南京是朱清时赴六省市招生宣讲活动的最后一站。2013年，南方科技大学将招生扩大到全国14个省份，包括江苏在内的6个省是新增加的。“学生和家长对南方科技大学了解还太少。”于是这位67岁的老人开始他的连续飞行旅程。1月6日，杭州。1月8日，沈阳。1月10日，南昌。1月15日，西安。1月17日，石家庄。1月19日他来到南京。虽然精神很好，但难掩一脸的疲倦之色。遗憾的是，昨天来听讲座的绝大多数都是家长，金陵中学的报告厅也未坐满。倒是记者们对这位中国教育改革的先锋校长相当感兴趣。从前天晚上就一路围追堵截，不过朱清时都以太累而拒绝了采访。

Nanjing is zhu qingshi six provinces and cities to recruit students preaching activities last stand.In 2013,,The south university of science and technology will recruit students expand to 14 provinces across the country,Jiangsu province, including 6 provinces is new."Students and parents to understand the south university of science and technology is too little."So the 67 - year - old man began his continuous flight.On January 6,,hangzhou.On January 8,,shenyang.January 10,,nanchang.On January 15,,xian.January 17,,shijiazhuang.On January 19, he came to nanjing.Although the spirit is very good,But difficult to mask a face of tired of color.It is a pity that,To listen to a lecture yesterday most are the parents,Jinling high school students is not full.It is the reporters to the Chinese education reform pioneer principal quite interested.From the day before yesterday evening the rounding,But zhu qingshi are too tired and refused to be interviewed.

三例子解答“创新人才培养” Three example solutions"Innovative personnel training"

　　在1个小时的讲座中，朱清时先说了这么一个故事。1953 年，阿尔弗雷茨参加全美物理年会。午餐时，阿尔弗雷茨旁边唯一的空位上坐了一个27岁的博士后格拉塞。格拉塞说，由于被安排在最后一天最后一场演讲，自己很担心没什么人会来听报告。阿尔弗雷茨也没时间去听，就请这个年轻人说说自己的报告。格拉塞说，他受啤酒冒气泡的启发，产生一个想法，可能用来建造探测基本粒子的装置气泡室。就这5分钟的谈话开启了阿尔弗雷茨的思路。回去后，阿尔弗雷茨和同事立马动手，8年后，终于做出了液氢气泡室。这东西跟格拉塞的原始设计相比有大变化:乙醚换成了液氢，体积也扩大了许多，功能更不可同日而语。但是，1960年诺贝尔物理奖只给了格拉塞，因为原始的创新思想来自他，尽管格拉塞还很年轻，而且真正造出气泡室的是阿尔弗雷茨。“最好的创新人才，是提出新思想的人，而非经验丰富，花力气最多的人，这点在科学界已经达成共识。”朱清时总结。

In 1 hours of lecture,Zhu qingshi first such a story.In 1953,,Alfred's annual meeting in the physical.At lunch,Alfred beside, the only space to sit a 27-year-old postdoctoral gravel plug.Gravel plug said,Due to be arranged in the last day of the last lecture,They are worried about no one will listen to report.Alfred, you don't have time to listen to,Please the young man talk about their own report.Gravel plug said,He is beer bubbled inspiration,Produce a idea,May be used to build the basic particle detection device bubble chamber.This 5 minutes of conversation opens the Alfred's ideas.After return,Alfred, and his colleagues immediately begin,Eight years,Finally made the liquid hydrogen bubble chamber.This thing with gravel plug of the original design compared with big change: ether replaced by liquid hydrogen,Volume also enlarged the many,Function more cannot be mentioned in the same breath.but,The 1960 Nobel Prize for physics only gave gravel plug,Because the original innovative ideas from his,Although gravel plug is still very young,And really made the bubble chamber is, Alfred."The best creative talents,Is put forward new ideas,Rather than experience,Take strength most,This in the scientific community has reached an agreement."Zhu qingshi summary.

