力挽请，蔡元培于9月12日返回北大复职，看到了邓春兰的来函，还接到了“新青年一分子”谢楚桢的信，信中代表全国女界请求北大开放女禁。他遂于12月13日复函，表示完全赞同在北大实行男女同校。

Due to the parties in please,CAI yuanpei on September 12 to return to north reinstated,See the letter of DengChunLan,Also received"The new youth a molecule"XieChuZhen letter,The letter on behalf of the national women request north open female forbidden.He then on December 13, reply,Said the north agree with the coeducation.

　　开大学女禁，既有社会守旧势力的阻挠，又有北京政府的压力。早在1918年底，教育部就曾行文北京大学，内有语云:“国立大学为社会视听所系，所有女生旁听办法，务须格外慎重，以免发生弊端。”

Open University female the,Both social conservative forces block,And the pressure of the government in Beijing.As early as the end of 1918,The ministry of education has style or manner of Beijing university,There were language cloud:"National university for the society is seeing and hearing,All the girls sit in way,Must more cautious,In order to avoid has the disadvantages."

　　蔡元培以其勇气与睿智，有理有节摆脱教育部的羁绊，请看他与《中国新报》访员的谈话:大学之开女禁问题，则予以为不必有所表示，因教育部所定规程，对于大学学生，本无限于男女之规定，如选举法中之选举权者。且稽诸欧美各国，无不男女并收，故予以为无开女禁与否之问题。即如北京大学明年招生时，倘有程度相合适之女学生，尽可报考，如程度及格，亦可录取也。

CAI yuanpei with its courage and wisdom,Rational nodulation get rid of the fetters of the ministry of education,Look at him and[New China]FangYuan conversation: university on the female the problem,It shall be for don't have anything said,Because of the ministry of education set by rules,For college students,The provisions of the infinite in men and women,Such as the electoral law of the voting rights.And records the Europe and the United States,And all the men and women,So be for no open female forbidden or not the problem.That is when recruit students such as Peking University next year,If any suitable degree of the female students,May enter oneself for an examination,Such as degree pass,Can also admitted.

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　　有教师担心政府兴师问罪，建议蔡校长先请教育部核准。他理直气壮道:“教育部的大学令，并没有专收男生的规定，从前女生不来要求，所以没有女生，现在女生来要求，而程度又够得上，大学就没有拒绝的理。”

The teacher concerns that the government make a punitive expedition against,Suggest CAI President first please to the ministry of education for approval.He walk tall way:"The ministry of education to the university,And not only accept the provisions of the boys,Once upon a time the girl not to ask,So there is no girl,Now the girl to ask,And the degree and well enough,University is not refuse reason."

　　对此顾颉刚的《悼蔡元培先生》一文中也有叙述:当时有女生要求进入北大读书，这使得校中办事人为难了，究竟答应不答应呢？蔡先生说，章程上并没有说只收男生不收女生的话，我们把她们收进来就是了。

To the gu[Regret Mr. CAI yuanpei]The article also have narrative: when a girl is required to get into north reading,This makes the workmen in the test,What promise not to promise it?Mr. CAI said,The articles of association and didn't say only accept boys don't accept girls words,We put them just accept to come in.

　　江苏无锡女青年王兰成了近水楼台先得月，她托在“北大”就读的弟弟王昆仑，要求入校读书，蔡元培欣然准允，因为已过了招生时间，所以先在一年级旁听，时间是1920年2月中旬。请看王昆仑的《蔡元培先生二三事》:那时，我姐姐正因病失学在家，她很想进北大求学。我就去问蔡校长。蔡校长问我:“她敢来吗？”我说:“她敢。”蔡校长说:“可以让她来试试。”这样，她就成了北京大学第一个女生，这就开了男女同校的新风尚。

Jiangsu wuxi young woman is wang LAN became a tun,She has in"north"In WangKunLun brother,Enrolling for reading,CAI yuanpei readily quasi permissible,Because has the time of recruit students,So in a first grade audit,Time is the middle of February 1920.Please look at the WangKunLun[Mr. CAI yuanpei two or three things]: then,My sister is due to illness to drop out of school at home,She is very want to go to Peking University to study.I ask President CAI.CAI President ask me:"She dared to??"I say:"She dared."CAI said the principal:"Can let her to try."this,She became the first girl in Beijing university,This opened the co-ed new fashion.

　　消息传出，又有江苏的奚浈、查晓园两名女生进入北京大学成为旁听生。至3月中又增加了6位女生:甘肃的邓春兰、贵州的杨寿璧、四川的赵懋芸、赵懋华、天津的韩恂华、安徽的程勤若。

News spread,And Xi Zhen of jiangsu/Check xiao garden two girls into Beijing university become auditor.To 3 months and increases the six girls: DengChunLan in gansu/Guizhou YangShouBi/Sichuan ZhaoMaoYun/ZhaoMaoHua/Tianjin Korea Xun China/Anhui province ChengQin if.

　　秋季招考时，蔡元培决定正式招收女生，以上9名女生都被录取，对此，他的《我在北京大学》中有记:“我是素来主张男女平等的，九年(指民国9年，即1920年)有几名女学生要求进校，以考期已过，姑录为旁听生，及暑假招考，就正式招收女生。”

Autumn when recruitment,CAI yuanpei decided to formally for girls,More than nine girls be accepted,this,his[I am in Beijing university]Have to remember:"I am have feminist,Nine years(Refers to nine years of the republic of,In the year 1920)There are a few female students for the school,To exam has been,Gu record for auditor,And summer recruitment,Officially for girls."

　　《北京大学日刊》特辟“本校女生”一栏，介绍了招收的九位女生。因属前所未有的创举，所以连“北大”的师生也感到新奇，也据顾颉刚《悼蔡元培先生》一文中说:有一天我去取北大《日刊》，哪知早已被同学们一抢而光，原来这天报上登着这些女同学的姓名，大家要先睹为快呢！

[Beijing university issue]'s monarch"The girl"A bar,Introduces the recruit nine girls.Because of the unprecedented creation,So even"north"Teachers and students also feel novelty,Also according to gu[Regret Mr. CAI yuanpei]The article said: one day I go to take the north[issue],Know which have been students a rob and light,For the day's newspaper the female classmate's name,We want to know how it!

　　蔡元培在北京大学首开女禁，上海、南京、广州、天津等地竞相仿效，女生络绎进入各地大学，终于蔚成风气。

CAI yuanpei university in Beijing first on the woman,Shanghai/nanjing/guangzhou/Tianjin etc to emulate,The girl in an endless stream into universities,Finally become a common practice.