　　朱清时以事例来证明创新人才应该具有“5个力”批判力、想象力、洞察力、注意力、记忆力。“法国数学家伽罗华，20岁不到就发现了群论， 21岁时和人决斗，死了。当时他的理论数学家都看不懂。直到死后50年他的手稿才发表，被当时的学界认可了。科学史上最伟大的发明往往来源于年轻人，为什么？因为他们受传统思想影响还不大，没有条条框框的限制，还有批判思维能力。”朱清时举了一个在很多场合都举过的例子。“小学老师给学生讲灰姑娘，有个小朋友问，为什么到了12点魔法消失所有东西都变回原形，水晶鞋却没有变回去呢？老师一时无语，说不要胡思乱想了，书上怎么说你就怎么说。我们现在的教育，是老师和家长一起联手压抑、遏制了孩子的批判思维能力。”

Zhu qingshi with examples to prove the innovation talented person should have"Five force"PiPanLi/imagination/insight/attention/memory."French mathematician jia LuoHua,Twenty years of age less than he found the group theory, 21 years old and people duel,died.At that time he theory mathematicians don't understand.Until fifty years after the death of his manuscripts published only,At that time was recognized by the academic circle.The greatest invention in the history of science often comes from young people,why?Because they were traditional thought impact is not,No rules limit,And critical thinking ability."Zhu qingshi lift a on many occasions for all the example."Primary school teacher to students speak Cinderella,A child asked,Why to 12 mana disappear all retransformation,Crystal shoe but no change to return it?The teacher say a,Don't think the said,The book how to say you how to say.Our present education,Is a teacher and parents together to suppress/Contain the child's critical thinking ability."

　　再说到洞察力。“我们在评价运动员在场上表现时，常会说他今天一点感觉都找不到。这种感觉就是洞察力。其实面对复杂事物时，不是靠推导，而是凭直觉，一下子找出复杂事物的关键、规律，这就需要洞察力。国外老科学家在评价年轻人时很喜欢用感觉这个词，往往说，他对这个领域有没有感觉。应试教育中，老师也会说到感觉，让学生通过一遍遍做题来找感觉，但这是机械的，也许能得高分，但抹杀了真正的洞察力。”

Say to the insight."We are in the performance evaluation of athletes,Often said he's feeling a bit can't find it.This kind of feeling is insight.In fact when facing the complicated things,Not by derivation,But intuition,To find out the key to a complicated things/law,This needs insight.Foreign senior scientists evaluation when young people prefer to use feeling this word,Often said,He was on this field have no feelings.Takes an exam the education of,The teacher will say to feel,Let the student through would become a problem to look for a feeling,But this is mechanical,Maybe can get high scores,But killed the real insight."

南科大如何培养创新人才？ 南科大现在还是一张白纸 South university how to cultivate innovative talents? South university is still a blank sheet

　　朱清时说，南方科技大学就是想为中国探索出一条新路，回答“钱学森之问”为什么我们的学校总是培养不出杰出人才?“因为它还是一张白纸，我们可以按照自己设想的来做。比如我们现在引进了100多位教授，两届学生一共是200多个，本科新生入学后，前两年由学校安排统一的理工科基础课教学，后两年学生可按自己的兴趣和能力自选各个研究所和中心开设的专业课，并且做研究实习。所有的实验设备都是开放的，学生可以自行设计方案去做实验。我们实行书院制管理方式，老师和学生住在一起，学生有问题可以随时找到老师。”朱清时对南科大的理想设计是，未来10年预计老师1000余人，学生8000余人，包括研究生和本科生，师生比达到1:8。

Zhu qingshi said,The south university of science and technology in China is to find a new road,answer"Of qian xuesen asked"Why our school always cultivate a outstanding talents?"Because it is a piece of white paper,We can according to own ideas to do.Such as we are now more than 100 professor introduced,The two students there are more than 200,Undergraduate course after admission,Two years ago by the arrangement of our school uniform science basic course teaching,Two years after the students according to their interests and the ability to customize each institute and center set up professional class,And do research practice.All laboratory equipment are open,Students may make the design plan to do the experiment.We implement the system management mode,Teachers and students live together,Students have problems can find a teacher at any time."Zhu qingshi to south university ideal design is,The next 10 years teacher is expected to more than 1000 people,More than 8000 students,Including the graduate and undergraduate students,To ShiShengBi".

朱清时现场问答 不参加高考，完全自主招生是我们最终的理想 Zhu qingshi the question not to participate in college entrance examination,Completely independent enrollment is our final ideal

　　问：从2011年不看高考成绩录取，到现在的“6∶3∶1”（ 高考成绩占60%，南科大自主招生成绩占30%，另外10%的成绩来自学生的平时成绩评估）的选拔模式，有人质疑，南科大是不是被“收编”了？

ask:From 2011 years from the university entrance exam admission,To the present"6:3:1"( The university entrance exam accounted for 60%,South university autonomous enrolment performance (30%),In addition 10% of the results from students' usual assessment)Selection mode,Some question,South university are"incorporated"the?

　　答：不参加高考，完全由学校自主招生这是我们最终的理想，但是就像登山，你要登山，不会选一条直路走，而是迂回的路，而且要保证每步都走得比较完全，不至于摔下去，所以我们的6:3:1模式走的就是一条迂回的路。在取得经验后，我们会逐渐增加自主招生比例，最终达到学校完全自主招生。

a:Don't participate in college entrance examination,The school completely autonomous enrolment this is our final ideal,But like mountain climbing,You want to mountain climbing,Don't choose a straight way,But roundabout way,And to ensure that every step is walking more completely,Not fall,So our 6:3:1 mode walk is a roundabout way.After obtaining the experience,We will gradually increase the proportion of autonomous enrolment,Finally achieve completely independent school recruitment of students.

　　目前6:3:1模式是中国近年来高考制度改革中最重大的一步，改变了高考的一锤定终身，这种模式也容易与世界接轨，一流大学也并非没有高考，像美国有SAT，但它的本质是作为参考，不像高考那么绝对。我相信我们做好了，取得经验后，教育部也会继续支持，把自主招生的比例提得更高。

At present 6:3:1 mode is China's college entrance examination system reform in recent years the most important step,Changed the university entrance exam a hammer set for life,This model is easy to integrate with the world,First-class university not college entrance examination,Like the United States has SAT,But that is the essence of it as a reference,Don't like the university entrance exam so absolute.I believe that we have made,Obtained after experience,The ministry of education will also continue to support,The proportion of the autonomous enrolment carry higher.

问：南科大自主招生考试与“华约”“北约”有不同吗？ ask:South university autonomy and the recruitment of students test"Warsaw pact treaty""NATO"There are different??

　　答：完全不同。我们的考试不需要任何复习。比如去年有一道题，让考生“在7分钟内从数字1一直写到数字300”的例子。这个题目当时让很多考生不敢相信自己的眼睛，都觉得很简单，但实际上这道题考验的是学生的注意力。当学生写到数字200的时候已经非常累了，头脑和手不一致，绝大部分学生都要出错。我们要选拔的就是注意力非常集中的学生。类似的，我们也考想象力，洞察力，这些都不需要做任何准备。就像选拔运动员，都要考跳远、跳高，跑步。

a:Completely different.Our test does not need any review.Such as last year there is a problem,Let students"In 7 minutes from digital 1 until about the number 300"example.The subject was let many students can't believe my eyes,That is very simple,But the fact is that the problem of the test is for the attention of students.When students write the number 200 is very tired,Head and hands not consistent,Most students want to go wrong.We want to the selection of the attention is very concentrated students.similar,We also take an examination of imagination,insight,These do not need to do any preparation.As selection of athletes,Want to take an examination of long jump/High jump,running.

问：南科大已经有两届学生了，他们后悔选择南科大吗？ ask:South of the university have two students,They regretted choose south university?

　　答：其实我最欣慰的事就是现在学校的孩子，因为他们都很支持我们的理念。有个学生对记者说，将来等我们是爷爷奶奶了，我们就跟孙儿说，我这一生，参加了中国最重要的一次高教改革！这是学生的普遍感觉，毕竟参与了高教改革，他们能够得到很多其他学校得不到的东西，对学生来说，是非常难得的机会，他们的经验就是一种宝贵的财富。

a:In fact I am most delighted thing is now school children,Because they are very supportive of our idea.A student told reporters,The future waiting for us is the grandma and grandpa,We will follow the grandchild said,My whole life,Took part in China's most important a higher education reform!This is the student's common sense,After all, to participate in the reform of higher education,They can get a lot of other schools something,For the students to,Is a very rare opportunity,Their experience is a precious wealth.

问：您一直坚持高校的“去行政化”，最难点在哪里？ ask:You have been to university"To the administrative",The most difficult in where?

　　答：去行政化是早晚要实现的，不去行政化，学校不被当成一个学术机构来办大学是一定办不好的，这是没有商量的。不管行政化的势力有多顽固，我们遇到的困难有多少，这个既定的大方向一定会实现。去行政化是更深刻的、更根本的改革。关系到要改变每个人大脑习惯思维，真正的敌人并不是外在的，而是我们教职员工自己，比如我们的干部还是传统思维，希望有行政级别，希望按照行政权利来说话算数。这不是短时间所能做到的。

a:To achieve administrative is sooner or later,Don't go to the administrative,The school is not as a academic institutions to do university is certain to do bad,This is is not negotiable.No matter how stubborn administrative power,How many difficulties we encounter,The established way will achieve.Go to the administrative is more profound/A more fundamental reform.To change the relationship between each brain thinking habit,The real enemy and not outward,But our staff themselves,Such as our cadres or traditional thinking,Hope to have administrative levels,Hope that in accordance with the administrative rights to his word.This is not a short time can do.

　　创新人才如何培养？“中国现在遇到的教育难题和19世纪末国外的状况差不多，爱因斯坦在他的回忆录里写过这么一段话，来描述他上的瑞士苏黎世工业大学：要成为好学生，必须集中精力上课，遵守纪律，自觉做好作业，这一切恰好都是我欠缺的，对于像我这样爱好沉思的人来说，大学教育并不总是有益的。无论多好的食物强迫吃下去，总有一天会把胃口和肚子搞坏的。”朱清时说，这和我们现在的大学状况是一样的。“但到20世纪前半叶，世界各国都纷纷进行教改，教改有两个要素最关键，一是以老师为核心转变成以学生为核心，二是课程设置以讲授知识型变成能力培养型。课程要少而精，我们现在的大学一般要求学生修160多分，而国外一般120分就已经算很多了，一个学期我们一般要学八九门课，而国外一般三四门就已经很多了。这样才能腾出时间让学生去研究自己感兴趣的项目，去做实验，去实践。中国的高教界对这一切很清楚，但改造起来非常难。于是大家只能像现在这样，把该上的课上完就算了。这种教育方式不但忽视了创新素质能力培养，甚至扼杀了学生的创新能力。”

How to cultivate innovative talents?"China now meet education problem and the end of the 19th century foreign situation almost,Einstein in his memoirs wrote such a sentence,To describe his in Zurich, Switzerland, university of technology:To be a good student,Must focus on the class,discipline,Homework conscientiously,All these just are my short,For be like me so love the people thought,University education is not always good.No matter how good food forced to eat it,Will one day be the stomach and the stomach spoil."Zhu qingshi said,This and we are now in the university is the same."But to twenty (superscript th) century,All countries in the world are in the educational reform,The educational reform has two key elements,One is the teacher as the core into to students as the core,The second is the curriculum is designed to teach the knowledge into ability training type.Course wants fewer but better,We are now university general requirements students to take 160 points,And foreign general 120 minutes has worked a lot,A semester we usually learn to one class,And foreign general three or four door has a lot of.In order to make time for students to study their interest in the project,To do experiment,To practice.China's high JiaoJie to all this very clearly,But it is very difficult to transform.So you can only like this,The class after calculate.This kind of education mode not only ignored the innovation quality ability training,Even killed the innovation ability of students."

家长、学生：欣赏但心存疑虑 parents/students:Appreciate but doubt

　　就在讲座之前，记者身边的一位家长问道，南科大是民办的吗？作为一所全新的学校，有这样的疑问并不意外。这也是朱清时校长不辞辛劳为招生奔走的原因。不过在了解了学校之后，大多家长仍心存疑虑。“理念是不错，但毕竟才办，还没得到检验，还是上传统名校更安全。”昨天，记者也随机采访了多位在场的家长和学生。

Before the lecture,Reporters asked one of his parents,South university is run by the local people?As a new school,Have such doubt is not a surprise.This is President zhu qingshi proffered to recruit students for reason.But in understanding the school later,Most of the parents still doubt."Idea is good,But after all to do,Haven't tested,The traditional school or more safety."yesterday,Reporters also random quizzed the presence of parents and students.

　　“孩子特意给我发来短信，说一定要来朱清时的讲座。”一位家长拿出手机给记者看孩子发给她的短信，“她叫宗旭豪，在宜兴官林中学读高三，对南科大很感兴趣，已经在我面前说过好多次了。不过我当时不赞成，觉得不成熟，老师对她期望也很高，我们希望她能进南大、东大这样的学校。但今天听了朱校长的讲座，我觉得孩子的想法可以理解了。”

"Children have to I sent SMS,Said zhu qingshi must come to the lecture."A parents take out mobile phone to reporters to see the child to her message,"Her name is ZongXuHao,In yixing officer Lin middle school read three,University of south very interested,Have in front of me said it many times.But I was not in favor of,Think not mature,The teacher is also very high expectations for her,We hope she could enter into the south/University of such school.But today to listen to and the headmaster's lecture,I think the child's idea can understand."

　　有几位高二学生也来听讲座了。刘嗣同说，“感觉南科大是一台被人才操纵的机器，它是一个我们去操纵的机器，而不是单向改造我们的机器。从心里上来说我还是想读南科大，因为它是以学生为核心，就是我想干什么，只要是合理的就应该能够得到满足。”

Several senior high school students to listen to the lecture.LiuSiTong said,"Feel south university is a be talent control machine,It is a us to control the machine,Instead of unidirectional transform our machines.From the heart, I still want to read south university,Because it is the students as the core,Is what I want to do,As long as it is reasonable should be satisfied."

　　“我们最担心的是，学校还没有毕业生，就业到底怎么样？会不会被社会另眼相待？其实免学费对我们来说，吸引力倒并不大。”一位家长说。

"We worry most about,The school has not graduate,The employment?Will be social give a special treatment?Actually free tuition for us,But attraction is not big."A guardian said.

新闻链接 News link

　　南方科技大学是一所创新型大学，目标是迅速建成国际化高水平研究型大学，建成类似加州理工学院和洛克菲勒大学那样小规模、高质量的研究型大学。2011年3月，南科大教改实验班开学。

The south university of science and technology is an innovative university,Goal is to rapidly developed international high level research university,Similar in California institute of technology and the Rockefeller university so small/The high quality of research university.In march of 2011,South university reform the experimental class.

　　但2011年高考前，南方科技大学首批实验班的45名学生是否要参加高考成为当时社会关注的热点。因为有网友爆出，已通过南科大自主招生的首届教改班学生，还需参加当年高考。

But in 2011 before the college entrance examination,The south university of science and technology of the first class 45 students whether or not to participate in college entrance examination become the hot social concern.Because there are net friend came,Already through the south university of autonomous enrolment of the students of class teaching reform,Still need to participate in the college entrance examination.

　　已经历了9周的大学生涯的学生们表示将不参加高考。许多家长也力挺自己的孩子。“在客观条件允许的条件下，我也希望他绕过高考，继续在南科大学习。”

Already have a 9 weeks of university career students said will not participate in the college entrance examination.Many parents also force is their children."In the objective conditions allow conditions,I also hope he around the college entrance examination,Continue to study in south university."

　　朱清时 化学家，教授，博士生导师，中国科学院院士、第三世界科学院院士，南方科技大学校长。1998年6月任中国科学技术大学校长。2009年9月10日起任南方科技大学创校校长。2012年当选“中国教育年度声音”。（实习生 曹恩慧 扬子晚报记者 张琳 宋峤 侯彬彬）

Zhu qingshi chemist,professor,Doctoral tutor,Chinese academy of sciences/The third world academy of sciences,The President of the university of science and technology.In June 1998 as President of the university of science and technology of China.2009 September 10 RenNaFang university of science and technology and the school principal.In 2012 was elected"China's education annual voice".(Interns CaoEnHui yangzi evening news reporter zhang Lin song Jiao HouBinBin)